scholarly journals AI-based Quantification of Lung Emphysema and its Correlation with Lung Function Test Results (Literature Review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
N. A. Griva ◽  
P. V. Gavrilov ◽  
E. G. Sokolovich
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Emphysema ◽  
Function Test

Quantification of emphysema has been a topic of research for many years due to the time-consuming process that it requires and the subjectivity of the visual quantification of emphysema. In recent years there are a lot of studies dedicated to the comparison of automatic analysis data with the results of functional pulmonary tests. The previously used Tiffno index-based system for assessing the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has lost its independent value, so today it is recommended to establish the diagnosis and stage of the disease taking into account the frequency and severity of exacerbations. Thus, there is a need to search for more objective diagnostic criteria, which can become an AI-based emphysema quantification.

Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: lung function test interpretation: reply

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-633
Author(s):  
Nathaniel M. Hawkins ◽  
Mark C. Petrie ◽  
Pardeep S. Jhund ◽  
George W. Chalmers ◽  
Francis G. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Test Interpretation ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Function Test

Screening of High-risk Patients for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Primary Care: A Narrative Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponrathi Athilingam ◽  
Andrew Bugajski ◽  
Usha Menon
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Impaired Lung Function ◽  
Risk Patients

UNSTRUCTURED Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) predominantly affects older adults, and claimed 3 million lives in 2016, making it the third leading cause of death worldwide. Over 35 million Americans aged 40 or older have lung function consistent with diagnosable COPD. COPD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have a bidirectional relationship, in that one is a risk factor for developing the other. National and international consortiums recommend early screening of adults at risk of COPD, such as those with CVD. Recommended screening strategies include screening tools to assess symptoms, medical history, and handheld spirometry. Handheld spirometry has high diagnostic accuracy and if impaired lung function is indicated, these patients are referred for pulmonary function testing (PFT), the diagnostic gold standard for COPD. However, there is no clinical consensus for pulmonary screening in people with CVD. Current knowledge relating to the prevalence and incidence of CVD in people with COPD and the mechanisms that underlie their coexistence is key in combating the global burden of COPD.

scholarly journals Prognostic and functional impact of perioperative LAMA/LABA inhaled therapy in patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Azuma ◽  
Atsushi Sano ◽  
Takashi Sakai ◽  
Satoshi Koezuka ◽  
Hajime Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inhaled Therapy ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important risk factor for postoperative complications and mortality. To determine the effects of perioperative combination therapy, using a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA), on preoperative lung function, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and long-term outcome in COPD patients. Methods Between January 2005 and October 2019, 130 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed COPD underwent surgery for lung cancer. We conducted a retrospective review of their medical record to evaluate that LAMA/LABA might be an optimal regimen for patients with COPD undergoing surgery for lung cancer. All patients were received perioperative rehabilitation and divided into 3 groups according to the type of perioperative inhaled therapy and management: LAMA/LABA (n = 64), LAMA (n = 23) and rehabilitation only (no bronchodilator) (n = 43). We conducted a retrospective review of their medical records. Results Patients who received preoperative LAMA/LABA therapy showed significant improvement in lung function before surgery (p < 0.001 for both forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%pred). Compared with patients who received preoperative LAMA therapy, patients with LAMA/LABA therapy had significantly improved lung function (ΔFEV1, LAMA/LABA 223.1 mL vs. LAMA 130.0 mL, ΔFEV1%pred, LAMA/LABA 10.8% vs. LAMA 6.8%; both p < 0.05). Postoperative complications were lower frequent in the LAMA/LABA group than in the LAMA group (p = 0.007). In patients with moderate to severe air flow limitation (n = 61), those who received LAMA/LABA therapy had significantly longer overall survival and disease-free survival compared with the LAMA (p = 0.049, p = 0.026) and rehabilitation-only groups (p = 0.001, p < 0.001). Perioperative LAMA/LABA therapy was also associated with lower recurrence rates (vs. LAMA p = 0.006, vs. rehabilitation-only p = 0.008). Conclusions We believe this treatment combination is optimal for patients with lung cancer and COPD.

Maintaining Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation at Home in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 108482232199037
Author(s):  
Duarte Pinto ◽  
Lissa Spencer ◽  
Soraia Pereira ◽  
Paulo Machado ◽  
Paulino Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program

To systematize strategies that may support patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease to maintain the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation over time. This systematic literature review was conducted, and the evidence was electronically searched in the Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. This review included randomized controlled clinical trials, published until September 2019, that addressed components of an unsupervised home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program, maintenance strategies following outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programs, as well as data on outcomes for quality of life, exercise performance, and dyspnea. A final sample of 5 articles was obtained from a total of 1693 studies. Data for final synthesis were grouped into 2 categories: components of unsupervised home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programs and maintenance strategies. An unsupervised home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program should consist of an educational component, an endurance training component, and a strength training component. When patients are transferred to the home environment, it is important to include more functional exercises specifically adapted to the patient’s condition, goals, and needs.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of gas exchange response to lung volume reduction surgery in severe emphysema

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Cremona ◽  
Joan A. Barbara ◽  
Teresa Melgosa ◽  
Lorenzo Appendini ◽  
Josep Roca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery ◽  
Lung Volume Reduction ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) improves lung function, respiratory symptoms, and exercise tolerance in selected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who have heterogeneous emphysema. However, the reported effects of LVRS on gas exchange are variable, even when lung function is improved. To clarify how LVRS affects gas exchange in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 23 patients were studied before LVRS, 14 of whom were again studied afterwards. We performed measurements of lung mechanics, pulmonary hemodynamics, and ventilation-perfusion (V̇a/Q̇) inequality using the multiple inert-gas elimination technique. LVRS improved arterial Po2 (PaO2) by a mean of 6 Torr ( P = 0.04), with no significant effect on arterial Pco2 (PaCO2), but with great variability in both. Lung mechanical properties improved considerably more than did gas exchange. Post-LVRS PaO2 depended mostly on its pre-LVRS value, whereas improvement in PaO2 was explained mostly by improved V̇a/Q̇ inequality, with lesser contributions from both increased ventilation and higher mixed venous Po2. However, no index of lung mechanical properties correlated with PaO2. Conversely, post-LVRS PaCO2 bore no relationship to its pre-LVRS value, whereas changes in PaCO2 were tightly related ( r2 = 0.96) to variables, reflecting decrease in static lung hyperinflation (intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure and residual volume/total lung capacity) and increase in airflow potential (tidal volume and maximal inspiratory pressure), but not to V̇a/Q̇ distribution changes. Individual gas exchange responses to LVRS vary greatly, but can be explained by changes in combinations of determining variables that are different for oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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