scholarly journals What Determines the Financial and Insurance Services Exports: The Case of the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1081
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Karakostas
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Almost All

The financial sector is a very basic pillar of the international financial system. Almost all countries of the present international economic system participate in international financial services. Today's era, due to intense globalization, constant capital movements, continuous commercial integration and the ever-increasing financial interconnection, have made financial and insurance services an essential element of the present reality. The financial sector is an industry that is very 'sensitive' to the macroeconomic and political stability of countries. This means that countries that are considered unstable cannot have a positive impact on their financial activities. One country that has a strong position in the financial sector is the United Kingdom (UK). The question that can be asked is this: what are the factors that determine the optimal functioning of financial and insurance activities. One answer could be the strong financial institutions of a country. Another answer is the corruption indicator. Or even the existence of intervention by the state apparatus in the financial functions. Of course, these factors must have tangible proof of the functioning of the economy. State intervention, for example, does not entirely mean that it is dysfunctional. This study will seek to create a framework for the analysis of financial services factors. The methodology applied is The Multiple Linear Regression - Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).

scholarly journals A Free-Market Environmentalist Transition toward Renewable Energy: The Cases of Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4659
Author(s):  
William Hongsong Wang ◽  
Vicente Moreno-Casas ◽  
Jesús Huerta de Soto
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Free Market ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Market Environmentalism ◽  
The Uk

Renewable energy (RE) is one of the most popular public policy orientations worldwide. Compared to some other countries and continents, Europe has gained an early awareness of energy and environmental problems in general. At the theoretical level, free-market environmentalism indicates that based on the principle of private property rights, with fewer state interventionist and regulation policies, entrepreneurs, as the driving force of the market economy, can provide better services to meet the necessity of offering RE to protect the environment more effectively. Previous studies have revealed that Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have made some progress in using the market to develop RE. However, this research did not analyze the three countries’ RE conditions from the perspective of free-market environmentalism. Based on our review of the principles of free-market environmentalism, this paper originally provides an empirical study of how Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have partly conducted free-market-oriented policies to successfully achieve their policy goal of RE since the 1990s on a practical level. In particular, compared with Germany and Denmark, the UK has maintained a relatively low energy tax rate and opted for more pro-market measures since the Hayekian-Thatcherism free-market reform of 1979. The paper also discovers that Fredrich A. Hayek’s theories have strongly impacted its energy liberalization reform agenda since then. Low taxes on the energy industry and electricity have alleviated the burden on the electricity enterprises and consumers in the UK. Moreover, the empirical results above show that the energy enterprises play essential roles in providing better and more affordable RE for household and industrial users in the three sampled countries. Based on the above results, the paper also warns that state intervention policies such as taxation, state subsidies, and industrial access restrictions can impede these three countries’ RE targets. Additionally, our research provides reform agendas and policy suggestions to policymakers on the importance of implementing free-market environmentalism to provide more efficient RE in the post-COVID-19 era.

Commentary: the Banking Crisis and the Economy

2008 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Weale
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Bank Rate ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Second World

The past few weeks have seen an intensification of the banking crisis in the United States, with the near failure of Bear Sterns, although some commentators hopefully say that the worst has now passed. In the United Kingdom the gap between the Bank Rate and money market rates has re-opened and is described as indicative of a reluctance of banks to lend to each other. In this commentary we seek to explain the fundamental factors behind recent developments in UK lending markets. We begin by describing the recent experience of the financial services industry in the United Kingdom and putting the crisis, which has been described as the worst since the Second World War, into some sort of perspective.

scholarly journals Amartya Sen’s Identity Pluralism Applied to Will Kymlicka’s Liberal Multiculturalism

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-546
Author(s):  
Betto van Waarden
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Recent Effort ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Participation Rights ◽  
Liberal Multiculturalism ◽  
Abstract Ideas ◽  
Multicultural Theory

Multicultural theory pays surprisingly little attention to the plurality of identity. In addition, there is still dissatisfaction with Will Kymlicka’s distinction between polyethnic groups and national minorities and the rights they deserve, as well as continued criticism of liberal multiculturalism more broadly. I revisit this distinction based on Amartya Sen’s recent effort to introduce the notion of identity pluralism into liberal debates. In Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny (W.W. Norton and Company, New York, 2006), Sen stresses the importance of maintaining political stability through individuals’ plural identities mainly in relation to religious divides and global conflict. Sen’s theory is criticised for being too abstract, but I interpret these abstract ideas to criticise Kymlicka’s distinction between polyethnic groups and national minorities and strengthen liberal multiculturalism. I argue that the notion of identity pluralism implies that a state must promote multicultural ‘participation rights’ for all minority identities, rather than ‘accommodation rights’ for polyethnic groups and ‘self-government rights’ for national minorities as Kymlicka contends. Consequently, regions like Quebec, Flanders and Catalonia would not merit the level of autonomy they currently enjoy, and Scotland should not be granted independence from the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Continuing high levels of HIV diagnoses in men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
B Rice ◽  
A Nardone ◽  
N Gill ◽  
V Delpech
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Reporting Delays ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

The latest HIV data for 2007 has recently been published for the United Kingdom (UK). During the year, an estimated 6,840 (95% confidence intervals 6,600-7,050) persons (adjusted for reporting delays) were newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK. This represents a 12% decline from a peak of new HIV diagnoses reported in 2005 (7,800). Almost all this decline in new HIV diagnoses was in HIV-infected heterosexuals from sub-Saharan Africa who were probably infected in their country of origin.

Address by the President of the Faculty of Actuaries

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
The United Kingdom

ABSTRACTThe first part of the Address is a review of changes over the last 30 years in the actuarial management of a life office — ranging from the introduction of the Appointed Actuary system to some of the consequences of the Financial Services Act. It draws attention to some of the differences in the regulatory treatment of life assurance companies and other competing organisations in the savings field, highlights some of the shortcomings in the European solvency regime that is currently being reviewed by the authorities, comments on developments in the area of anti-discriminatory legislation and draws attention to some possible problems arising from such legislation.The Address continues by outlining some of the issues that must be tackled if the profession is to expand into other fields, and the last part comments on developments in the day-to-day management of the United Kingdom actuarial profession and the Faculty's relationship with the Institute.

Comparing Government Agendas

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 973-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bjerre Mortensen ◽  
Christoffer Green-Pedersen ◽  
Gerard Breeman ◽  
Laura Chaqués-Bonafont ◽  
Will Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Government Power ◽  
Legislative Agenda ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
Almost All

At the beginning of each parliamentary session, almost all European governments give a speech in which they present the government’s policy priorities and legislative agenda for the year ahead. Despite the body of literature on governments in European parliamentary democracies, systematic research on these executive policy agendas is surprisingly limited. In this article the authors study the executive policy agendas—measured through the policy content of annual government speeches—over the past 50 years in three Western European countries: the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Denmark. Contrary to the expectations derived from the well-established “politics matters” approach, the analyses show that elections and change in partisan color have little effect on the executive issue agendas, except to a limited extent for the United Kingdom. In contrast, the authors demonstrate empirically how the policy agenda of governments responds to changes in public problems, and this affects how political parties define these problems as political issues. In other words, policy responsibility that follows from having government power seems much more important for governments’ issue agendas than the partisan and institutional characteristics of governments.

23. Electronic money

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Prudential Supervision ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Gambling Activities ◽  
The Eu

This chapter begins with a discussion of the regulation of the issuance and use of electronic money. Initial sector-specific legislation was introduced by the EU in the form of the Directive on the taking up, pursuit of, and prudential supervision of the business of electronic money institutions. In the United Kingdom, the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 designated the issue of e-money as a ‘regulated activity’ and particular provision to implement a Directive was made. The chapter then turns to the regulation of online gambling. It covers the Gambling Act 2005, licensing of remote gambling activities, and the Remote Gambling and Software Technical Standards.

Prospects for a close EU-UK trade deal are not good

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Limited Period ◽  
The Eu

Subject UK-EU trade talks. Significance The United Kingdom will leave the EU on January 31, 2020, but will abide by EU rules as part of the transition period, which runs to December 31, 2020. During this limited period of time, London and Brussels will seek to negotiate a permanent trading relationship. While the transition deadline can be extended, the UK government has committed not to seek an extension. Impacts The impact of no trade deal or a 'thin' one may force the UK government to increase taxes in order to meet spending pledges. UK financial services will rely on an equivalence deal with the EU; London hopes to agree this by mid-2020. The EU’s future trade policy will focus on having stronger sanction powers as well as legal ones for those that unfairly undercut EU firms.

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