scholarly journals The relationship between the fluency of associations within semantic memory and involuntary autobiographical memories

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Shunji KAMIYA
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
The Relationship

Solving Anagrams: Category Priming and the Differential Availability of Category Solutions

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Schuberth ◽  
Kathryn T. Spoehr ◽  
Robert J. Haertel
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Solution Word ◽  
Anagram Solution ◽  
Taxonomic Category ◽  
Category Priming ◽  
The Relationship

An experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that the effect of category name priming on anagram solving varies with the strength of the relationship between the solution word and the priming category. Subjects solved anagrams of taxonomic category instances under primed or unprimed conditions. In the primed condition, the name of the taxonomic category from which the solution word was chosen was provided on each trial. Priming was shown to facilitate anagram solution and the extent of this facilitation was directly related to the instance dominance of the solution word in the priming category. The results were discussed in terms of current models of semantic memory.

The Relationship Between Problem-Solving and Autobiographical Memory in Parasuicide Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Sidley ◽  
Kim Whitaker ◽  
Rachel M. Calam ◽  
Adrian Wells
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
City District ◽  
Interpersonal Problem Solving ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between effectiveness of interpersonal problem-solving and specificity of autobiographical memory was examined for 35 patients admitted to an inner-city District General Hospital following a deliberate drug-overdose. The results replicated those of Evans, Williams, O'Loughlin and Howells (1992) in finding a significant correlation between ineffective problem-solving and the over-general retrieval of autobiographical memories, giving further support to the suggestion that an over-general memory database may underpin the problem-solving deficits characteristic of parasuicide patients. However, the correlation coefficient computed was notably lower than in the Evans et al. study and an attempt is made to explain this discrepancy on the basis of differences in the levels of psychopathology between the patients involved in each study.

scholarly journals A review of autobiographical memory studies on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujia Zhang ◽  
Sara K. Kuhn ◽  
Laura Jobson ◽  
Shamsul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Memory Specificity ◽  
Autobiographical Memory Specificity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders demonstrate various cognitive deficiencies, the most pertinent one being impairment in autobiographical memory. This paper reviews quantitative research investigating deficits in the content, and characteristics, of autobiographical memories in individuals with schizophrenia. It also examines if the method used to activate autobiographical memories influenced the results and which theoretical accounts were proposed to explain the defective recall of autobiographical memories in patients with schizophrenia. Methods PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched for articles published between January 1998 and December 2018. Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies implemented the generative retrieval strategy by inducing memories through cue words or pictures, the life-stage method, or open-ended retrieval method. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement guidelines were followed for this review. Results Most studies reported that patients with schizophrenia retrieve less specific autobiographical memories when compared to a healthy control group, while only three studies indicated that both groups performed similarly on memory specificity. Patients with schizophrenia also exhibited earlier reminiscence bumps than those for healthy controls. The relationship between comorbid depression and autobiographical memory specificity appeared to be independent because patients’ memory specificity improved through intervention, but their level of depression remained unchanged. The U-shaped retrieval pattern for memory specificity was not consistent. Both the connection between the history of attempted suicide and autobiographical memory specificity, and the relationship between psychotic symptoms and autobiographical memory specificity, remain inconclusive. Patients’ memory specificity and coherence improved through cognitive training. Conclusions The overgeneral recall of autobiographical memory by patients with schizophrenia could be attributed to working memory, the disturbing concept of self, and the cuing method implemented. The earlier reminiscence bump for patients with schizophrenia may be explained by the premature closure of the identity formation process due to the emergence of psychotic symptoms during early adulthood. Protocol developed for this review was registered in PROSPERO (registration no: CRD42017062643).

Autobiographical memory and problem-solving strategies of parasuicide patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Evans ◽  
J. M. G. Williams ◽  
S. O'Loughlin ◽  
K. Howells
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

SYNOPSISRecent research has noted the tendency of parasuicide patients to retrieve over-general autobiographical memories. Separate studies suggest problem-solving deficits within this group.The present study was concerned first with replicating these findings and, secondly, with developing a model of the relationship between over-general memory recall and poor problem-solving abilities in parasuicide patients. Anger and hopelessness were measured as markers for mood.In line with the hypotheses, the parasuicide group (N = 12) produced significantly over-general memories in contrast to a matched control group (N = 12). This occurred significantly in relation to positive cues, and latency to first responses was significantly delayed in the parasuicide group. The parasuicide group also provided fewer and less-effective problem-solving strategies than the control group, and a significant association was found between low effectiveness of problem-solving strategies and over-general memory recall in the parasuicide group. Anger and hopelessness levels were significantly higher within the parasuicide group in line with previous findings.The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Different Temporal Patterns of Specific and General Autobiographical Memories across the Lifespan in Alzheimer’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Philippi ◽  
François Rousseau ◽  
Vincent Noblet ◽  
Anne Botzung ◽  
Olivier Després ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Temporal Gradient ◽  
Repeated Events ◽  
The Relationship

We compared specific (i.e., associated with a unique time and space) and general (i.e., extended or repeated events) autobiographical memories (AbM) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The comparison aims at investigating the relationship between these two components of AbM across the lifespan and the volume of cerebral regions of interest within the temporal lobe. We hypothesized that the ability to elicit specific memories would correlate with hippocampal volume, whereas evoking general memories would be related to lateral temporal lobe. AbM was assessed using the modified Crovitz test in 18 patients with early AD and 18 matched controls. The proportions of total memories—supposed to reflect the ability to produce general memories—and specific memories retrieved were compared between AD patients and controls. Correlations to MRI volumes of temporal cortex were tested. We found different temporal patterns for specific and general memories in AD patients, with (i) relatively spared general memories, according to a temporal gradient that preserved remote memories, predominantly associated with right lateral temporal cortex volume. (ii) Conversely, the retrieval of specific AbMs was impaired for all life periods and correlated with bilateral hippocampal volumes. Our results highlight a shift from an initially episodic to a semantic nature of AbMs during AD, where the abstracted form of memories remains.

scholarly journals Vital memories: Movements in and between affect, ethics and self

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D Brown ◽  
Paula Reavey
Keyword(s):  
Memory Studies ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Personal Commitment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Problematic Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

The focus on the practice of remembering has been highly productive for memory studies, but it creates difficulties in understanding personal commitment to particular versions of the past. Autobiographical memories of difficult and distressing past episodes – or ‘vital memories’ – require extensive and ongoing management. We describe the issues that arise when vital memories are expressed across a range of specific interactional contexts. Seven themes – autobiography, agency, forgetting, ethics, affect, space and institutional practices – are discussed. Each theme draws out a particular facet of the relationship between the content and contexts of vital memories and demonstrates that while vital memories frame problematic experiences, they remain essential for those who express them.

Wisdom and Meaning in Emerging Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Dean Webster ◽  
Nic M. Weststrate ◽  
Michel Ferrari ◽  
Melanie Munroe ◽  
Thomas W. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Presence Of Meaning ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Relationship

Wisdom and meaning are important developments in emerging adulthood. In two studies, we investigated the relationship between wisdom and meaning using self-report measures (Study 1; N = 298) and narrative coding (Study 2; N = 271). Study 1 supported the hypothesis that the search for and presence of meaning in life were both positively correlated with wisdom. The presence of meaning partially mediated the relationship between wisdom and positive self-characteristics (i.e., optimism and self-esteem). Study 2 extended these results by coding two styles of narrative meaning-making in autobiographical memories of stressful life events. As predicted, wisdom was positively associated with exploratory processing (i.e., deriving lessons and insights) in stressful memories but uncorrelated with redemptive processing (i.e., aimed at positive emotional transformation). Results suggest a possible pathway through which wisdom and meaning influence positive self-development and the importance of styles of narrative meaning-making that differentially predict wisdom.

scholarly journals From words-as-mappings to words-as-cues: The role of language in semantic knowledge

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Lupyan ◽  
Molly Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perception Action

Semantic knowledge (or semantic memory) refers to knowledge we have about the world. For example, we know that knives are typically sharp, made of metal, and that they are tools used for cutting. To what kinds of experiences do we owe such knowledge? Most work has stressed the role of direct experiences involving perceiving and acting on the world. Another kind, considerably less well understood, is language. We review two ways of thinking about the relationship between language and semantic knowledge: (i) language as mapping onto independently-acquired concepts, and (ii) language as cues to meaning, constructing semantic knowledge from both perception/action. We highlight some problems with the words-as- mappings view, and argue in favor of the words-as-cues alternative. We then review evidence for the role of language on the activation of semantic knowledge, emphasizing the potential of distributional semantics models to help us understand this relationship. We conclude by describing several promising directions for future research.

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