Development of a 3-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscope (3D-ISM) for the Observation to Biological Organisms.

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Yokota ◽  
Ken-ichi Kudoh ◽  
Kahei Sato ◽  
Toshiro Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
True Color Image ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Biological Organisms

We developed a new type 3-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscope (3D-ISM) for the observation of internal structures of samples. The internal structure of a sample is obtained by cutting it into thin slices and observing the cutting side continuously while cutting. The position of the camera, as well as the sample position are fixed. Therefore there is no shift between the sections, and this system can obtain a true color image of the sample, which is a high resolution and a high-quality three-dimensional image compared with X-ray CT and MRI. After repeatedly slicing a sample, the digital image data from the sectional views is transferred to a computer, where 3-dimensional images of the internal structure of the sample are reconstructed. Using this system we analyzed many biological organisms. In this paper, a mouse specimen has been cut and the 3-dimensional images are shown.This article presents the outline of the device and the principle of the observation. FIG.l shows a corresponding block diagram and Fig. 2 a schematic view of the 3D-ISM.

Observation of the Internal Structure of a Biological Sample using a Fluoresence Type 3-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscope

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Hideo YOKOTA ◽  
Sakiko NAKAMURA ◽  
Akitake MAKTNOUCHI ◽  
Toshiro HIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Type 3

We developed a new type 3-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscope (3D-ISM) for the observation of internal structures of samples. The internal structure of a sample is obtained by cutting it into thin slices and observing the cutting side continuously while cutting. The position of the camera, as well as the sample position are fixed. Therefore there is no shift between the sections, and this system can obtain a true color image of the sample, which is a high resolution and a high-quality three-dimensional image compared with X-ray CT and MRI. After repeatedly slicing a sample, the digital image data from the sectional views is transferred to a computer, where 3-dimensional images of the internal structure of the sample are reconstructed. Using this system we analyzed many biological organisms. Just now, we are developing the system which builds in a fluorescent microscope. in this paper, We therefore observed fluorescent-stained samples by a fluorescence microscope installed in the 3D-ISM instrument are shown.This article presents the outline of the device and the principle of the observation. This system, consisting of a slicing device, reflecting optical microscope, a CCD camera, a laser video recorder, a PC-based control system and an image processing workstation. FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the cross secsional machine. Before slicing, the sample is embedded into either paraffin or OCT compound. Subsequently, the sample is positioned into a cross-sectioning machine for the slicing operation, which is performed using a cutting blade. The maximum size of the sample which can be observed with this device is ϕ 8x10mm. The thickness of the slices can be adjusted mechanically between 0.5-10 μ m. The cutting speed can range from 0.5 to 4 slices/ s. Each cross-section is viewed by employing a epi-fluoresence microscope and a CCD camera. The object lens used for the observation can use the x2-80. The resulting image is recorded on a laser video disc. After the slicing operation, the 3D sample image is reconstructed on the basis of volume rendering by using a Workstation. These observations can be completely done by full automation.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

An Image Reconstruction System Applied to High Voltage Microscopy

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
D. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Fourier Methods ◽  
Tilt Series ◽  
Methods Of Reconstruction

Increased specimen penetration; the principle advantage of high voltage microscopy, is accompanied by an increased need to utilize information on three dimensional specimen structure available in the form of two dimensional projections (i.e. micrographs). We are engaged in a program to develop methods which allow the maximum use of information contained in a through tilt series of micrographs to determine three dimensional speciman structure.In general, we are dealing with structures lacking in symmetry and with projections available from only a limited span of angles (±60°). For these reasons, we must make maximum use of any prior information available about the specimen. To do this in the most efficient manner, we have concentrated on iterative, real space methods rather than Fourier methods of reconstruction. The particular iterative algorithm we have developed is given in detail in ref. 3. A block diagram of the complete reconstruction system is shown in fig. 1.

Design and calibration of an IVEM for general 3-dimensional imaging of non-diffracting materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1040-1041
Author(s):  
Neil Rowlands ◽  
Jeff Price ◽  
Michael Kersker ◽  
Seichi Suzuki ◽  
Steve Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Microstructure ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
Digital Correlation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Mechanical Stage ◽  
Projection Angle

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructure visualization on the electron microscope requires that the sample be tilted to different positions to collect a series of projections. This tilting should be performed rapidly for on-line stereo viewing and precisely for off-line tomographic reconstruction. Usually a projection series is collected using mechanical stage tilt alone. The stereo pairs must be viewed off-line and the 60 to 120 tomographic projections must be aligned with fiduciary markers or digital correlation methods. The delay in viewing stereo pairs and the alignment problems in tomographic reconstruction could be eliminated or improved by tilting the beam if such tilt could be accomplished without image translation.A microscope capable of beam tilt with simultaneous image shift to eliminate tilt-induced translation has been investigated for 3D imaging of thick (1 μm) biologic specimens. By tilting the beam above and through the specimen and bringing it back below the specimen, a brightfield image with a projection angle corresponding to the beam tilt angle can be recorded (Fig. 1a).

High-speed brightfield 3-D imaging and 3-D image analysis of thick and overlapped cell clusters in cytological preparations

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Robert W. Mackin
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Array Processor ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Computer Controlled

This paper presents two advances towards the automated three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of thick and heavily-overlapped regions in cytological preparations such as cervical/vaginal smears. First, a high speed 3-D brightfield microscope has been developed, allowing the acquisition of image data at speeds approaching 30 optical slices per second. Second, algorithms have been developed to detect and segment nuclei in spite of the extremely high image variability and low contrast typical of such regions. The analysis of such regions is inherently a 3-D problem that cannot be solved reliably with conventional 2-D imaging and image analysis methods.High-Speed 3-D imaging of the specimen is accomplished by moving the specimen axially relative to the objective lens of a standard microscope (Zeiss) at a speed of 30 steps per second, where the stepsize is adjustable from 0.2 - 5μm. The specimen is mounted on a computer-controlled, piezoelectric microstage (Burleigh PZS-100, 68/μm displacement). At each step, an optical slice is acquired using a CCD camera (SONY XC-11/71 IP, Dalsa CA-D1-0256, and CA-D2-0512 have been used) connected to a 4-node array processor system based on the Intel i860 chip.

Pencarian File Gambar Berdasarkan Dominasi Warna

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vina Chovan Epifania ◽  
Eko Sediyono
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Image Search ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Application Form ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Image File

Abstract. Image File Searching Based on Color Domination. One characteristic of an image that can be used in image searching process is the composition of the colors. Color is a trait that is easily seen by man in the picture. The use of color as a searching parameter can provide a solution in an easier searching for images stored in computer memory. Color images have RGB values that can be computed and converted into HSL color space model. Use of HSL images model is very easy because it can be calculated using a percent, so that in each pixel of the image can be grouped and named, this can give a dominant values of the colors contained in one image. By obtaining these values, the image search can be done quickly just by using these values to a retrieval system image file. This article discusses the use of the HSL color space model to facilitate the searching for a digital image in the digital image data warehouse. From the test results of the application form, a searching is faster by using the colors specified by the user. Obstacles encountered were still searching with a choice of 15 basic colors available, with a limit of 33% dominance of the color image search was not found. This is due to the dominant color in each image has the most dominant value below 33%.   Keywords: RGB, HSL, image searching Abstrak. Salah satu ciri gambar yang dapat dipergunakan dalam proses pencarian gambar adalah komposisi warna. Warna adalah ciri yang mudah dilihat oleh manusia dalam citra gambar. Penggunaan warna sebagai parameter pencarian dapat memberikan solusi dalam memudahkan pencarian gambar yang tersimpan dalam memori komputer. Warna gambar memiliki nilai RGB yang dapat dihitung dan dikonversi ke dalam model HSL color space. Penggunaan model gambar HSL sangat mudah karena dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan persen, sehingga dalam setiap piksel gambar dapat dikelompokan dan diberi nama, hal ini dapat memberikan suatu nilai dominan dari warna yang terdapat dalam satu gambar. Dengan diperolehnya nilai tersebut, pencarian gambar dapat dilakukan dengan cepat hanya dengan menggunakan nilai tersebut pada sistem pencarian file gambar. Artikel ini membahas tentang penggunaan model HSL color space untuk mempermudah pencarian suatu gambar digital didalam gudang data gambar digital. Dari hasil uji aplikasi yang sudah dibuat, diperoleh pencarian yang lebih cepat dengan menggunakan pilihan warna yang ditentukan sendiri oleh pengguna. Kendala yang masih dijumpai adalah pencarian dengan pilihan 15 warna dasar yang tersedia, dengan batas dominasi warna 33% tidak ditemukan gambar yang dicari. Hal ini disebabkan warna dominan disetiap gambar kebanyakan memiliki nilai dominan di bawah 33%. Kata Kunci: RGB, HSL, pencarian gambar

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Silk Fibroin-Based Hydrogels and Their Potential as Material for 3-Dimensional (3D) Printing

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3887
Author(s):  
Watcharapong Pudkon ◽  
Chavee Laomeephol ◽  
Siriporn Damrongsakkul ◽  
Sorada Kanokpanont ◽  
Juthamas Ratanavaraporn
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Critical Technology ◽  
Box Structure ◽  
High Degree

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is regarded as a critical technology in material engineering for biomedical applications. From a previous report, silk fibroin (SF) has been used as a biomaterial for tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and robust mechanical properties which provide a potential as material for 3D-printing. In this study, SF-based hydrogels with different formulations and SF concentrations (1–3%wt) were prepared by natural gelation (SF/self-gelled), sodium tetradecyl sulfate-induced (SF/STS) and dimyristoyl glycerophosphorylglycerol-induced (SF/DMPG). From the results, 2%wt SF-based (2SF) hydrogels showed suitable properties for extrusion, such as storage modulus, shear-thinning behavior and degree of structure recovery. The 4-layer box structure of all 2SF-based hydrogel formulations could be printed without structural collapse. In addition, the mechanical stability of printed structures after three-step post-treatment was investigated. The printed structure of 2SF/STS and 2SF/DMPG hydrogels exhibited high stability with high degree of structure recovery as 70.4% and 53.7%, respectively, compared to 2SF/self-gelled construct as 38.9%. The 2SF/STS and 2SF/DMPG hydrogels showed a great potential to use as material for 3D-printing due to its rheological properties, printability and structure stability.

scholarly journals Generation and Annotation of Simulation-Real Ship Images for Convolutional Neural Networks Training and Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5931
Author(s):  
Ji’an You ◽  
Zhaozheng Hu ◽  
Chao Peng ◽  
Zhiqiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Image Annotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Annotation Method ◽  
Detection Of Objects

Large amounts of high-quality image data are the basis and premise of the high accuracy detection of objects in the field of convolutional neural networks (CNN). It is challenging to collect various high-quality ship image data based on the marine environment. A novel method based on CNN is proposed to generate a large number of high-quality ship images to address this. We obtained ship images with different perspectives and different sizes by adjusting the ships’ postures and sizes in three-dimensional (3D) simulation software, then 3D ship data were transformed into 2D ship image according to the principle of pinhole imaging. We selected specific experimental scenes as background images, and the target ships of the 2D ship images were superimposed onto the background images to generate “Simulation–Real” ship images (named SRS images hereafter). Additionally, an image annotation method based on SRS images was designed. Finally, the target detection algorithm based on CNN was used to train and test the generated SRS images. The proposed method is suitable for generating a large number of high-quality ship image samples and annotation data of corresponding ship images quickly to significantly improve the accuracy of ship detection. The annotation method proposed is superior to the annotation methods that label images with the image annotation software of Label-me and Label-img in terms of labeling the SRS images.

Clinical Utility of an Exoskeleton Robot Using 3-Dimensional Scanner Modeling in Burn Patient: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Joo ◽  
Seung Yeol Lee ◽  
Yoon Soo Cho ◽  
Sangho Yi ◽  
Cheong Hoon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
3D Technology ◽  
Early Management ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Exoskeleton Robot ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Upper Limb Dysfunction

Abstract Hands are the part of the body that are most commonly involved in burns, and the main complications are finger joint contractures and nerve injuries. Hypertrophic scarring cannot be avoided despite early management of acute hand burn injuries, and some patients may need application of an exoskeleton robot to restore hand function. To do this, it is essential to individualize the customization of the robot for each patient. Three-dimensional (3D) technology, which is widely used in the field of implants, anatomical models, and tissue fabrication, makes this goal achievable. Therefore, this report is a study on the usefulness of an exoskeleton robot using 3D technology for patients who lost bilateral hand function due to burn injury. Our subject was a 45-year-old man with upper limb dysfunction of 560 days after a flame and chemical burn injury, with resultant impairment of manual physical abilities. After wearing an exoskeleton robot made using 3D printing technology, he could handle objects effectively and satisfactorily. This innovative approach provided considerable advantages in terms of customization of size and reduction in manufacturing time and costs, thereby showing great potential for use in patients with hand dysfunction after burn injury.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document