scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN ELUSIDASI STRUKTUR SENYAWA DARI EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERINYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Senda Kartika Rakainsa ◽  
Khoirun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Cassia Alata

Skrining aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap 10 spesies tanaman obat yang secara empiris telah digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional di Indonesia, di antaranya umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa), herba ki tolod (Isotoma longiflora), buah ketepeng cina (Cassia alata), dan daun bluntas (Pluchea indica). Berdasarkan hasil skrining aktivitas antibakteri, ekstrak umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa) menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri paling dominan terhadap Bacillus subtilis dan Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi ekstrak 200 dan 100 μg/ml, serta terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae pada konsentrasi ekstrak 200 μg/ml. Purifikasi dan isolasi senyawa serta uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan untuk mengetahui senyawa yang bertanggung jawab atas aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak bawang dayak. Dari hasil purifikasi dan isolasi senyawa menggunakan MPLC, kolom kromatografi, serta KLT preparatif, dihasilkan suatu senyawa isolat (4 mg). Senyawa tersebut dianalisis menggunakan LR-EIMS serta 1D-2D NMR, dan selanjutnya diidentifikasi sebagai Hongconin. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak bawang dayak dan senyawa isolat menunjukkan hasil ekstrak bawang dayak mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri yang tergolong moderat/sedang terhadap B. subtilis, S. aureus, dan K. pneumoniae, ditunjukkan dengan nilai KHM antara 100-200 μg/ml. Sementara itu, senyawa isolat (Hongconin) mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri yang tergolong lemah terhadap semua jenis bakteri patogen yang diujikan, ditunjukkan dengan nilai KHM >200 μM. Kata kunci: bawang dayak, antibakteri, isolasi, Hongconin

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of soft and purified propolis extracts

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvydas Pavilonis ◽  
Algirdas Baranauskas ◽  
Ligita Puidokaitė ◽  
Žaneta Maželienė ◽  
Arūnas Savickas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Propolis Extract

Objective. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of soft and purified propolis extracts. Study object and methods. Antimicrobial activity of soft and purified propolis extracts was determined with reference cultures of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 33499, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12459, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 8035, and fungus Candida albicans ATCC 60193. Microbiological tests were performed under aseptic conditions. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) – the highest dilution of preparation (the lowest concentration of preparation) that suppresses growth of reference microorganisms – was determined. Results. Concentration of phenolic compounds in soft propolis extract that possesses antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis) is 0.587±0.054 mg and 0.587±0.054–0.394±0.022 mg (P>0.05) and in purified propolis extract – 0.427±0.044 mg and 0.256±0.02 mg (P>0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae is most resistant to soft propolis extract when the concentration of phenolic compounds is 1.119± 0.152 mg and to purified propolis extract when the concentration of phenolic compounds is 1.013±0.189 mg (P>0.05). Spore-forming Bacillus subtilis bacteria are more sensitive to soft and purified propolis extracts when the concentration of phenolic compounds is 0.134±0.002 mg and 0.075±0.025 mg, respectively, and Bacillus cereus – when the concentration is 0.394±0.022 mg and 0.256±0.02 mg (P>0.05). Sensitivity of fungus Candida albicans to soft and purified propolis extracts is the same as Bacillus subtilis. Encapsulated bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae is most resistant to antimicrobial action of soft and purified propolis extracts as compared with gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis bacteria (P<0.05), gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis (P<0.05), sporeforming Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus bacteria (P<0.05), and fungus Candida albicans (P<0.05). There is no statistically significant difference between antimicrobial effect of soft propolis extract and purified propolis extract on gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, encapsulated bacteria, and Candida fungus. Conclusions. Soft and purified propolis extracts possess antimicrobial activity. They could be recommended as natural preservatives in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products.

A Study of 3-Substituted Benzylidene-1,3-dihydro-indoline Derivatives as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süreyya Ölgen ◽  
Semiha Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Ampicillin Trihydrate

3-Substituted benzylidene-1,3-dihydro-indoline derivatives were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and for their their in vitro antifungal activity against Candida krusei and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by the 2-fold serial dilution technique in Mueller Hinton broth and Sabouraud dextrose agar using antibacterial and antifungal assays, respectively. For comparison of the antimicrobial activity, rifampicin, ampicillin trihydrate, gentamicin sulfate, and ofloxacin were used as reference antibacterial agents, and fl uconazole and amphotericin B were employed as reference antifungal agents. The most active compound 10 showed notable inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida krusei. Compounds 1 and 6 were found slightly effective against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In addition, compounds 13 and 14 showed inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Indole derivatives were also tested in vitro for replication of the HepAD38 cell line and compared with lamivudine (3TC, L-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine). The IC50 values of the compounds were found to be >1000 μM against HBV except for compound 13 which exhibited activity with an IC50 value of 500 μM.

scholarly journals Cribado de la actividad antimicrobiana de plantas panameñas de la familia Fabaceae

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandra Gómez Leija ◽  
Carmen Espino Castillero ◽  
Estela Guerrero De León ◽  
Juan Morán Pinzón ◽  
José Luis López Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides

<span>Extractos metanólicos de seis plantas pertenecientes a la familia Fabaceae, Albizia adinocephala (J.D.Sm.) Britt. &amp; Rose, Dalbergia brownei (Jacq.) Schinz, Diplotropis purpurea (Rich.) Amshoff, Machaeriumsp., Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. y de Ormosia coccinea (Aubl.) Jacks, fueron evaluados por el método de dilución en agar en busca de propiedades antimicrobianas. Albizia adinocephala mostró una marcada actividad frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM) a concentraciones de 250 y 125 µg/mL, respectivamente; a 500µg/mL, inhibió marcadamente a Escherichia coli y Bacillus subtilis. La actividad de Ormosia coccinea frente a Klebsiella pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus fue marcada a 250µg/mL y demostró una actividad entre moderada y marcada frente a cepas resistentes de Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasa (KPC) y SARM (1000 y 500 µg/mL, respectivamente). Machaerium sp. produjo una marcada actividad frente a todas las cepasGram positivas empleadas, resaltando su capacidad para inhibir a SARM (1000µg/mL). De Diplotropis purpurea y Macroptilium lathyroides es preciso resaltar su actividad frente a Klebsiella pneumoniae y Bacillus subtilis, respectivamente. Debido a su capacidad para inhibir SARM, Albizia adinocephala, Machaerium sp. y Ormosia coccinea, que además inhibió KPC, son las especies más interesantes para futuros estudios biodirigidos encaminados a aislar e identificar los principios bioactivos.</span>

scholarly journals Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Rhaponticum (Rhaponticum Carthamoides D.C. Iljin) and Shrubby Cinquefoil (Potentilla Fruticosa L.)

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Jurkštienė ◽  
Alvydas Pavilonis ◽  
Daiva Garšvienė ◽  
Algirdas Juozulynas ◽  
Laimutė Samsonienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Potentilla Fruticosa ◽  
Rhaponticum Carthamoides

The aim of the study was to determine antimicrobial activity of rhaponticum and shrubby cinquefoil extracts. Material and Methods. Ethanol extract from the leaves of rhaponticum (Rhaponticum carthamoides D.C. Iljin) and shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa L.) was produced at the Department of Food Technology, Kaunas University of Technology. The antimicrobial activity of the viscous extract or rhaponticum and shrubby cinquefoil was evaluated using standard microorganism cultures (bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 33499, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12459, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 8035 and fungi Candida albicans ATCC 60193). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the examined preparations was determined. Results. Both studied preparations – rhaponticum (Rhaponticum carthamoides D.C. Iljin) and shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa L.) – demonstrated similar antimicrobial activity. The highest sensitivity to the studied preparations was observed in microbes with eukaryotic cell structure: Candida albicans, which is a fungus, and a spore-forming prokaryotic bacterium, Bacillus cereus. The highest resistance was observed in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusions. The studied preparations – viscous extracts of rhaponticum and shrubby cinquefoil – are substances with antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis) bacteria, spore-forming bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus), and fungi (Candida albicans).

scholarly journals In-vitro antibacterial activity of sequential crude extracts from Datura stramonium seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Powar Priyatama V ◽  
Powar Trupti A
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

The growing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, particularly to pathogenic microorganisms, in current medicine, has directed the concern of scientists for finding novel antimicrobial agents from plant origin with negligible side effect. The present study was aimed to phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of seed extract of Datura stramonium in sequentially with different organic solvents. For this, antimicrobial properties were tested against bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis by cup plate method. Among the tested bacterial Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most inhibited majorly with the chloroform extract. Datura stramonium chloroform seed extract produced maximum zone of inhibition 26 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae and 12 mm against Bacillus subtilis and 13 mm against Escherichia coli. Datura Stramonium methanol seed extract produced maximum zone of inhibition 27 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 15 mm against Bacillus subtilis, 14 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 19 mm against Escherichia coli. Datura stramonium petroleum ether seed extract produced 16 mm zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli. Datura stramonium aqueous seed extract exhibits 24 mm zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis. All the experienced solvent extracts showed potential antimicrobial activity Index against various tested microorganisms. Owning to the results, it can be concluded that the extracts of the Datura stramonium can be used to design different herbal antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Hypogymnia tubulosa and Its 3-Hydroxyphysodic Acid Constituent

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meral Yılmaz ◽  
Turgay Tay ◽  
Merih Kıvanç ◽  
Hayrettin Türk ◽  
Ayşen Özdemir Türk
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The antimicrobial activity and the MIC values of the diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethanol extracts of the lichen Hypogymnia tubulosa and its 3-hydroxyphysodic acid constituent have been investigated against some microorganisms. At least one of the extracts or 3-hydroxyphysodic acid showed antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. No antifungal activity of the extracts has been observed against ten filamentous fungi.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Withanolides from Physalis gracilis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. e1-e4
Author(s):  
Gerardo Padierna ◽  
Ana Pérez-Castorena ◽  
Mahinda Martínez ◽  
Antonio Nieto-Camacho ◽  
Jesús Morales-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

AbstractA chemical investigation of the leaves, flowers, and stems of Physalis gracilis led to the isolation of three withanolides identified as withanolide D (1), 24,25-dihydrowithanolide D (2), and withaphysacarpin (3). The structures of these compounds were determined by analyses of their spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of compounds 1 and 3 and derivatives 4 and 5 were evaluated. None of the compounds showed antioxidant or glucosidase inhibitory activity. Also, they were inactive against gram-negative bacteria. However, compound 3 was found active against Bacillus subtilis (MIC=65.5 µM) and compound 5 against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=27.9 µM).

scholarly journals Atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos metanólicos da raiz, caule e folhas de Croton pulegioides Baill. (Zabelê)

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 316-322
Author(s):  
L.G. Arrais ◽  
H.F.S. Lyra ◽  
D.C.A. Batista ◽  
F.N. Coutinho ◽  
A.M. Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Krusei

O uso popular de plantas medicinais continua sendo de grande interesse para a população, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento, nos quais o acesso à medicina alopática ainda é muito restrito. Assim, além de sua importância na medicina tradicional, o conhecimento das plantas pode fornecer para a indústria farmacêutica, direta ou indiretamente, princípios ativos de interesse terapêutico. No presente trabalho foi avaliada a atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos metanólicos secos de Croton pulegioides Baill. obtidos a partir da raiz, do caule e das folhas nas concentrações de 25, 50 e 100mg/mL utilizando o método de difusão em Agar (técnica de poços) frente a cinco cepas Gram-positivas, três cepas de fungos e três cepas de bactérias Gram-negativas. Na execução do estudo foi utilizado o antibiótico Gentamicina (100µg/mL) no teste com bactérias, e Cetoconazol (300µg/mL) para as Candidas verificando-se, ao mesmo tempo, a ausência de atividade para o diluente DMSO 20% em água. Na observação dos resultados evidenciaram-se halos de inibição indicando atividade dos extratos metanólicos da raiz, caule e folhas, nas concentrações de 50 e 100mg/ml, frente Bacillus subtilis AM 04; dos extratos metanólicos da raiz e do caule, nas concentrações de 50 e 100mg/ml, frente Staphylococcus aureus AM 103 (ATCC 6538); e do extrato metanólico do caule, nas concentrações de 50 e 100mg/ml, frente S. epidermidis AM 235. Por outro lado, todos os extratos foram inativos nas concentrações avaliadas frente às bactérias Gram-negativas utilizadas no estudo (Pseudomonas aeruginosa AM 206, Escherichia coli AM 1050 e Klebsiella pneumoniae AM 410). Referente à atividade sobre fungos, os extratos metanólicos da raiz e do caule inibiram, nas três concentrações avaliadas, o crescimento de Candida tropicalis AM 1181 e C. albicans AM 1140, enquanto o extrato das folhas, inibiu o crescimento de C. tropicalis AM 1181 nas concentrações de 50 e 100mg/ml e de C. albicans AM 1140 apenas na concentração de 100mg/mL. Finalmente o extrato metanólico das folhas, na concentração de 100mg/mL, foi o único a inibir o crescimento de Candida krusei. Os resultados preliminares apresentados pelo presente trabalho sugeriram que a espécie Croton pulegioides Baill. apresentou resultados promissores quanto ao potencial antimicrobiano.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Fomitopsis Officinalis (Vill.) Bondartsev & Singer in Pure Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-227
Author(s):  
Oksana Mykchaylova ◽  
Nataliia Poyedіnok
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The World ◽  
Mycelial Mass

Background. According to the World Health Organization antibiotic resistance is among the top ten threats to human health, food safety and development. Today antibiotic resistance has reached alarmingly high levels all over the world. Meanwhile, the increase in the synthetic drugs' production has led to the pathogenic mycobiota's rapid adaptation to the created chemicals, which have a narrow focus of application. That is why in modern biotechnology and pharmacology much attention is paid to natural producers of biologically active compounds, in particular – to xylotrophic fungi. It has been experimentally proven that the xylotrophic macromycete Fomitopsis officinalis or tinder fungus can be considered to be a promising producer of pharmacological substances with a broad spectrum of action. Studies of active metabolites, contained in the mycelial mass, culture fluid of the medicinal xylotrophic macromycete F. officinalis, and determination of their biological action remain relevant. Objective. The objective was to determine the antimicrobial activity of culture fluid and mycelial mass of F. officinalis different strains from the mushrooms collection (IBK Mushroom Culture Collection of the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine) against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria species. Methods. An in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of culture fluid and aqueous-ethyl extracts of mycelial mass for F. officinalis strains IBK-5004, IBK-2497, IBK-2498 against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (B-918), Bacillus subtilis (В-901) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (B-906), Bacillus subtilis (B-900), Klebsiella pneumoniae (M-123) bacteria by disc-diffusion method was conducted. Results. High antimicrobial activity of tinder fungus culture fluid and mycelial mass extracts against Staphylococcus aureus was established after the 21st day of cultivation, while on the 28th day the zone of growth retardation was maximal (15–25 mm). The highest indices were recorded in F. officinalis IBK-5004 (20–25 mm) and IBK-2498 (20–24 mm) strains. Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae in culture fluid extracts was manifested on the 21st and 28th days of cultivation. The highest antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed in the culture fluid of the strain F. officinalis IBK-5004, the diameter of the growth retardation zone was 18 mm on the 28th day of cultivation. Mycelial mass's extracts showed moderate activity on the 14th day of cultivation (7-8 mm); maximal activity was recorded on the 28th day (12–22 mm). The most active strain was Fomitopsis officinalis IBK-2498. No antimicrobial activity against test organisms was detected in the following studied strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis. Conclusions. It has been established that the mycelial mass and culture fluid extracts of F. officinalis IBK-5004, IBK-2497, IBK-2498 strains have high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and moderate antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae on the 21st and 28th day of cultivation.

The Study of Bacillus Subtils Antimicrobial Activity on Some of the Pathological Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein A Kadhum ◽  
Thualfakar H Hasan2
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Selection Of

The study involved the selection of two isolates from Bacillus subtilis to investigate their inhibitory activity against some bacterial pathogens. B sub-bacteria were found to have a broad spectrum against test bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They were about 23-30 mm and less against Klebsiella sp. The sensitivity of some antibodies was tested on the test samples. The results showed that the inhibitory ability of bacterial growth in the test samples using B. subtilis extract was more effective than the antibiotics used.

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