KAZAKHSTAN’S NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP WITH RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Zhanat Makasheva, ◽  
◽  
Assem Kashkinbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Order ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of

The article examines the main aspects of the definition of Kazakhstani identity in the context of strategic partnership with the Russian Federation, its historical and political analysis at the turn of the XXI century and on the eve of the 30th anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Particular emphasis is placed on the ideological basis for strengthening the independence of Kazakhstan through a well-grounded multi-vector foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its role in the context of strategic partnership with the Russian Federation in the context of the formation of a new world order in the modern system of international relations.

scholarly journals Ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation, state priorities, law-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Valeriy Zhabskiy ◽  
Aleksander Shuvalov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Western World ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the early 1990 s, the foreign policy concept in Russia was based on the policy of «Euro-Atlanticism», which presumed orientation towards the Western model of development, integration with the Western countries and a conflict-free vision of international relations. But unlike the era of «Cold War» with the USSR, the Western countries did not consider the Russian Federation to be equal in status and did not hasten the process of establishing strategic partnership. Russia has never managed to establish an alliance with the Western countries and become «part of the Western world», «Euro-Atlanticism» has not proved itself. In the late 1990s, a shift began to a course of «multi-vector» foreign policy, implying a multipolar system of international relations. Moreover, at the end of the twentieth century, the Russian Federation faced growing threats from the United States and the countries that make up the military-political bloc of NATO, which necessitated a rethinking of priorities and possibilities for ensuring the protection of Russia’s national interests and security, and the development and adoption of new doctrines and concepts on the subject. This article thus deals with the process of establishing State priorities on the basis of the principle of protecting the national interests and safeguarding the national security of the Russian Federation during the period 1999-2007.

scholarly journals Revisiting the notion of “sustainable tourism” for legal regulation purposes in Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Vitali Maksimeniuk ◽  
Roza Timakova
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Contemporary Issue ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of

The article considers theoretical aspects of a most important contemporary issue, i.e. modern approaches to sustainable tourism. The study shows the main relationships of the phenomenon with sustainable economic and social development. The research results in identification of the essential characteristics (signs) of sustainable tourism, i.e. for the legal regulation purposes. The concept of “sustainable tourism” for deliberate influence of the state on public relations in tourism using special legal means and methods was defined. The conclusions may improve the current regulatory framework of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Changes and additions to the national laws on tourism are suggested and justified. They relate to introduction of the definition of the concept of “sustainable tourism” and inclusion of the principle of sustainable tourism development.

scholarly journals National Projects’ Financing in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
R. I. Tugushev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Program Management ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Target Program ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of

The paper is devoted to the issues of definition of concepts of national projects, and financing. The author provides their definition based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature. National projects are understood to be relatively new tools for the target-program management. the author describes the modern system of financing of national projects and some modern trends in its development. Also, the paper demonstrates the balance between the concepts “financing”, “lending”, “investing”. The conclusion is made about the need for integrated use of these economic and legal institutions in the financing of national projects. The author substantiates a socially useful effect of national projects, which should be higher than the costs of their implementation. Differential approaches to the financing of individual national projects depending on the sources of funds are shown. Also, the author describes the structure of funding sources; the fundamental basis of relevant activity; the degree of reliability and stability of the main sources. The paper describes some mechanisms to ensure the flexibility and mobility of national projects’ financing.

scholarly journals Key Fault Lines in the System of International Relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Petr YAKOVLEV
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Order ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Fault Lines

The rapid ubiquitous spread of the coronavirus pandemic has quickly accelerated changes in the established world order and given an extra impetus to transforming the system of geopolitical relations. The fundamental implications of these tectonic shifts, which began several years before the COVID-19, have yet to be fully understood and assessed. However, some trends, which portend deep rifts in international relations and directly affect the geostrategic interests of the Russian Federation, can be already identified.

scholarly journals The essence and problems of substantiating certain types of decisions in criminal proceedings

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
V.V. Djafarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Procedural Decisions

The article considers problems of substantiating certain types of decisions in the criminal process. The author’s views are based on recent changes in the criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the existing experience of the Russian Federation. The article focuses on provisions of the current criminal procedure code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author refers to Russian proceduralists whose works are devoted to the problems of studying the validity of procedural decisions at the pre-trial stage. The author indicated types of decisions, which are not recognized as criminal procedural, but for which justification should be a mandatory criterion according to the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article provisions justify the need to enshrine the definition of «reasonableness» in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a mandatory requirement that must be met when taking decisions by the prosecuting authorities.

scholarly journals RULES ON INCHOATE CRIME IN THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Василий Некрасов ◽  
Vasiliy Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Tools And Techniques

The article analyzes the issues of differentiation of responsibility and norm design technique on inchoate crime in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus. The author examines the legislative definition of preparation for a crime, attempted crime and voluntary renunciation of criminal purpose. As a result of the study the author has found out the main methods and means of legislative technique, used by the Belarusian legislator. These are abstract and casuistic methods, the terminology of the criminal law and several others. Comparison of legal regulation of norms on unfinished crime in the Criminal code of the Republic of Belarus and the Criminal code of the Russian Federation has allowed to identify gaps made by the legislators of both countries in application of specific tools and techniques of legislative drafting. Court practice of the Republic of Belarus in cases of preparation for a crime and attempted crime also was analyzed in present article. The author has evidentiated the means of differentiation of the responsibility for committing inchoate crime, used by the Belarusian legislator. The definitions “inchoate crime” and “stage of the crime” were also analyzed in present study. As a conclusion the author has made the recommendations for improving the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus on regulation of criminal responsibility for an inchoate crime.

Signs characterizing the person occupying the highest position in criminal hierarchy

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Александр Викторович Сенатов
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Legislation

В связи с изменениями, внесенными Федеральным законом Российской Федерации от 01.04.2019 № 46-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации и Уголовно-процессуальный кодекс Российской Федерации в части противодействия организованной преступности» в уголовном законодательстве появилась ст. 210, предусматривающая уголовную ответственность за занятие высшего положения в преступной иерархии. Данное преступление имеет специальный субъект, обладающий дополнительными признаками, которые должны быть закреплены в законе. Однако в уголовном законодательстве, а также постановлениях Пленума Верховного суда Российской Федерации отсутствует определение данного понятия, а также признаки, в соответствии с которыми необходимо привлечь лицо к уголовной ответственности. В статье проанализированы научные определения «преступная иерархия», «иерархическая лестница уголовно-преступной среды», лицо, занимающее высшее положение в преступной иерархии, а также выделены конкретные признаки, характеризующие специальный субъект, закрепленный ст. 210 УК РФ. Рассматривается опыт борьбы с организованной преступностью в Республике Грузия, а также материалы следственной практики в отношении лица, привлекаемого к уголовной ответственности по признакам состава преступления, предусмотренного ст. 210 УК РФ. Due to the changes made by the Federal law of the Russian Federation of 01.04.2009 No. 46-FZ “On modification of the criminal code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation regarding counteraction of organized crime” to the criminal legislation there was Art. 210 providing criminal liability for occupation of the highest position in criminal hierarchy. This crime has a special subject with additional features that must be enshrined in the law. However, in the criminal legislation, as well as the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme court of the Russian Federation, there is no definition of this concept, as well as signs according to which it is necessary to bring a person to criminal responsibility. The article analyzes the scientific definitions of “criminal hierarchy”, “hierarchical ladder of criminal environment”, the person occupying the highest position in the criminal hierarchy, as well as the specific features, fixed Art. 210 of the Criminal Code. The article also discusses the experience of combating organized crime in the Republic of Georgia, as well as materials of investigative practice in relation to a person brought to criminal responsibility on the grounds of a crime under Art. 210 of the Criminal Code.

scholarly journals Shades of Gray in the War in Eastern Ukraine: ‘Neither War nor Peace’ Existence Zones, ‘Neither Truth nor Lie’ Silence Zones

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-187
Author(s):  
Maxim Bulyk ◽  
Irina Gridina
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Abstract The concepts of ‘gray zone conflict’, as one of the new phenomena in the theory of international relations, are given considerable attention in modern strategic researches of analysts, in particular American ones (Hel Brands, Adam Elkus, etc.). The definition of ‘gray zone conflict’ by American political scientists coincides with the definitions of domestic scholars in outlining the hybrid war in general, and Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine in particular. At the same time, qualifying the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the war in Eastern Ukraine as the sole concept of ‘gray zone’ shall be considered not to be entirely correct, since the scales tend to favor the definition of civil war, which is so advantageous to Vladimir Putin. On the other hand, the war in Eastern Ukraine has many shades of gray, which gives grounds to the use of the concept of ‘gray zone conflict’ on specific examples of the existence of real and imaginary gray zones (realities of existence and zones of silence) and to investigate their quantitative and qualitative characteristics, to determine the degree of the viral use of the gray zone of conflict by the state (as an object of aggression), which complicates its establishment. The possibilities/unacceptability of solving gray zone conflicts by “gray” methods are being outlined as well.

scholarly journals ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИГРАНИЧНЫХ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАРЕЛИЯ И СОПРЕДЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ФИНЛЯНДИИ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Larchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Republic

Приграничное сотрудничество Российской Федерации и Финляндии является одним из важных направлений международных отношений. В статье рассматривается современное состояние приграничных муниципальных образований Республики Карелия и приграничных городов Финляндии. Проведен сравнительный анализ демографической ситуации в городах Костомукша, Лахденпохья, Питкяранта, Сортавала, Вяртсиля, Кухмо (Кайнуу Kainuu), Йоэнсуу (Северная Карелия Pohjois Karjala), Тохмаярви (Северная Карелия Pohjois Karjala), Лиекса (Северная Карелия Pohjois Karjala), Париккала (Южная Карелия). Указаны общие проблемы приграничных территорий: уменьшение численности населения снижение уровня рождаемости, высокий уровень безработицы. Crossborder cooperation between the Russian Federation and Finland is one of the important areas of international relations. The article discusses the current state of the border municipalities of the Republic of Karelia and the border cities of Finland. A comparative analysis of the demographic situation in the cities of Kostomuksha, Lakhdenpokhya, Pitkranta, Sortavala, Vyartsilya, Kuhmo (Kainuu), Joensuu (North Karelia), Tohmayarvi (North Karelia), and Parikkala (South Karelia). The general problems of the border areas are indicated: population decline reduced birth rates, high unemployment.

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