Effect of Low Temperature on Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Reproductive Biology

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Dor ◽  
Joseph Hershenhorn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Sprouting Ability ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
Spreading Potential ◽  
Intensive Formation

Purple nutsedge is considered to be the worst weed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although the plant is a low grower it has very strong competitive abilities. The influence of initial tuber size and cold treatment on tuber sprouting, accumulation of plant biomass and new tubers formation was studied. Tubers sprouted continuously over 30 to 50 d with significantly lower sprouting ability of small tubers (0.1 to 0.2 g). Short cold treatment (4 C for 4 d) significantly stimulated sprouting process. The early sprouting of cold treated tubers led to increased number of shoots and inflorescences and therefore more intensive biomass accumulation, as well as more intensive formation of new tubers. The increase in total biomass accumulation raises the reproductive and spreading potential of the weed.

Diurnally Alternating Temperatures Stimulate Sprouting of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Tubers

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel E. Miles ◽  
Roy K. Nishimoto ◽  
Osamu Kawabata
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Temperature ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Temperature Responses

Experiments were conducted to determine the response of purple nutsedge tuber sprouting to diurnally alternating temperature. These experiments compared the response to alternating and constant temperatures and determined the effect of the amplitude of alternation and time of exposure to the maximum temperature. Tuber sprouting was more rapid and complete with alternating temperatures than with constant temperatures. Increasing temperature fluctuation from 0 to 6 C for 12 h daily linearly increased total tuber sprouting. As little as 30 min exposure to high temperature per day provided nearly the same level of sprouting as a 12 h alternating temperature cycle. This phenomenon should be considered when conducting studies to describe tuber temperature responses or when predicting tuber sprouting and emergence.

scholarly journals Herbicidal Potential of Dryland Plants on Growth and Tuber Sproutingin Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
S.T. ZAHRA ◽  
M. AHMAD ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
W. HASSAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Rhazya Stricta ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
Test Plants

ABSTRACT: In the current study the herbicidal potential of different dryland plant species to suppress tuber sprouting and growth in the purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) was investigated. The plant species evaluated were Fagonia indica, Aerva javanica, Calotropis procera, Rhazya stricta and Withania coagulans. In a greenhouse experiment, 5 sprouted and 5 non-sprouted tubers of nutsedge were planted in pots containing 250g field-collected soil. Pots were irrigated regularly with aqueous extracts of test plants at five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; original extract was concentrated 20 times and was considered as 100% concentrated and further concentrations were made accordingly). Extracts of all test plants significantly inhibited nutsedge tuber sprouting and growth. A significant interaction was observed between sprouting index (SI) and final sprouting percentage. While a non-significant interaction was observed between the timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time (MST). Maximum reductions in SI and final sprouting percentage were recorded with Rhazya stricta extracts. Extracts of Rhazya stricta showed maximum suppressive potential of nutsedge density, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight. Overall, the least effective suppression of purple nutsedge was observed for extracts of Fagonia indica. Calotropis procera extracts resulted in the lowest reductions in nutsedge root length of all test plants but all test plants showed similar effects on timing of sprouting initiation and mean sprouting time. The 100% and 75% concentrations provided complete suppression of nutsedge. For all test plants, the 25% extract concentration was least effective and in some cases results were similar to the water-only control treatment. Our findings suggest that several dryland plant species with strong allelochemical properties have the potential to substantially reduce the deleterious impacts of purple nutsedge in dryland cropping systems and warrant further study.

INFLUENCE OF TIME OF EMERGENCE AND PLANT DENSITY ON GROWTH OF HEMP-NETTLE (Galeopsis tetrahit)

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE LÉGÈRE ◽  
JEAN-MARC DESCHÊNES
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
City Region ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Broadleaf Species

The effects of time of emergence and plant density on hemp-nettle growth (Galeopsis tetrahit) were measured in natural field populations from the Québec City region and in a greenhouse experiment. In the field, more than 80% of the plants emerged during a peak period of about 2 wk in early May. Few hemp-nettle plants emerged after this peak period. Late-emerging plants produced relatively little biomass compared to plants that had emerged during the early emergence flush. Total biomass accumulation increased with density on three out of four sites. Stands from the lowest density (80 plants m−2) generally produced less biomass than stands of higher plant densities. Average plant biomass production decreased with increasing density. Plants from low density stands displayed a bushy profile compared to the etiolated, single-stemmed plants from high density stands. Mature hemp-nettle stands did not develop strong hierarchical population structures such as found for other annual broadleaf species. Hemp-nettle plants within a stand were distributed rather evenly over a number of height classes. A large proportion of the total biomass was produced by a relatively considerable number of plants 45–59 cm in height rather than by a few dominating individuals.Key words: Hemp-nettle, Galeopsis tetrahit, weed populations, emergence pattern, population density, population structure

Development of a new thermal time model for describing tuber sprouting of Purple nutsedge ( Cyperus rotundus L.)

Weed Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Mijani ◽  
Mehdi Rastgoo ◽  
Ali Ghanbari ◽  
Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati ◽  
José L. González‐Andújar
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
Thermal Time Model

scholarly journals Quantification of Tuber Sprouting of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Response Against Temperature Using Thermal Time Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Sajad Mijani ◽  
Mehdi Rastgoo ◽  
ALi Ghanbari ◽  
Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Sprouting

Shading Responses of Purple and Yellow Nutsedges (Cyperus rotundusandC. esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Net Assimilation

The effects of shade on dry-matter production, leaf area, and biomass partitioning in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL.) were determined in a controlled-environment greenhouse with a day/night temperature regime of 32/26 C. For comparison with a full-light treatment, screening provided 40, 70, and 85% shade. Shading significantly reduced height of yellow nutsedge and dry-matter production, leaf-area production, and rhizome and tuber formation of both species. Shading decreased the partitioning of plant biomass into tubers and rhizomes and increased partitioning into leaves. Yellow nutsedge had a higher net-assimilation rate than purple nutsedge at all levels of shading, but the greater leaf-area duration or total amount of leaf area present in purple nutsedge resulted in greater dry-matter production by that species. The responses of the two species showed no differences in shade tolerance.

Growth of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in Response to Interference with Direct-Seeded Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Jhoana Opeña
Keyword(s):  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Direct Seeded

The biology of purple nutsedge was studied by growing it alone and in competition with 12 and 24 rice plants in a pot experiment. Compared with the weedy plants grown alone, competition from rice reduced purple nutsedge leaf number, shoot number, tuber production rate, and leaf biomass. At 10 wk after planting, interference from 12 and 24 rice plants reduced purple nutsedge leaf area by 79 and 86%, respectively, compared with weedy plants grown without rice interference. On the same date, purple nutsedge aboveground shoot biomass was 26.8 g plant−1without interference, whereas in interference with 12 and 24 rice plants, purple nutsedge produced aboveground biomass of 4.8 and 2.2 g plant−1, respectively. A total of 95 tubers plant−1were produced by purple nutsedge when grown alone. Growth with 12 and 24 rice plants reduced tuber production to 33 and 17 tubers plant−1, respectively. Without interference, purple nutsedge produced 40 g plant−1of total biomass of tuber plus root plus rhizome, whereas in interference with 12 and 24 rice plants, purple nutsedge produced 14 and 5 g plant−1of total belowground biomass, respectively.

Increased Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Tuber Sprouting with Diurnally Fluctuating Temperatures

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah D. Wallace ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
William K. Vencill
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations

Purple nutsedge is among the most troublesome weeds of vegetables in the Southeast US and a substantial impediment in the search for methyl bromide alternatives. Greater understanding of the environmental cues that regulate tuber sprouting may assist in improved nutsedge management. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of diurnal temperature variation on sprouting of purple nutsedge tubers. Two temperature regimes were evaluated: the first averaged 28 C, with daily fluctuations ranging from 0 to 19.5 C; the second temperature regime averaged 16 C, with daily fluctuations ranging from 0 to 18.5 C. When average temperature was 28 C, cumulative tuber sprouting ranged from 88 to 92%, with no detectable differences among diurnal fluctuations. The high average temperature in the first study may have negated any type of enforced sprouting suppression. However, when average temperature was lowered to 16 C (simulating early spring diurnal fluctuations under polyethylene mulch), there was a positive linear correlation between maximum tuber sprouting and temperature variation. With an average temperature of 16 C, the absence of temperature variation resulted in 52% purple nutsedge sprouting, while 87% sprouting occurred when daily temperature varied 18.5 C at the same average temperature. The use of various types of mulching material can affect average soil temperatures and diurnal variations, potentially shifting nutsedge emergence. Further studies are needed to determine if these data on tuber sprouting in response to alternating temperatures can facilitate more efficient weed management.

The Role of Phenolics and Abscisic Acid in Nutsedge Tuber Dormancy

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Jangaard ◽  
M. M. Sckerl ◽  
R. H. Schieferstein
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
High Concentrations

The phenolic content of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) was determined. The major phenolic components were p-coumaric, ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, vanillic, salicylic, proto-catechuic, and caffeic acids, and eugenol. High concentrations of eugenol and salicylic acid inhibited the sprouting of nutsedge tubers. The lack of activity at lower concentrations argues against a major role for these compounds in maintaining nutsedge tuber dormancy. Exogenous abscisic acid inhibited nutsedge tuber sprouting and may be a natural dormancy factor in nutsedge.

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