Quantification of Tuber Sprouting of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Response Against Temperature Using Thermal Time Models

Experiments were conducted to determine the response of purple nutsedge tuber sprouting to diurnally alternating temperature. These experiments compared the response to alternating and constant temperatures and determined the effect of the amplitude of alternation and time of exposure to the maximum temperature. Tuber sprouting was more rapid and complete with alternating temperatures than with constant temperatures. Increasing temperature fluctuation from 0 to 6 C for 12 h daily linearly increased total tuber sprouting. As little as 30 min exposure to high temperature per day provided nearly the same level of sprouting as a 12 h alternating temperature cycle. This phenomenon should be considered when conducting studies to describe tuber temperature responses or when predicting tuber sprouting and emergence.

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Herbicidal Potential of Dryland Plants on Growth and Tuber Sproutingin Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. IQBAL ◽

S.T. ZAHRA ◽

M. AHMAD ◽

A.N. SHAH ◽

W. HASSAN

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Complete Suppression ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Rhazya Stricta ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Tuber Sprouting ◽

Test Plants

ABSTRACT: In the current study the herbicidal potential of different dryland plant species to suppress tuber sprouting and growth in the purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) was investigated. The plant species evaluated were Fagonia indica, Aerva javanica, Calotropis procera, Rhazya stricta and Withania coagulans. In a greenhouse experiment, 5 sprouted and 5 non-sprouted tubers of nutsedge were planted in pots containing 250g field-collected soil. Pots were irrigated regularly with aqueous extracts of test plants at five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; original extract was concentrated 20 times and was considered as 100% concentrated and further concentrations were made accordingly). Extracts of all test plants significantly inhibited nutsedge tuber sprouting and growth. A significant interaction was observed between sprouting index (SI) and final sprouting percentage. While a non-significant interaction was observed between the timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time (MST). Maximum reductions in SI and final sprouting percentage were recorded with Rhazya stricta extracts. Extracts of Rhazya stricta showed maximum suppressive potential of nutsedge density, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight. Overall, the least effective suppression of purple nutsedge was observed for extracts of Fagonia indica. Calotropis procera extracts resulted in the lowest reductions in nutsedge root length of all test plants but all test plants showed similar effects on timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time. The 100% and 75% concentrations provided complete suppression of nutsedge. For all test plants, the 25% extract concentration was least effective and in some cases results were similar to the water-only control treatment. Our findings suggest that several dryland plant species with strong allelochemical properties have the potential to substantially reduce the deleterious impacts of purple nutsedge in dryland cropping systems and warrant further study.

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Effects of Glyphosate on Tuber Sprouting and Growth of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)1

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/0890-037x(2002)016[0477:eogots]2.0.co;2 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 477-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

CHING-YUH WANG

Keyword(s):

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Tuber Sprouting

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Increased Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Tuber Sprouting with Diurnally Fluctuating Temperatures

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-12-00055.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 126-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rebekah D. Wallace ◽

Timothy L. Grey ◽

Theodore M. Webster ◽

William K. Vencill

Keyword(s):

Temperature Variation ◽

Weed Management ◽

Early Spring ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Tuber Sprouting ◽

Diurnal Fluctuations

Purple nutsedge is among the most troublesome weeds of vegetables in the Southeast US and a substantial impediment in the search for methyl bromide alternatives. Greater understanding of the environmental cues that regulate tuber sprouting may assist in improved nutsedge management. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of diurnal temperature variation on sprouting of purple nutsedge tubers. Two temperature regimes were evaluated: the first averaged 28 C, with daily fluctuations ranging from 0 to 19.5 C; the second temperature regime averaged 16 C, with daily fluctuations ranging from 0 to 18.5 C. When average temperature was 28 C, cumulative tuber sprouting ranged from 88 to 92%, with no detectable differences among diurnal fluctuations. The high average temperature in the first study may have negated any type of enforced sprouting suppression. However, when average temperature was lowered to 16 C (simulating early spring diurnal fluctuations under polyethylene mulch), there was a positive linear correlation between maximum tuber sprouting and temperature variation. With an average temperature of 16 C, the absence of temperature variation resulted in 52% purple nutsedge sprouting, while 87% sprouting occurred when daily temperature varied 18.5 C at the same average temperature. The use of various types of mulching material can affect average soil temperatures and diurnal variations, potentially shifting nutsedge emergence. Further studies are needed to determine if these data on tuber sprouting in response to alternating temperatures can facilitate more efficient weed management.

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The Role of Phenolics and Abscisic Acid in Nutsedge Tuber Dormancy

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500048177 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

N. O. Jangaard ◽

M. M. Sckerl ◽

R. H. Schieferstein

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Cyperus Esculentus ◽

Tuber Dormancy ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Yellow Nutsedge ◽

Phenolic Components ◽

Tuber Sprouting ◽

High Concentrations

The phenolic content of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) was determined. The major phenolic components were p-coumaric, ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, vanillic, salicylic, proto-catechuic, and caffeic acids, and eugenol. High concentrations of eugenol and salicylic acid inhibited the sprouting of nutsedge tubers. The lack of activity at lower concentrations argues against a major role for these compounds in maintaining nutsedge tuber dormancy. Exogenous abscisic acid inhibited nutsedge tuber sprouting and may be a natural dormancy factor in nutsedge.

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Potential effects of diurnally alternating temperatures and solarization on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tuber sprouting

Journal of Arid Environments ◽

10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.09.006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 22-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

I.S. Travlos ◽

G. Economou ◽

V.E. Kotoulas ◽

P.J. Kanatas ◽

A.N. Kontogeorgos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Tuber Sprouting

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Effect of Low Temperature on Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Reproductive Biology

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-12-00061.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 239-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Evgenia Dor ◽

Joseph Hershenhorn

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Cold Treatment ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Sprouting Ability ◽

Tuber Sprouting ◽

Spreading Potential ◽

Intensive Formation

Purple nutsedge is considered to be the worst weed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although the plant is a low grower it has very strong competitive abilities. The influence of initial tuber size and cold treatment on tuber sprouting, accumulation of plant biomass and new tubers formation was studied. Tubers sprouted continuously over 30 to 50 d with significantly lower sprouting ability of small tubers (0.1 to 0.2 g). Short cold treatment (4 C for 4 d) significantly stimulated sprouting process. The early sprouting of cold treated tubers led to increased number of shoots and inflorescences and therefore more intensive biomass accumulation, as well as more intensive formation of new tubers. The increase in total biomass accumulation raises the reproductive and spreading potential of the weed.

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Enhancement of Herbicide Activity with an Isoparaffinic Oil Carrier

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500051092 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 701-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. J. Burr ◽

G. F. Warren

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Setaria Viridis ◽

Ipomoea Hederacea ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Herbicide Activity ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Agropyron Repens

Several herbicides were tested in the greenhouse on ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.) to determine the degree of enhancement in activity that could be obtained with an isoparaffinic oil carrier applied at 140 L/ha. The enhancement varied with the herbicide and with the species, ranging from 16-fold enhancement with 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) and 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) on ivyleaf morningglory to no enhancement of atrazine activity on purple nutsedge and quackgrass or (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) activity on quackgrass and ivyleaf morningglory. An oil adjuvant was less effective in enhancing dinoseb and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) activity than was the isoparaffinic oil carrier. Also, the isoparaffinic oil carrier emulsified in water was less effective than the undiluted oil in enhancing dinoseb activity on green foxtail, even though equal volumes of the isoparaffinic oil were applied.

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Field Efficacy ofDactylaria higginsiias a Bioherbicide for the Control of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)1

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/0890-037x(2000)014[0001:feodha]2.0.co;2 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

JUGAH B. KADIR ◽

R. CHARUDATTAN ◽

WILLIAM M. STALL ◽

BARRY J. BRECKE

Keyword(s):

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Field Efficacy

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