scholarly journals Eco-friendly ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods for the determination of clotrimazole and tinidazole in bulk and ointment dosage form

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanaka Parvathi Kannaiah ◽  
Abimanyu Sugumaran
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Stock Solutions

Analyzing a drug over its overlapped spectra utilizes sophisticated instruments and more toxic solvents, which has a deleterious effect on environmental safety. There is an alarming need to develop a simple, novel, and cost-effective method for determining combined substances that are non-toxic to the environment. So, the study aimed to develop four simple, fast and eco-friendly spectrophotometric techniques for quantifying clotrimazole and tinidazole in bulk and ointment dosage form. Stock solutions produced at concentrations of 7 to 13 and 17.5 to 32.5 µg/mL of clotrimazole and tinidazole in 10% v/v ethanol and scanned in the UV-visible range 200-450 nm, and used for all methods. The methods were validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines and found to be within limits. Additionally, the outliers were tested by using the Grubbers test and found within limits. Finally, green evaluation studies show that the method is more environmentally friendly, as confirmed by four assessment tools.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Quinfamide and Mebendazole in in-house Pharmaceutical Formulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajinkya G. Dhandar ◽  
Saurabh B. Ganorkar ◽  
Amod S. Patil ◽  
Atul A. Shirkhedkar
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Development And Validation

The present work described the development of two simple, accurate, rapid, cost effective and reproducible UV-Spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous estimation of Quinfamide and Mebendazole in bulk and in laboratory mixture using 0.01M methanolic HCl as a solvent. The absorption maximum for Quinfamide and Mebendazole were found to be at 260.00 nm and 232.40 nm respectively. Beer’s - lamberts was followed in concentration ranges of 1 - 6 μg/mL for Quinfamide and 2- 12 μg/mL for Mebendazole. The percentage recovery of Quinfamide and mebendazole ranged from 98.48 to 99.08 and 98.83 to 99.62 (Method I); from 98.14 to 98.93 and 99.16 to 99.35 (Method II) for Quinfamide and Mebendazole. The established methods were sensible for simultaneous quantitative determination of both these drugs in fixed dose combinations. Validation of both these methods was performed as per ICH guidelines. The developed methods can routinely be used for estimation of both these drugs in their combined dosage form.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Tramadol Hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenu Chaudhary ◽  
Nidhi S
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Solubility Studies ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Small Scale Industries

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and economic spectrophotometric technique for estimation of tramadol hydrochloride in 0.1N HCl have been developed. Tramadol Hydrochloride exhibit absorbance most 270nm when 0.1N HCl used as solvent proportion, so absorbance was once measured at the identical wavelengths for the determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride obeys Beer Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 20-180µg/ml. The present study describes development and validation of simple and economic UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride in bulk and injection dosage form using absorbance maxima method. Solubility studies indicated that a Tramadol Hydrochloride shows better solubility in proposed diluents i.e., 0.1N HCl solution the ? max of Tramadol Hydrochloride was found to be 270nm. Because of cost effective and minimal maintenance, the present UV spectrophotometric methods can be preferred at small scale industries as compared to other reported methods.

scholarly journals Synchronous fluorescence as a green and selective tool for simultaneous determination of bambuterol and its main degradation product, terbutaline

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 181359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Abo El Abass ◽  
Heba Elmansi
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Main Degradation Product ◽  
20 Nm

A green, sensitive and cost-effective method is introduced in this research for the determination of bambuterol and its main degradation product, terbutaline, simultaneously, relying on the synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric amplitude is measured at Δ λ = 20 nm, so bambuterol can be quantitated at 260 nm, and terbutaline can be measured at 290 nm, each at the zero crossing point of the other. The amplitude–concentration plots were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.2–6.0 µg ml −1 and 0.2–4.0 µg ml −1 for both bambuterol and terbutaline, respectively. Official guidelines were followed to calculate the validation parameters of the proposed method. The low values of limits of detection of 0.023, 0.056 µg ml −1 and limits of quantitation of 0.071, 0.169 µg ml −1 for bambuterol and terbutaline, respectively, point to the sensitivity of the method. Bambuterol is a prodrug for terbutaline, and the latter is considered its degradation product so the established method could be regarded as a stability-indicating one. Moreover, the proposed method was used for the analysis of bambuterol and terbutaline in their single ingredient preparations and the results revealed statistical agreement with the reference method. The suggested method, being a simple and low-cost procedure, is superior to the previously published methods which need more sophisticated techniques, longer analysis time and highly toxic solvents and reagents. It could be considered as an eco-friendly analytical procedure.

scholarly journals Spectrophometric Determination of Nelfinavir Mesylate

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vanitha Prakash ◽  
Jangala Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Potassium Ferricyanide ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Nelfinavir Mesylate ◽  
Bulk Drug ◽  
Tablet Dosage

Two new simple, sensitive, rapid and economical Spectrophotometric Methods (A and B) have been developed for the determination of Nelfinavir Mesylate in pharmaceutical bulk and tablet dosage form. The method A is based on the reaction of Nelfinavir with ferric chloride, potassium ferricyanide and hydrochloric acid to form a bluish green colored chromogen. The Method B is based on the formation of blood red colored chromogen with Ferric chloride and 1,10-phenanthroline. The absorbances of the chromogen were measured at their respective wavelength of maximum absorbance against the corresponding reagent blank. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of the bulk drug and its tablet dosage form. The methods have been statistically evaluated and were found to be precise and accurate.

Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir (HARVONI Tablet): Comparative Study with Two Generic Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisreen F Abo-Talib ◽  
Mohamed R El-Ghobashy ◽  
Marwa H Tammam
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Dosage Form ◽  
Generic Products ◽  
Third Derivative ◽  
Combination Pill

Abstract Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir are the first drugs in a combination pill to treat chronic hepatitis C virus. Simple, sensitive, and rapid spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in their combined dosage form. These methods were based on direct measurement of ledipasvir at 333 nm (due to the lack of interference of sofosbuvir) over a concentration range of 4.0–14.0 µg/mL, with a mean recovery of 100.78 ± 0.64%. Sofosbuvir was determined, without prior separation, by third-derivative values at 281 nm; derivative ratio values at 265.8 nm utilizing 5.0 µg/mL ledipasvir as a divisor; the ratio difference method using values at 270 and 250 nm using 5.0 µg/mL ledipasvir as a divisor; and the ratio subtraction method using values at 261 nm. These methods were found to be linear for sofosbuvir over a concentration range of 5.0–35.0 µg/mL. The suggested methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Statistical analysis of the results showed no significant difference between the proposed methods and the manufacturer's LC method of determination with respect to accuracy and precision. These methods were used to compare the equivalence of an innovator drug dosage form and two generic drug dosage forms of the same strength.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Color Reactions for Spectrophotometric Determination of Pitavastatin Calcium in Bulk Drugs and in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marothu Vamsi Krishna ◽  
Dannana Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pitavastatin Calcium ◽  
Color Reactions

Three simple, sensitive and cost effective Spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of pitavastatin calcium (PST) in bulk drugs and in pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the oxidation of PST by ferric chloride in presence ofo-phenanthroline (Method A) or 2, 2’ bipyridyl (Method B) or potassium ferricyanide (Method C). The colored complex formed was measured at 510, 530 and 755 nm for method A, B and C respectively against the reagent blank prepared in the same manner. The optimum experimental parameters for the color production are selected. Beer’s law is valid with in a concentration range of 4-20 μg mL-1for method A, 7.5-37.5 μg mL-1for method B and 5 -25 μg mL-1for method C. For more accurate results, ringbom optimum concentration ranges are 5-18 μg mL-1for method A , 8.5-35.5 μg mL-1for method B and 6.0-23.0 μg mL-1for method C. The molar absorptivities are 3.55x104, 2.10x104and 3.10x104L mol-1cm-1. Where as sandell sensitivities are 0.024, 0.041 and 0.028 μg cm-22 for method A, B and C respectively. The mean percentage recoveries are 99.95 for method A, 101.35 for method B and 100.33 for method C. The developed methods were applied for the determination of PST in bulk powder and in the pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from tablet excipients.

A simple, fast and cost effective method for detection and determination of dopamine in bovine serum

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolkarim Abbaspour ◽  
Hamed Valizadeh ◽  
Abdolreza Khajehzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method
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