intensive formation
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2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk ◽  
Hanna Jackowiak ◽  
Marlena Ratajczak

AbstractA triangular lingual prominence (LP) is a characteristic part of the tongue in Anseriformes containing adipose tissue. The parakeratinized epithelium (PEp) covers the LP. Studies aimed to describe the histogenesis of PEp during the process of the intensive formation of the LP in domestic goose during embryonic period and to determine the structural readiness to perform a protective function. The study were conducted by using LM, SEM and TEM technique. The results revealed that on day 16th the undifferentiated epithelium of LP transformed into the typical avian multilayered epithelium. Contrary to pattern of histogenesis of parakeratinized epithelium on the lingual body, on the medial and lateral areas of the elongating and bulging LP were formed epithelial furrows. Which around 20th day, on lateral areas of LP deepened up to half of epithelium, whereas on the medial area began to fade. The ultrastructure of cells lying in furrows indicated progressive apoptosis-like degeneration. On the 25th day, shallow furrows were only present on lateral areas, where bulging of LP was continued. Whereas the epithelium on medial area started cornification by the accumulation of cytokeratin fibers. Lack of the periderm during the development of the PEp of the LP indicated its endodermal origin.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6915
Author(s):  
Veronika V. Smirnova ◽  
Denis N. Chausov ◽  
Dmitriy A. Serov ◽  
Valery A. Kozlov ◽  
Petr I. Ivashkin ◽  
...  

A method for obtaining a stable colloidal solution of silver oxide nanoparticles has been developed using laser ablation. The method allows one to obtain nanoparticles with a monomodal size distribution and a concentration of more than 108 nanoparticles per mL. On the basis of the obtained nanoparticles and the PLGA polymer, a nanocomposite material was manufactured. The manufacturing technology allows one to obtain a nanocomposite material without significant defects. Nanoparticles are not evenly distributed in the material and form domains in the composite. Reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) are intensively generated on the surfaces of the nanocomposite. Additionally, on the surface of the composite material, an intensive formation of protein long-lived active forms is observed. The ELISA method was used to demonstrate the generation of 8-oxoguanine in DNA on the developed nanocomposite material. It was found that the multiplication of microorganisms on the developed nanocomposite material is significantly decreased. At the same time, the nanocomposite does not inhibit proliferation of mammalian cells. The developed nanocomposite material can be used as an affordable and non-toxic nanomaterial to create bacteriostatic coatings that are safe for humans.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
N. K. Gadzhiev ◽  
D. S. Gorelov ◽  
A. O. Ivanov ◽  
I. V. Semenyakin ◽  
I. E. Malikiev ◽  
...  

Urolithiasis is currently one of the most urgent problems in the world. Every eleventh worldwide inhabitant suffers from this disease. Previously, the only way to get rid of kidney stones and the urinary tract was open surgery, which was characterized by high trauma. Over the past decades, the development of technologies has made a significant contribution to the development of new methods of urolithiasis treatment. One of these methods is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The first lithotripter Dornier HM-1 was produced in 1980. Subsequent models have got many changes, both in terms of ergonomics and power. The researchers noticed that the efficiency of stone crushing in the Dornier HM-1 lithotripter was higher than in newer models since the lower power provided the less intensive formation of cavitation bubbles that prevent the effective transit of subsequent waves through the stone. Nowadays, a new method of remote stone crushing is being developed based on low-amplitude high-frequency technology combined with ultrasonic propulsion, which is the main difference from traditional shock-wave lithotripters. The new technology of stone crushing is called «burst wave lithotripsy» (BWL). Currently, the data have been obtained that this method is more effective in terms of crushing quality and less traumatic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 596-605
Author(s):  
Mikhail Rogachev ◽  
Aleksandr Aleksandrov

Severe problems accompany the production of abnormal oils with high pour point (with a paraffin content of over 30% by weight) in Kraynego Severa, Russia, due to the intensive formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) in the bottom hole zone of the productive formation and downhole equipment. Possessing many advantages, the existing methods and technologies for coping with ARPD cannot fully solve this problem. As a result, complications arising from the production of high-wax oils lead to a significant decrease in oil production, a reduction in the production wells' maintenance and intertreatment periods, and an increase in dewaxing unit operating costs. The obtained results of theoretical and laboratory studies show that one of the promising approaches to improve the efficiency of wells equipped with electric submersible pumps when exploitation of abnormal oils with high pour point from multilayer deposits of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province is the use of the new integrated technology based on the joint production of abnormal oil with high pour point with the oil, characterized by a lower wax content and the manifestation of structural and mechanical properties, in conjunction with regulating the parameters of the electric submersible pump. In this paper, the authors also describe a promising scheme of downhole equipment for the simultaneous-separate production of high-wax oil from multilayer deposits. The proposed downhole equipment allows us to separate the perforation zones of two productive formations using a packer-anchor system during simultaneous-separate exploitation of the formations by a double electric submersible pump installation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
N. A. Nikolina

The article examines various types of verbal neologisms functioning in modern Russian speech. The aim of the research is to reveal the tendencies of verbal derivation at the turn and at the beginning of the 21st century. It is noted that verb vocabulary is regularly enriched by neologisms of different structural types despite the fact that this part of speech is less open to neologization. It has been demonstrated that suffixation, prefixation, and postfixation (grammatical suffixation) are the most productive processes of derivation. The following tendences of modern verbal derivation have been revealed: intensive formation of new verbs via borrowing from foreign languages; expansion of denominative derivation of verbs; an increase in the number of reflexive verbs expressing various aspects of subject-object relations. It is concluded that verbal neologisms are consistently used not only in media language, but also in the language of modern fiction where they enhance its expressiveness and imagery.


Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Giulio Marchese ◽  
Alberta Aversa ◽  
Emilio Bassini

This study deals with the Inconel 625 (IN625) alloy reinforced with micro-TiC particles processed by laser powder bed fusion. The microstructure and hardness in the as-built and solution-annealed states were investigated. The microstructures of the as-built IN625 and IN625/TiC states were primarily made up of columnar grains along the building direction. After the solution annealing at 1150 °C for 2 h, the IN625 alloy consisted of equiaxed grains due to recrystallization and grain growth. On the contrary, the solution-annealed IN625/TiC composite still presented columnar grains. Therefore, the TiC particles hinder the recrystallization, indicating higher microstructure stability for the composite. For the IN625/TiC composite, both the reduced alteration of the grains and the more intensive formation of carbides prevent a remarkable hardness reduction in the solution-annealed state.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
V.Y. Ziamko ◽  
◽  
V.K. Okulich ◽  
A.M. Dzyadzko ◽  
N.E. Kolchanova ◽  
...  

Objectives. To study the dependence of the formation intensity of microbial biofilms by isolates from patients on the severity and localization of the infectious process. Material and methods. The study conducted from 2016 to 2020 included 894 clinical isolates from 720 patients with infectious pathology of various localization and severety. The formation intensity of microbial biofilms by isolates received from these patients has been studied, depending on the severity and localization of the infectious process. Results. The property to form biofilms was found out in the overwhelming majority of tested isolates (86.6%). At the same time P. aeruginosa isolates had the maximum biofilm-forming ability, the weight of the microbial biofilm of which was 48.25; 30.1-70.2 mcg/well. The conducted studies have shown the dependence of biofilm formation on the severity of the disease in which isolates were isolated. A direct close relationship was found between the severity of the disease and the mass of microbial biofilm of P. aeruginosа and K. pneumoniae, a weak one - in Acinetobacter spp. (r=0.73, r=0.7 and r=0.35, p<0.05 accordingly). Conclusions. It can be assumed that intensive formation of biofilms by clinical isolates is an important factor of the aggressiveness and severity of the infectious process. Moreover, the conducted study has shown the dependence of biofilm formation on the severity of the disease in which isolates were isolated.


Author(s):  
Г.Г. Гатаулина ◽  
В.Ф. Консаго ◽  
С.С. Пилипенко

Увеличение мирового спроса на сою связано с проблемой дефицита растительного белка и возможными путями её решения: производить или импортировать. Наряду с известными преимуществами возделывания данной культуры, включая и экологическую составляющую, отмечается нестабильность урожайности сои. Часто она вызвана стрессовым действием погодных условий (например, засухи) на разных этапах продукционного процесса. Цель работы — выявить влияние препаратов «Циркон» и «Эпин-Экстра М» на ростовые процессы и формирование компонентов урожайности сорта сои северного экотипа в условиях Центрального Нечерноземья. Исследования проводили в 2019–2020 годах на Полевой опытной станции РГАУ–МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева на окультуренной дерново-подзолистой почве. В исследованиях установлено положительное влияние регуляторов роста «Циркон» и «Эпин-Экстра» на ростовые процессы, величину площади листьев, нарастание биомассы растений, элементы структуры урожая и урожайность семян сорта Касатка северного экотипа. Показано, что стрессовые условия, возникающие на разных этапах продукционного процесса из-за погодных условий, приводят к снижению и нестабильности урожайности сои. Применение природных регуляторов роста «Циркон» и «Эпин-Экстра» позволило достоверно увеличить по сравнению с контролем площадь листьев (ИЛП) в оба года исследований на 12–15%, максимальную за вегетацию (в фазу выполненных бобов) сырую и сухую биомассу — на 11–15%. В засушливых условиях 2019 года более высокая урожайность в вариантах с обработкой препаратами формировалась в основном благодаря увеличению массы 1000 семян, а во влажном 2020 году — за счёт того, что в вариантах с обработкой образовалось большее число бобов и семян в расчёте на растение и единицу площади. High demand for soybean is associated with plant protein deficit as well as expanding market of soybean-based products. Despite ecological friendliness and other advantages of this crop, soybean productivity is unstable often due to abiotic stress such as drought. This research was aimed at testing the effect of “Tsirkon” and “Epin-Ekstra M” preparations on growth and productivity of northern soybean ecotype (“Kasatka”) in the Central Non-Chernozem region. The experiment took place in 2019–2020 on sod-podzolic soil. “Tsirkon” and “Epin-Ekstra M” positively affected plant growth, leaf size, yield properties and seed productivity. Stress-factors at various growing stages decrease soybean yield. “Tsirkon” and “Epin-Ekstra M” significantly improved leaf area by 12–15%, green and dry mass yields — by 11–15%. Under dry weather of 2019 higher productivity of treated plants was obtained due to the increase in 1000 seed weight. Humid conditions of 2020 led to intensive formation of seeds and beans (per plant and square unit) resulting in high productivity of plants treated with the preparations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Z.R. Nasyrova ◽  
G.P. Kayukova ◽  
A.E. Chemodanov ◽  
A.V. Vakhin

Studies on the conversion of organic matter of high-carbon Domanik (siliceous-clay carbonate) rock of the Romashkinskoye deposit with a mineral content Corg of 7.07% in sub- and supercritical water have been carried out. It was shown that subcritical water at a temperature of 320°С and 17.0 MPa leads to a partial decomposition of the kerogenic structure, increasing the yield of bitumen from 3.12 to 3.98%, and a more complete recovery of asphaltenes and heavy C22-C30 n-alkanes from the rock sample. Supercritical water at temperatures of 374 and 420°C and pressures above 24.4 MPa leads to intensive formation of hydrocarbon and inorganic gases in the processes of kerogen decomposition, destruction of aliphatic substituents from condensed heteroatomic structures of resins and asphaltenes, and the carbonate component of Domanik rock. Degradation of the organic matter of the Domanik rock is also accompanied by the formation of saturated hydrocarbons with an increased content of light C12-C21 n-alkanes, and carbonaceous substances, such as carbene-carboids. Changes in the structure of asphaltenes and their paramagnetic properties were determined by the EPR method. The influence of sub- and supercritical water on phase changes in the composition of rock minerals, as well as on the yield and composition of formed gases, was revealed.


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