Phytochemical analysis of commercially available Spirulina, their activities and Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles

Author(s):  
Monika M ◽  
K. Krishna Prema

Spirulina is used as dietary supplement in form of capsules and tablets. It is rich in Bioactive molecules and exhibits various activities. Commercially available Spirulina was collected. Extracts were prepared using various polar and non-polar solvents. The extracts were used for qualitative phytochemical analysis and to determine their Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Arthritic activity. Phytochemicals like Tannin, Carbohydrates and Glycosides were present in all the extracts, while others were present only in few extracts. Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles was done by using the extract. Chloroform extract and Nanoparticles showed higher Anti-Oxidant activity, Ethanol extract showed higher Anti-Inflammatory activity and Chloroform extract showed higher Anti-Arthritic activity.

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-252

ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIINFLAMATORIA DEL EXTRACTO ETANOLICO DE LOS TALLOS DE Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) R.M. King & H.Rob ``Zun Zun´´ Narciso León S, Luis Felix V, Juana Chávez F, Paola Quispe F Docentes y alumna de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Wiener. Av. Arequipa 440 – Lima DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2011.0054/ Resumen La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con el objeto de determinar científicamente la propiedad antiinflamatoria atribuida popularmente a la planta Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) R.M. King & H.Rob ``Zun Zun´´, utilizada para afecciones que implican procesos inflamatorios. Se evaluó la actividad antiinflamatoria mediante el Método del edema subplantar según Winter et. al. El método consiste en provocar una reacción inflamatoria en la pata posterior izquierda de los animales de experimentación, que puede ser reducida por las sustancias antiinflamatorias. Se utilizaron 18 ratones albinos (hembras y machos) cepa Balb C53 distribuidos en 6 grupos: control (sin tratamiento) ,3 grupos con extracto etanólico de tallos a dosis de 50 mg / Kg, 100 mg / Kg, 200 mg / Kg; 1 grupo con extracto etanólico de tallos hidrolizado a dosis de 160 mg/Kg y 1 grupo con indometacina en dosis de 10 mg/Kg. La aplicación de todos los tratamientos fue por vía oral. Los resultados farmacológicos indican que el tratamiento con extracto etanólico de los tallos de Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) R.M. King & H.Rob “Zun Zun”, a dosis de 200 mg/Kg es el que tiene mayor efectividad antiinflamatoria. Se realizó el análisis fitoquímico de los tallos de la planta, la cual reveló la presencia de azúcares, flavonoides, alcaloides, esteroides, cumarinas, taninos y aminoácidos. Palabras claves: Ageratina sternbergiana, actividad antiinflamatoria, método del edema subplantar, análisis fitoquímico. Abstract This research was conducted for determine scientifically the anti-inflammatory property attributed popularly to the plant Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) RM King & H. Rob ``Zun Zun´´, used for inflammation. The Antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by subplantar edema method according to Winter et . al. The method consist to cause inflammation in the left hind paw of the experimental animals, which can be reduced by the anti-inflammatory substances. We used 18 albino mice (male and female) strain Balb C53 in 6 groups: control (no treatment), 3 groups with ethanol extract of stems at doses of 50 mg / kg, 100 mg / kg, 200 mg / kg and 1 group hydrolyzed ethanol extract of stems at doses of 160 mg / kg and 1 group with indomethacin in doses of 10 mg / kg. The application of all treatments were oral. The pharmacological results indicate that treatment with ethanol extract of the stems of Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) RM King & H. Rob ``Zun Zun´´, at doses of 200 mg / kg is the one most effective anti-inflammatory. Phytochemical analysis was performed of the stems of the plant, which revealed the presence of sugars, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, coumarins, tannins and amino acids. Keywords: Ageratina sternbergiana, inflammatory activity, subplantar edema method, phytochemical analysis, flavonoids.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Aleksandrova ◽  
Mariia Nesterkina ◽  
Svitlana Gvozdii ◽  
Iryna Kravchenko

Introduction: The aim of this research is centered on phytochemical analysis and anti-inflammatory activity of Cladophora aegagropila extract. Methods: Total flavonoid content in the appropriate ethanol extract of C. aegagropila was determined using the spectrometric method. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the models of carrageenan-induced and allyl isothiocyanate-induced (AITC-induced) inflammation of hind limb in rats. Experimental animals were divided into 3 groups, 5 animals each: 1st group – control; the animals without therapy of induced inflammation, 2nd group – animals were treated with application of 5% ointment containing C. aegagropila; 3rd group – animals were treated with application of 5% ibuprofen. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity was performed by determination of dynamic change of thickness and volume of affected animal limb for carrageenan-induced inflammation for 8 days (with daily registration of records), and for AITC induced inflammation for 24 h (with registration of records after 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h since phlogogen was introduced). Results: Flavonoids content in C. aegagropila extract varied depending on ethanol concentration: usage of 40% ethanol led to 18.2 mg of flavonoid recovery on 1.0 g of dry raw material; 70% ethanol – 39.5 mg and 96% ethanol – 35.5 mg. Therapy of 5% ointment based on C. aegagropila extract decreased inflammatory response caused by the subplantar introduction of the corresponding phlogogen. Conclusion: The ointment from C. aegagropila extract shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting inflammation caused by AITC and carrageenan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2337-2345
Author(s):  
Bhupesh Chandra Semwal ◽  
Neha Singh and Shilpi Pathak

Turnip is an ancient edible plant belongs to family Braaicacaceae. Traditionally it is used for the treatment of various disorders such as diabetes, hepatotoxicity, ulcer, and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore the current investigation was attempted to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Brassica rapa root extract against complete fluids adjuvant induced inflammation in experimental animals. The Ethanol extract of Brassica rapa was prepared by a hot extraction procedure and phytochemical analysis of different extract was done by different chemical tests. Daily oral treatment of indomethacin, and extract for twenty-one days after three days of CFA administration significantly decrease the paw volume, hepatic biomarkers as well as ameliorated the level of a hematological parameter such as hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, ESR and bodyweight of experimental animals. From the result of the current investigation, it can be concluded that the Brassica rapa extract possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Further study is required to explore the mechanism responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity.


Author(s):  
Krishnaveni R ◽  
Rajan S.

Clerodendrum phlomid is was a common shrub of arid plains, low hills, and tropical deserts. It belongs to the family Verbenaceae. Many species of this genus have been documented in traditional system of medicine in India. The roots of the plant have been extensively studied in Ayurveda but in folk and traditional medicine, it is the leaf that finds more application in alleviating many diseases. Oxidation byproducts of metabolism was responsible for many pathophysiological conditions. Anti-oxidants are molecules that quench the free radicals. The present study aims at evaluating the in-vitro anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum phlomidis. The anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by three in vitro models, namely the DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and NO radical scavenging activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the RBC membrane Inhibition method. The aqueous extract was found to have better anti- oxidant activity than the ethanol extract in DPPH and NO radical scavenging activity. The RBC membrane inhibition method clearly states that the aqueous leaf extract of Clerodendrum phlomidis was found to have a comparatively an effective anti-inflammatory activity than ethanol extract.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
K Padmalochana

This present investigation stated that acetone and ethanol extract of M,oleifera leaves was estimated that presence of phytochemical constituents by biochemical test and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammation activity was assessed by calculating inhibition of protein denaturation, proteinase activity and membrane stabilization activity at different concentration of extract. The plant extract highly protective activity against heat induced protein denaturation and the IC50 results values 271.25±2.74 and 304.25±2.33μg/ml, for acetone and ethanol extract respectively. Heat induced haemolysis was 50% inhibited for acetone and ethanol extract at the concentration of 271.43±0.73 and 322.10±1.34 μg/ml, respectively. The membrane stabilization activity (IC50) was assessed by hypotonicity induced haemolysis at a concentration of 216.98±1.84 and 259.65±1.83μg/ml for acetone and ethanol extract, respectively. The results obtained in the present study indicate that ethanol extracts of M.oleifera leaves can be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents compared than acetone extract and standard drug. Keywords: Antinflammatory, plant extract, phytochemicals


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2384
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen S. Al-Omar ◽  
Salman A. A. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmad H. Alhowail ◽  
Hussein M. Eldeeb ◽  
...  

Salsola cyclophylla, an edible halophyte, is traditionally used for inflammation and pain. To confirm the claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, a detailed study on respective pharmacological actions was undertaken. The activities are contemplated to arise from its phytoconstituents. The LC-MS analysis of S. cyclophylla 95% aqueous-ethanolic extract revealed the presence of 52 compounds belonging to phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, and aliphatics class. A high concentration of Mn, Fe, and Zn was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest flavonoid contents (5.94 ± 0.04 mg/g, Quercetin Equivalents) and Fe2+-chelation (52%) potential with DPPH radicals-quenching IC50 at 1.35 ± 0.16 mg/mL, while the aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited maximum phenolics contents (136.08 ± 0.12 mg/g, gallic acid equivalents) with DPPH scavenging potential at IC50 0.615 ± 0.06 mg/mL. Aqueous ethanolic extract and standard quercetin DPPH radicals scavenging’s were equal potent at 10 mg/mL concentrations. The aqueous ethanolic extract showed highest analgesic effect with pain reduction rates 89.86% (p = 0.03), 87.50% (p < 0.01), and 99.66% (p = 0.0004) after 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited the highest anti-inflammation capacity at 41.07% (p < 0.0001), 34.51% (p < 0.0001), and 24.82% (p < 0.0001) after 2, 3, and 6 h of extract’s administration, respectively. The phytochemical constituents, significant anti-oxidant potential, remarkable analgesic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of extracts supported the traditionally claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic plant activities.


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina M. Toro ◽  
Diana M. Aragón ◽  
Luis F. Ospina ◽  
Freddy A. Ramos ◽  
Leonardo Castellanos

Physalis peruviana calyces are used extensively in folk medicine. The crude ethanolic extract and some fractions of calyces were evaluated in order to explore antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the TPA-induced ear edema model. The antioxidant in vitro activity was measured by means of the superoxide and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions. The butanolic fraction was found to be promising due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Therefore, a bio-assay guided approach was employed to isolate and identify rutin (1) and nicotoflorin (2) from their NMR spectroscopic and MS data. The identification of rutin in calyces of P. peruviana supports the possible use of this waste material for phytotherapeutic, nutraceutical and cosmetic preparations.


Author(s):  
Jyothi M ◽  
Ramchander Merugu

Benzoxazoles being structurally similar to bases adenine and guanine interact with biomolecules present in living systems. These compounds possess antimicrobial, central nervous system activities, antihyperglycemic potentiating activity, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. It can also be used as starting material for other bioactive molecules. Modifications in structure and the biological profiles of new generations of benzoxazoles were found to be more potent with enhanced biological activity. Considering all these, we have prepared this review and discussed the synthesis and biological activities of benzoxazoles.


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