scholarly journals Fracture patterns in midshaft clavicle fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
Alexander Van Tongel ◽  
Lieven De Wilde ◽  
Yasunori Shimamura ◽  
Jan Sijbers ◽  
Toon Huysmans
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Part ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Fracture Line ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Clavicle Fractures ◽  
Type 3

Current classifications of midshaft clavicle fractures are based on radiography. The aim of the study was to evaluate the fracture pattern of clavicle fractures using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT). A retrospective analysis was performed on CT scans of 65 acute clavicle fractures. Using quantitative 3D CT reconstruction techniques, the fracture of the clavicle was virtually reduced. Based on these reconstructions, a group-based fracture heat map and small fragment heat map, and the location of the most common fracture line were determined. Also, the direction and amount of displacement were evaluated. Three fracture patterns could be distinguished. The primary fracture line in type 1 is going from posteromedial to anterolateral and located between 50% and 68% of the clavicle’s length. In type 2, a transverse fracture line is located around 55%, and in type 3, a superolateral to inferomedial line is located between 47% and 56%. Wedged fracture fragments can be seen in types 1 and 2 and are mainly situated inferiorly. The displacement is similar in all types, but the main direction of displacement is specific for the different types (posterior, anterior, inferior). We can conclude that several fracture patterns can be seen in clavicle fractures. Most fractures are located laterally at the midshaft of the clavicle. Wedged segments are mainly located inferiorly, and at the posterior part of the clavicle, no comminution is ever seen. The direction of displacement depends on the fracture pattern.

Simulation and characterization of a dual-type 3-dimensional silicon detector

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1862-1867
Author(s):  
Jihoon Choi ◽  
Kyungmin Lee ◽  
Eunil Won
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Detector ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Type 3

scholarly journals Clinicoradiologic Evaluation of Eagle’s Syndrome and its Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pokharel ◽  
S Karki ◽  
I Shrestha ◽  
BL Shrestha ◽  
K Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
History Taking ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Intraoral Approach ◽  
3D Ct Scan ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Eagle’s syndrome (Elongated styloid process) is often misdiagnosed due to its vague symptomatology. The diagnosis relies on detail history taking, palpation of styloid process in tonsillar fossa and imaging modalities.Objective To assess the length and medial angulation of elongated styloid process with the help of three dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scan and to describe our clinical and surgical experience with patients suffering from Eagle’s syndrome.Method Prospective, analytical study conducted from August 2011 to August 2012 among 39 patients with Eagle’s syndrome. Detailed history taking, clinical examination and 3D CT scan was performed. Length and medial angulation was calculated. Patients with styloid process length longer than 2.50 cm underwent surgical excision via intraoral approach. Medial angulation of styloid process on both sides was correlated with each other using rank correlation coefficient. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was applied to test significant difference between pre-operative and post-operative symptoms scores.Result Significant positive correlation was found between the medial angulation of styloid process on right side and left side (? =0.81, p<0.001). Significant difference was also observed between pre and post-operative symptoms scores (z=-5.16, p<0.001) .Conclusion Possibility of Eagle’s syndrome should always be considered while examining patients with vague neck pain. 3D CT reconstruction is a gold standard investigation which helps in studying the relation of styloid process with surrounding structures along with accurate measurement of its length and medial angulation.Kathmandu Univ Med J 2013; 11(4): 305-309

Kirschner wire fixation for scaphoid fractures: an experimental study in synthetic bones

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gokce ◽  
H. Oflaz ◽  
A. Dulgeroglu ◽  
A. Bora ◽  
I. Gunal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Kirschner Wire ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Biomechanical Stability ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Kirschner Wire Fixation ◽  
Wire Fixation ◽  
K Wires

We have studied the biomechanical stability in vitro of three different Kirschner (K) wire configurations in three types of simulated scaphoid waist fractures. The fractures were created with a saw in Sawbones models. There were three fracture patterns: perpendicular to the long axis of the scaphoid model; and 30° and 20° oblique to that. Two 1.2 mm. K-wires were used in each scaphoid. The three configurations were: parallel; 20° oblique; and crossing. The oblique or crossing configurations of K-wires were the most stable depending on the fracture pattern.

scholarly journals Preoperative Evaluation of Blood Vessel Anatomy Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography for Laparoscopic Surgery of Transverse Colon Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Ishizaki ◽  
Kenji Katsumata ◽  
Masayuki Hisada ◽  
Masanobu Enomoto ◽  
Takaaki Matsudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Transverse Colon ◽  
Resection Margin ◽  
Transverse Colon Cancer ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Vessel Anatomy

This study describes the efficacy of the evaluation of blood vessel anatomy by 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) for laparoscopic surgery for transverse colon cancer (TCC). A total of 102 patients with TCC were examined by preoperative 3D-CT to clarify their blood vessel anatomy at Tokyo Medical University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015, before undergoing laparoscopic surgery using the obtained 3D-CT data. Regarding blood vessel variation, the middle colic artery (MCA) was present in all patients (100%). The common duct type was observed in 89 patients (87.3%), and a type of branch separate from the superior mesenteric artery was observed in 13 patients (12.7%). The accessory MCA was present in 25 patients (24.5%). The middle colic vein was present in all patients (100%), and it drained into the following vessels: the superior mesenteric vein, gastrocolic trunk, first jejunal vein, and inferior mesenteric vein [67 (65.8%), 25 (24.5%) 8 (7.8%), and 2 (1.9%) patients, respectively]. Regarding the surgical outcome, the bleeding volume was 43 g, the operative time was 218 minutes, the number of harvested lymph nodes was 21, the proximal resection margin was 164 mm, the distal resection margin was 105 mm, and the length of postoperative hospital stay was 10 days. Although complicated variations and anomalies in the MCA and the contiguous veins were observed, preoperative 3D-CT will be useful for surgeons performing laparoscopic surgery on patients with TCC.

scholarly journals Method of Individual Adjustment for 3D CT Analysis: Linear Measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Kyu Kim ◽  
Dong Hun Choi ◽  
Jeong Woo Lee ◽  
Jung Dug Yang ◽  
Ho Yun Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
The Real ◽  
Bone Surgery ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication

Introduction. We aim to regularize measurement values in three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstructed images for higher-precision 3D analysis, focusing on length-based 3D cephalometric examinations.Methods. We measure the linear distances between points on different skull models using Vernier calipers (real values). We use 10 differently tilted CT scans for 3D CT reconstruction of the models and measure the same linear distances from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). In both cases, each measurement is performed three times by three doctors, yielding nine measurements. The real values are compared with the PACS values. Each PACS measurement is revised based on the display field of view (DFOV) values and compared with the real values.Results. The real values and the PACS measurement changes according to tilt value have no significant correlations (p>0.05). However, significant correlations appear between the real values and DFOV-adjusted PACS measurements (p<0.001). Hence, we obtain a correlation expression that can yield real physical values from PACS measurements. The DFOV value intervals for various age groups are also verified.Conclusion. Precise confirmation of individual preoperative length and precise analysis of postoperative improvements through 3D analysis is possible, which is helpful for facial-bone-surgery symmetry correction.

scholarly journals Proposal of new classification of femoral trochanteric fracture by three-dimensional computed tomography and relationship to usual plain X-ray classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949901769270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuo Shoda ◽  
Shimpei Kitada ◽  
Yu Sasaki ◽  
Hitoshi Hirase ◽  
Takahiro Niikura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Trochanteric Fractures ◽  
Greater Trochanter ◽  
Lesser Trochanter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ct Classification ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Classification of femoral trochanteric fractures is usually based on plain X-ray findings using the Evans, Jensen, or AO/OTA classification. However, complications such as nonunion and cut out of the lag screw or blade are seen even in stable fracture. This may be due to the difficulty of exact diagnosis of fracture pattern in plain X-ray. Computed tomography (CT) may provide more information about the fracture pattern, but such data are scarce. In the present study, it was performed to propose a classification system for femoral trochanteric fractures using three-dimensional CT (3D-CT) and investigate the relationship between this classification and conventional plain X-ray classification. Methods: Using three-dimensional (3D)-CT, fractures were classified as two, three, or four parts using combinations of the head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, and shaft. We identified five subgroups of three-part fractures according to the fracture pattern involving the greater and lesser trochanters. In total, 239 femoral trochanteric fractures (45 men, 194 women; average age, 84.4 years) treated in four hospitals were classified using our 3D-CT classification. The relationship between this 3D-CT classification and the AO/OTA, Evans, and Jensen X-ray classifications was investigated. Results: In the 3D-CT classification, many fractures exhibited a large oblique fragment of the greater trochanter including the lesser trochanter. This fracture type was recognized as unstable in the 3D-CT classification but was often classified as stable in each X-ray classification. Conclusions: It is difficult to evaluate fracture patterns involving the greater trochanter, especially large oblique fragments including the lesser trochanter, using plain X-rays. The 3D-CT shows the fracture line very clearly, making it easy to classify the fracture pattern.

scholarly journals G2-metrics arising from non-integrable special Lagrangian fibrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Chihara
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Symmetric Matrix ◽  
Positive Definite ◽  
Special Lagrangian ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Group ◽  
Constrained Dynamical Systems ◽  
Definite Symmetric Matrix ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Torsion Free

AbstractWe study special Lagrangian fibrations of SU(3)-manifolds, not necessarily torsion-free. In the case where the fiber is a unimodular Lie group G, we decompose such SU(3)-structures into triples of solder 1-forms, connection 1-forms and equivariant 3 × 3 positive-definite symmetric matrix-valued functions on principal G-bundles over 3-manifolds. As applications, we describe regular parts of G2-manifolds that admit Lagrangian-type 3-dimensional group actions by constrained dynamical systems on the spaces of the triples in the cases of G = T3 and SO(3).

scholarly journals Imaging of the Unstable Shoulder

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Baudi ◽  
Manuela Rebuzzi ◽  
Giovanni Matino ◽  
Fabio Catani
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defects ◽  
Anterior Dislocation ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
En Face ◽  
Face View

Background: Unstable shoulder can occur in different clinical scenarios with a broad spectrum of symptoms and presentations: first-time (or recurrent) traumatic acute shoulder anterior dislocation or chronic anterior instability after repeated dislocations. Imaging in unstable shoulder is fundamental for choosing the right treatment preventing recurrence. The goal of imaging depends on clinical scenario and patient characteristics. Method: Careful selection and evaluation of the imaging procedures is therefore essential to identify, characterize and quantify the lesions. Proper imaging in unstable shoulder cases is critical to the choice of treatment to prevent recurrence, and to plan surgical intervention. Results: In acute setting, radiographs have to roughly detect and characterize the bone defects present. At about 7 days, it is recommended to perform a MR to demonstrate lesions to labrum and/or ligaments and bone defects: in acute setting, the MRA is not necessary, because of effusion and hemarthrosis that behave as the contrast medium. In recurrence, it is fundamental not only to detect lesions but characterize them for planning the treatment. The first study to do is the MRI (with a magnetic field of at least 1.5 Tesla), and if possible MRA, above all in younger patients. Then, on the basis of the pathologic findings as bipolar lesion or severity of bone defects, CT can be performed. PICO method on 2D or 3D CT is helpful if you need to study a glenoid bone loss, with the “en face view” of glenoid, while a 3D CT reconstruction with the humeral head “en face view” is the gold standard to assess an Hill-Sachs lesion. Conclusion: The clinical diagnoses of anterior shoulder instability can be different and acknowledgement of imaging findings is essential to guide the treatment choice. Imaging features are quite different in chronic than in acute scenario. This requires appropriate indications of many different imaging techniques.

Development of a 3-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscope (3D-ISM) for the Observation to Biological Organisms.

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Yokota ◽  
Ken-ichi Kudoh ◽  
Kahei Sato ◽  
Toshiro Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
True Color Image ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Biological Organisms

We developed a new type 3-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscope (3D-ISM) for the observation of internal structures of samples. The internal structure of a sample is obtained by cutting it into thin slices and observing the cutting side continuously while cutting. The position of the camera, as well as the sample position are fixed. Therefore there is no shift between the sections, and this system can obtain a true color image of the sample, which is a high resolution and a high-quality three-dimensional image compared with X-ray CT and MRI. After repeatedly slicing a sample, the digital image data from the sectional views is transferred to a computer, where 3-dimensional images of the internal structure of the sample are reconstructed. Using this system we analyzed many biological organisms. In this paper, a mouse specimen has been cut and the 3-dimensional images are shown.This article presents the outline of the device and the principle of the observation. FIG.l shows a corresponding block diagram and Fig. 2 a schematic view of the 3D-ISM.

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