scholarly journals Gender Representation in Cambodian Television Advertisements

Plaridel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prieler ◽  
Vannak Dom
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Television Advertisements ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Body Care

This study analyzes 157 unduplicated Cambodian television advertisements for differences in gender representation. The findings indicate gender differences for several variables, including the degree of dress (more men than women were fully dressed and more women than men were suggestively dressed), the setting (more women than men were at home and more men than women were in the workplace), voiceovers (male voiceovers clearly outnumbered female ones), and product categories (women were featured in advertisements for body care/toiletries/cosmetics/beauty products, and men were in advertisements for alcoholic drinks and automotive/vehicles/transportation/accessories products). Most of these gender differences were expected in the patriarchal society of Cambodia, where there are traditionally strict codes of conduct for men and women. However, some results (equal numerical representation, age) ran counter to most previous research. The potential effects of such representations on audiences are discussed based on social cognitive theory and cultivation theory.

The Representation of Older People in East Asian Television Advertisements

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prieler ◽  
Alex Ivanov ◽  
Shigeru Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Cultivation Theory ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Vitality ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Television Advertisements

In this study, 432 television advertisements from Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea were analyzed to determine their representations of older people. Findings demonstrate that in East Asian advertisements, older people are highly underrepresented, appear in major roles, mostly alongside younger people, and older men clearly outnumber older women. The other variables investigated (i.e., setting and product categories) led to no conclusive findings for the three societies. In short, our study, employing ethnolinguistic vitality theory to analyze television advertisements, demonstrates how East Asian societies greatly marginalize older people. Potential effects of such representations are discussed using social cognitive theory and cultivation theory.

scholarly journals Characterizing a Sample of Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Selected Health Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Ji ◽  
Dianxu Ren ◽  
Tiffany L. Gary-Webb ◽  
Jacqueline Dunbar-Jacob ◽  
Judith A. Erlen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Self Management

Purpose The purpose of the study is to describe the characteristics and selected health outcomes of a sample of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to examine gender differences based on social cognitive theory. There is limited study in theory-driven research conducted in China and a lack of evidence in collectively examining the associated factors among Chinese patients with T2DM based on a theory, especially among those living in a suburban area. Methods Following a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 207 patients (50.2% women; mean age, 56.1 years) with T2DM from an outpatient clinic in a suburban area of Beijing, China. Participants completed a survey, and clinical values were retrieved from the patients’ medical records. Results Of the participants, more than half had suboptimal glycemic control; only a small proportion had recommended levels in performing self-management behaviors. A large proportion had metabolic syndrome and were overweight or obese. Compared with men, women demonstrated poorer health literacy and problem solving, received less social support, and presented with more depressive symptoms. Conclusion Glycemic control and self-management were suboptimal in this sample, and a large proportion of the sample was at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Gender differences exist regarding health literacy, depressive symptoms, problem solving, and social support. Social cognitive theory may provide a lens for addressing factors that are important in improving health outcomes among Chinese patients with T2DM. This evidence will help health care providers to identify pertinent factors through a multifactorial approach, therefore providing tailored care for Chinese patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Gender role portrayals in television advertisements: Do channel characteristics matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-52
Author(s):  
Kathrin Karsay ◽  
Jörg Matthes ◽  
Valerie Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Service Channel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Television Advertisements ◽  
Key Variables

AbstractIn the present study we investigated the role of channel characteristics with regard to gender role portrayals in television advertisements. Drawing on cultivation theory and social cognitive theory, we investigated six key variables in this line of research. We sampled a total of N = 1022 advertisements from four Austrian television channels: a public service channel, a commercial channel, and one commercial special interest channel for men and for women, respectively. Our results replicate well-known stereotypic gender role portrayals prevalent in television advertisements. The public service channel and the private channel did not differentiate from each other with regards to gender stereotyping. We found that a channel with a female target group aired advertisements containing the same or even amplified stereotypes compared to a male channel. The potential negative effects of stereotypic gender role portrayals in television advertisements are discussed.

Social Cognitive Theory and Motivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H. Schunk ◽  
Ellen L. Usher
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Social Environmental

Social cognitive theory is a theory of human behavior that emphasizes learning from the social environment. This chapter focuses on Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which postulates reciprocal interactions among personal, behavioral, and social/environmental factors. Persons use various vicarious, symbolic, and self-regulatory processes as they strive to develop a sense of agency in their lives. Key motivational processes are goals and self-evaluations of progress, outcome expectations, values, social comparisons, and self-efficacy. People set goals and evaluate their goal progress. The perception of progress sustains self-efficacy and motivation. Individuals act in accordance with their values and strive for outcomes they desire. Social comparisons with others provide further information on their learning and goal attainment. Self-efficacy is a critical influence on motivation and affects task choices, effort, persistence, and achievement. Recommendations are made for future research.

Moral Self-Identity and Character Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 683-707
Author(s):  
Daniel Lapsley ◽  
Timothy S. Reilly ◽  
Darcia F. Narvaez
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Character Development ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
Life Span Development ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Moral Personality ◽  
Moral Stage

Moral development is a kind of sociopersonality development that has as its aim the disposition to virtue. The developmental grounding of moral personality is in the first months of life and includes neurobiological foundations, the mutual responsive orientation, and dialogic socialization of the moral self. The authors argue that moral self-identity offers integrative possibilities for understanding the life span development of moral personality and for understanding the dispositional and motivational bases of moral behavior, and that social cognitive theory has resources for understanding how the moral self and conscience of infancy is canalized into individual and cultural differences in the schedule and priority of character strengths that are the targets of socialization. Moral self-identity and character are placed in the historical context of the moral stage theory paradigm.

Digital movie piracy: A perspective on downloading behavior through social cognitive theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 958-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud S. Jacobs ◽  
Ard Heuvelman ◽  
Maurice Tan ◽  
Oscar Peters
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document