Thermoplastic Elastomeric Blends of Nylon-6/Acrylate Rubber: Influence of Interaction on Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Properties

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Jha ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Acid ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

Abstract Nylon-6 and acrylate rubber (ACM) were melt blended in a Brabender Plasticorder at 220 °C and 40 rpm rotor speed. The reactive nature of the blend is reflected in the mixing torque behavior of the blends at different compositions. The solubility characteristics of the blends in formic acid solution gives an approximate idea of the amount of nylon-6 grafted onto ACM and vice-versa. A reaction mechanism is proposed based on the well known epoxy—amine and epoxy—acid reactions and is confirmed by infrared spectroscopic studies of the blends. The influence of interaction between the two polymers on the mechanical and the dynamic mechanical properties of the blends is analyzed in detail, and the results are interpreted on the basis of the formation of nylon—ACM graft copolymer at the interfaces. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) reveals a two phase morphological structure, indicating incompatibility of the blend components. The grafting reaction results in dramatic increase in both the storage modulus and the Young's modulus of blends. The presence of grafted rubber chains is reflected in the secondary transition of the rubber loss peak at higher temperature. Also, a substantial improvement in the damping properties of the blends in the service temperature range (i.e., 25 to 175 °C) is revealed from the DMTA results. The dynamic vulcanization of the ACM phase during melt mixing improves the elongation at break values of the blends.

scholarly journals Study on dynamic mechanical properties of a nylon-like polyester tire cord

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501986880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyong Tian ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Qufu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Polyester Cord

Tires might be the first technically significant composite out of rubber and play a vital role in the overall performance of a car. The essential functions of a tire rely to a great extent on the properties of tire cords. Polyester and nylon cords make up the majority of synthetic fibers used in tires. A new kind of polyester cord has been developed combining the performance characteristics of both polyester and nylon cords. This article examines the dynamic mechanical properties of this nylon-like polyester tire cord by adopting dynamic mechanical analysis, Instron, and DISC fatigue experiments, as well as its dynamic adhesion property using flex fatigue experiment. It demonstrated that the dynamic complex modulus of the nylon-like polyester cord was higher than that of nylon 6 cord but lower than that of standard polyester cord, which was a favorable characteristic when it came to replacing nylon 6 cord with nylon-like polyester cord in tires. Under cyclic loading, hysteresis loss of nylon 6 cord > nylon 66 cord > nylon-like polyester cord > standard polyester cord was observed. In the DISC experiment, nylon-like polyester had a similar compression resistance property to that of nylon 6 cord. At a temperature below 85°C, nylon-like polyester cord maintained roughly the same level of residual ratio of dynamic adhesion, but beyond this temperature point, nylon 6 exhibited a better performance.

Dynamic mechanical relaxations of electrospun poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) nanofibrous yarn

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (18) ◽  
pp. 2193-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdolkarim Hosseini ◽  
Ning Pan ◽  
Frank Ko
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Polymorphic Transition ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Nanofibrous Yarn ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile

The phase structure and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (P(AN-co-MA)) nanofibers collected in the form of twisted yarn via the two-nozzle conjugated electrospinning method were investigated to study the effects of solution concentration and take-up velocity on the relaxation behavior of nanofibers yarn. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses of P(AN-co-MA) nanofibers show a two-phase structure of nanofibers consisting of crystalline and amorphous phases and polymorphic transition from hexagonal to orthorhombic. Heating P(AN-co-MA) nanofibers at over the glass transition temperature led to an increased degree of both crystallinity and crystallite size with no polymorphic change. Three transitions (tan δ peaks) were observed in nanofibrous yarn prepared at different spinning dope concentrations and take-up speeds, except for the specimen prepared at a concentration of 14 wt% and collecting speed of 8 cm/min, wherein no α transition was observed due to improved molecular orientation. The temperature dependence of the dynamic Young’s modulus of nanofibrous yarn at different spinning dope concentrations was mainly affected by the diameter of the nanofiber as the morphological property and molecular orientation. Take-up speed was found to affect the γ and α transitions more than the β transition. Moreover, the maximum storage modulus was obtained at a take-up speed of 8 cm/min at all over recorded temperatures.

NATURAL RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON NEW FIBROUS NANOFILLERS WITH IMPROVED BARRIER PROPERTIES FOR USE IN TIRE INNERLINER APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 000-000 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Surya ◽  
Sanjay Bhattacharya ◽  
Rabindra Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Kinsuk Naskar ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Growth Properties

ABSTRACT Hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by predispersion of new nanofibers such as aramid nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, silicon carbide nanofibers (SiC), cellulose nanofibers, and graphite nanofibers in natural rubber (NR) latex prior to melt mixing in an internal mixer to ensure the exquisite dispersion of nanofibers in NR. The competency of these nanofibers in reinforcing NR as well as enhancing its barrier properties has not been widely investigated. The fabricated nanocomposites showed enhanced curing as well as mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Morphology of the composites was analyzed through electron microscopy. The increase in tortuosity created by the presence of the hybrid filler system consisting of carbon black and nanofibers was studied using permeability models. At higher tearing energies, it was seen that the nanofiber-reinforced composites showed comparable crack growth properties; however, at lower energies, the fabricated composites exhibited higher crack propagation rates compared with the control compound when studied using a tear fatigue analyzer. The improved mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and barrier properties along with comparable fatigue crack growth properties offer an opportunity to apply these systems in high-end applications such as a thinner tire inner liner with a higher NR blend ratio, which can result in improved processability and reduced hysteresis, fuel consumption, and cost.

Mixing Methods Influencing on Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber/Polypropylene Thermoplastic Vulcanizates

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chesidi Hayichelaeh ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Anoma Thitithammawong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Internal Mixer

Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)/Polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic vulcanizates were prepared by melt mixing method in an internal mixer. Influences of different mixing methods for incorporation of processing oil into the TPVs on tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of the TPVs and crystallinity of the PP were investigated. Results show that distribution of processing oil in the ENR/PP TPV is important due to the processing oil can promote and in the same time can interrupt an improvement in elastomeric properties of the TPV. Incorporation of processing oil into the ENR phase by preparation of oil extended ENR (the mixing method 1) before mixing with the PP was the better way to produce the TPV. It promoted the TPV with superior tensile and dynamic mechanical properties than the TPVs prepared from the mixing method 2 and 3 in which the processing oil was directly added into the PP phase. Furthermore, the TPV from the mixing method 1 had less effect of processing oil on the PP crystallization.

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of PMMA/Organoclay Nanocomposite: Experiments and Modeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Matadi Boumbimba ◽  
Said Ahzi ◽  
Nadia Bahlouli ◽  
David Ruch ◽  
José Gracio
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Amorphous Polymers ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Stiffness Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Wide Range

Similarly to unfilled polymers, the dynamic mechanical properties of polymer/organoclay nanocomposites are sensitive to frequency and temperature, as well as to clay concentration. Richeton et al. (2005, “A Unified Model for Stiffness Modulus of Amorphous Polymers Across Transition Temperatures and Strain Rates,” Polymer, 46, pp. 8194–8201) has recently proposed a statistical model to describe the storage modulus variation of glassy polymers over a wide range of temperature and frequency. In the present work, we propose to extend this approach for the prediction of the stiffness of polymer composites by using two-phase composite homogenization methods. The phenomenological law developed by Takayanagi et al., 1966, J. Polym. Sci., 15, pp. 263–281 and the classical bounds proposed by Voigt, 1928, Wied. Ann., 33, pp. 573–587 and Reuss and Angew, 1929, Math. Mech., 29, pp. 9–49 models are used to compute the effective instantaneous moduli, which is then implemented in the Richeton model (Richeton et al., 2005, “A Unified Model for Stiffness Modulus of Amorphous Polymers Across Transition Temperatures and Strain Rates,” Polymer, 46, pp. 8194–8201). This adapted formulation has been successfully validated for PMMA/cloisites 20A and 30B nanocomposites. Indeed, good agreement has been obtained between the dynamic mechanical analysis data and the model predictions of poly(methyl-methacrylate)/organoclay nanocomposites.

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH POLY (VINYL BUTYRAL) MATRIX

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. TORKI ◽  
I. ŽIVKOVIĆ ◽  
V. R. RADMILOVIĆ ◽  
D. B. STOJANOVIĆ ◽  
V. J. RADOJEVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titania Nanoparticles ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Silica And Titania ◽  
Vinyl Butyral

This work reports the preparation of SiO 2 and TiO 2/poly (vinyl butyral) nanocomposites with enhanced dynamic mechanical properties. Silica and titania nanoparticles were introduced in the matrix as the neat powder and as colloidal sol using the melt mixing process. Composites reinforced with colloidal sol silica and titania showed higher mechanical properties than the ones reinforced with as-received particles. When sol TiO 2 particles are used, the highest increase of storage modulus of about 54% is obtained for 5 wt% loading, while for sol SiO 2, the storage modulus increases with the addition of nanosilica with the largest increase of about 99% for 7 wt% loading. In addition, nanocomposites were introduced within Kevlar/PVB composites. The addition of 5 wt% silica and titania colloidal sol lead to the remarkable increase of the storage modulus for about 98 and 65%, respectively. Largest contribution of nanoreinforcements in lowering the glass transition temperature is observed for 7 wt% loading of TiO 2 and SiO 2 colloidal sol.

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