scholarly journals On the evolution of infrastructure sharing in mobile networks: A survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157
Author(s):  
Brunilde Sanso ◽  
Lorela Cano ◽  
Antonio Capone
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Network Virtualization ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Wireless Network Virtualization ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Mobile Network Operators ◽  
Over Time

Infrastructure sharing for mobile networks has been a prolific research topic for more than three decades now. The key driver for Mobile Network Operators to share their network infrastructure is cost reduction. Spectrum sharing is often studied alongside infrastructure sharing although on its own it is a vast research topic outside the scope of this survey. Instead, in this survey we aim to provide a complete picture of infrastructure sharing both over time and in terms of research branches that have stemmed from it such as performance evaluation, resource management etc. We also put an emphasis on the relation between infrastructure sharing and the decoupling of infrastructure from services, wireless network virtualization and multi-tenancy in 5G networks. Such a relation reflects the evolution of infrastructure sharing over time and how it has become a commercial reality in the context of 5G.

scholarly journals Enabling Intelligence in Spectrum Sharing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Jen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Network Operator ◽  
Mobile Network Operator ◽  
Mobile Network Operators

We argue that the capital expenditures made by an individual mobile network operator is extremely high and risky. Also, radio spectrum sharing still lacks intelligence in the current architecture of mobile networks and needs to be rethought. We propose that the goal for a disruptive innovation, in the future mobile network architecture, that shall be able to free mobile network operators from having to hold spectrum licenses and natively enable intelligent radio spectrum sharing among multiple mobile network operators. On the basis of the design principles, the duty of a single mobile network operator is split into two roles, one focuses on infrastructure development, the other only contains authorizations on the radio spectrum usage. We introduce a new role to the mobile network architecture, named Spectrum Trader, is a primary broker for spectrum trading, and it is used to coordinate with the demand-side requests and the supply-side resources to drive demand in a \emph{real-time bidding} manner. We also introduce a spectrum embedding technique that shall enable efficient and intelligent spectrum allocation by recommending the right spectrum bands based on user scenario. Finally, several significant challenges that need to be addressed in practical deployment are investigated.

scholarly journals Enabling Intelligence in Spectrum Sharing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Jen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Network Operator ◽  
Mobile Network Operator ◽  
Mobile Network Operators

We argue that the capital expenditures made by an individual mobile network operator is extremely high and risky. Also, radio spectrum sharing still lacks intelligence in the current architecture of mobile networks and needs to be rethought. We propose that the goal for a disruptive innovation, in the future mobile network architecture, that shall be able to free mobile network operators from having to hold spectrum licenses and natively enable intelligent radio spectrum sharing among multiple mobile network operators. On the basis of the design principles, the duty of a single mobile network operator is split into two roles, one focuses on infrastructure development, the other only contains authorizations on the radio spectrum usage. We introduce a new role to the mobile network architecture, named Spectrum Trader, is a primary broker for spectrum trading, and it is used to coordinate with the demand-side requests and the supply-side resources to drive demand in a \emph{real-time bidding} manner. We also introduce a spectrum embedding technique that shall enable efficient and intelligent spectrum allocation by recommending the right spectrum bands based on user scenario. Finally, several significant challenges that need to be addressed in practical deployment are investigated.

scholarly journals Network Amelioration, AI Automation and Future Integration in Wireless Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2607-2613
Author(s):  
Marzook Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Virtualization ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Mobile Industry ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
Network Operations

Abstract: The deployment of 5G mobile communication networks is just getting started right now. There are numerous technologies available today, each capable of fulfilling activities such as enabling voice traffic via voice over IP (VoIP), providing broadband data access in mobile environments, and so on. However, there is a pressing need to implement technology that can bring all of these systems together into a single unified system. Because it is all about smoothly integrating terminals, networks, and applications, 8G presents a solution to this dilemma. In this work, an attempt is made to provide a study of various cellular technologies, such as 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G, and FG, as well as a detailed comparison between them. With the introduction of network virtualization and the implementation of 5G/IoT, mobile networks will become more complicated and offer more diverse services. This raises concerns about a considerable increase in the workload of network operations. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing rapidly and is projected to alleviate human resource shortages in a variety of industries. Similarly, the mobile industry is gaining traction in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to network operations in order to improve the efficiency of mobile network operations. This paper will address the idea of using AI technology to network operations and will give various use examples to demonstrate that AI-driven network operations have a bright future. Keywords: 5G & 6G networks, Artificial Intelligence, Next generation network, Future Advancement.

scholarly journals Countrywide Mobile Spectrum Sharing with Small Indoor Cells for Massive Spectral and Energy Efficiencies in 5G and Beyond Mobile Networks

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rony Kumer Saha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Interference Management ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
System Level ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Generic Model

In this paper, we propose a technique to share the licensed spectrums of all mobile network operators (MNOs) of a country with in-building small cells per MNO by exploiting the external wall penetration loss of a building and introducing the time-domain eICIC technique. The proposed technique considers allocating the dedicated spectrum Bop per MNO only its to outdoor macro UEs, whereas the total spectrum of all MNOs of the country Bco to its small cells indoor per building such that technically any small indoor cell of an MNO can have access to Bco instead of merely Bop assigned only to the MNO itself. We develop an interference management strategy as well as an algorithm for the proposed technique. System-level capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency performance metrics are derived, and a generic model for energy efficiency is presented. An optimal amount of small indoor cell density in terms of the number of buildings L carrying these small cells per MNO to trade-off the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency is derived. With the system-level numerical and simulation results, we define an optimal value of L for a dense deployment of small indoor cells of an MNO and show that the proposed spectrum sharing technique can achieve massive indoor capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency for the MNO. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed spectrum sharing technique could meet both the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency requirements for 5G mobile networks for numerous traffic arrival rates to small indoor cells per building of an MNO.

scholarly journals Policy-Based Security Management System for 5G Heterogeneous Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hani Alquhayz ◽  
Nasser Alalwan ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim Alzahrani ◽  
Ali H. Al-Bayatti ◽  
Mhd Saeed Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Management System ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Vertical Handover ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
End User ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Ip Spoofing

Advances in mobile phone technology and the growth of associated networks have been phenomenal over the last decade. Therefore, they have been the focus of much academic research, driven by commercial and end-user demands for increasingly faster technology. The most recent generation of mobile network technology is the fifth generation (5G). 5G networks are expected to launch across the world by 2020 and to work with existing 3G and 4G technologies to provide extreme speed despite being limited to wireless technologies. An alternative network, Y-Communication (Y-Comm), proposes to integrate the current wired and wireless networks, attempting to achieve the main service requirements of 5G by converging the existing networks and providing an improved service anywhere at any time. Quality of service (QoS), vertical handover, and security are some of the technical concerns resulting from this heterogeneity. In addition, it is believed that the Y-Comm convergence will have a greater influence on security than was the case with the previous long-term evolution (LTE) 4G networks and with future 5G networks. The purpose of this research is to satisfy the security recommendations for 5G mobile networks. This research provides a policy-based security management system, ensuring that end-user devices cannot be used as weapons or tools of attack, for example, IP spoofing and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. The results are promising, with a low disconnection rate of less than 4% and 7%. This shows the system to be robust and reliable.

scholarly journals Independence and Fairness Analysis of 5G mmWave Operators Utilizing Spectrum Sharing Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mothana L. Attiah ◽  
A. A. M. Isa ◽  
Zahriladha Zakaria ◽  
M. K. Abdulhameed ◽  
Mowafak K. Mohsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Network Functionality ◽  
Mobile Network Operators

The spectrum sharing approach (SSA) has emerged as a cost-efficient solution for the enhancement of spectrum utilization to meet the stringent requirements of 5G systems. However, the realization of SSA in 5G mmWave cellular networks from technical and regulatory perspectives could be challenging. Therefore, in this paper, an analytical framework involving a flexible hybrid mmWave SSA is presented to assess the effectiveness of SSA and investigate its influence on network functionality in terms of independence and fairness among operators. Two mmWave frequencies (28 GHz and 73 GHz) are used with different spectrum bandwidths. Various access models have been presented for adoption by four independent mobile network operators that incorporate three types of spectrum allocation (exclusive, semipooled, and fully pooled access). Furthermore, an adaptive multi-state mmWave cell selection scheme is proposed to associate typical users with the tagged mmWave base stations that provide a great signal-to-interference plus noise ratio, thereby maintaining reliable connections and enriching user experience. Numerical results show that the proposed strategy achieves considerable improvement in terms of fairness and independence among operators, which paves the way for further research activities that would provide better insight and encourage mobile network operators to rely on SSA.

scholarly journals Dynamic Resource Sharing in 5G with LSA: Criteria-Based Management Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaleh Sadreddini ◽  
Pavel Masek ◽  
Tugrul Cavdar ◽  
Aleksandr Ometov ◽  
Jiri Hosek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Spectrum Utilization

Owing to a steadily increasing demand for efficient spectrum utilization as part of the fifth-generation (5G) cellular concept, it becomes crucial to revise the existing radio spectrum management techniques and provide more flexible solutions for the corresponding challenges. A new wave of spectrum policy reforms can thus be envisaged by producing a paradigm shift from static to dynamic orchestration of shared resources. The emerging Licensed Shared Access (LSA) regulatory framework enables flexible spectrum sharing between a limited number of users that access the same frequency bands, while guaranteeing better interference mitigation. In this work, an advanced user satisfaction-aware spectrum management strategy for dynamic LSA management in 5G networks is proposed to balance both the connected user satisfaction and the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) resource utilization. The approach is based on the MNO decision policy that combines both pricing and rejection rules in the implemented processes. Our study offers a classification built over several types of users, different corresponding attributes, and a number of MNO’s decision scenarios. Our investigations are built on Criteria-Based Resource Management (CBRM) framework, which has been specifically designed to facilitate dynamic LSA management in 5G mobile networks. To verify the proposed model, the results (spectrum utilization, estimated Secondary User price for the future connection, and user selection methodology in case of user rejection process) are validated numerically as we yield important conclusions on the applicability of our approach, which may offer valuable guidelines for efficient radio spectrum management in highly dynamic and heterogeneous 5G environments.

scholarly journals Wireless Network Virtualization With SDN and C-RAN for 5G Networks: Requirements, Opportunities, and Challenges

IEEE Access ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19099-19115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvin J. Kitindi ◽  
Shu Fu ◽  
Yunjian Jia ◽  
Asif Kabir ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Network Virtualization ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Wireless Network Virtualization
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document