Independence and Fairness Analysis of 5G mmWave Operators Utilizing Spectrum Sharing Approach

The spectrum sharing approach (SSA) has emerged as a cost-efficient solution for the enhancement of spectrum utilization to meet the stringent requirements of 5G systems. However, the realization of SSA in 5G mmWave cellular networks from technical and regulatory perspectives could be challenging. Therefore, in this paper, an analytical framework involving a flexible hybrid mmWave SSA is presented to assess the effectiveness of SSA and investigate its influence on network functionality in terms of independence and fairness among operators. Two mmWave frequencies (28 GHz and 73 GHz) are used with different spectrum bandwidths. Various access models have been presented for adoption by four independent mobile network operators that incorporate three types of spectrum allocation (exclusive, semipooled, and fully pooled access). Furthermore, an adaptive multi-state mmWave cell selection scheme is proposed to associate typical users with the tagged mmWave base stations that provide a great signal-to-interference plus noise ratio, thereby maintaining reliable connections and enriching user experience. Numerical results show that the proposed strategy achieves considerable improvement in terms of fairness and independence among operators, which paves the way for further research activities that would provide better insight and encourage mobile network operators to rely on SSA.

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Collaborative Resource Management for Negotiable Multi-Operator Small Cell Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19163550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (16) ◽

pp. 3550 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shashi Shah ◽

Somsak Kittipiyakul ◽

Yuto Lim ◽

Yasuo Tan

Keyword(s):

Performance Metrics ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Base Stations ◽

Small Cells ◽

Network Resources ◽

Small Cell Networks ◽

User Data ◽

Mobile Network Operators ◽

Cell Networks ◽

Mutual Agreement

The ubiquitous coverage/connectivity requirement of wireless cellular networks has shifted mobile network operators’ (MNOs) interest toward dense deployment of small cells with coverage areas that are much smaller as compared to macrocell base stations (MBSs). Multi-operator small cells could provide virtualization of network resources (infrastructure and spectrum) and enable its efficient utilization, i.e., uninterrupted coverage and connectivity to subscribers, and an opportunity to avoid under-utilization of the network resources. However, a MNO with exclusive ownership to network resources would have little incentive to utilize its precious resources to serve users of other MNOs, since MNOs differentiate among others based on their ownership of the licensed spectrum. Thus, considering network resources scarcity and under-utilization, this paper proposes a mechanism for multi-operator small cells collaboration through negotiation that establishes a mutual agreement acceptable to all involved parties, i.e., a win–win situation for the collaborating MNOs. It enables subscribers of a MNO to utilize other MNOs’ network resources, and allows MNOs to offer small cells “as a service” to users with ubiquitous access to wireless coverage/connectivity, maximize the use of an existing network resources by serving additional users from a market share, and enhance per-user data rate. We validated and evaluated the proposed mechanism through simulations considering various performance metrics.

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Framework towards the Process of Estimating or Predicting Perceived QoE Based on the Datasets Obtained the Mobile Network

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.b3523.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3627-3631

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Consumer Satisfaction ◽

Quality Of Experience ◽

Research Study ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Mobile Internet ◽

Software Defined Network ◽

Network Functionality ◽

Mobile Network Operators

Nowadays, the research study community visualizes a standard shift that is going to put the focus on Quality of Experience metrics, which relate directly to complete consumer satisfaction. Yet, determining QoE coming from QoS sizes is a daunting job that powerful Software Defined Network operators are currently able to tackle through artificial intelligence strategies. In this paper, our experts pay attention to a few essential QoE factors, and we to begin with proposing a Bayesian Network design to anticipate re-buffering proportion. This paper suggested a structure for modeling mobile network QoE, making use of the vast records analytics approach. The planned platform explains the method of estimating or forecasting perceived QoE based upon the datasets obtained or collected from the mobile network to enable the mobile network operators efficiently to deal with the network functionality as well as supply the individuals an adequate mobile Internet QoE.

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Performance Analysis of Handoff in CDMA Cellular System

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.24297/ijct.v9i3.3337 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1119-1126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dr. Dalveer Kaur ◽

Neeraj Kumar

Keyword(s):

Unique Feature ◽

New Technology ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Spectrum Utilization ◽

Network Resources ◽

Soft Handoff ◽

Control Approach ◽

Cdma Networks ◽

Execution Delay

Handoff mechanism is extremely important in cellular network because of the cellular architecture employed to maximize spectrum utilization. This unique feature has driven the rapid growth in the mobile network industry, changing it from a new technology into a massive industry within less than two decades. Handoff is the essential functionality for dealing with the mobility of the mobile users. This paper shows the soft handoff effects on the uplink direction of IS-95 CDMA networks is carried out, leading to optimize soft handoff for capacity under perfect power control approach. In practical systems, there is a nonzero handoff completion delay and soft handoff provides the required robustness to delays, although it comes at the expense of additional network resources. Thus, there is a tradeoff between the extent of soft handoff required and the handoff execution delay. This paper presents an analytical framework to study this tradeoff and also discuss simulation results simulated with the help of Matlab. For this, handoff dropping probability is minimized up to 0.1%.

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Dynamic Resource Sharing in 5G with LSA: Criteria-Based Management Framework

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2018/7302025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhaleh Sadreddini ◽

Pavel Masek ◽

Tugrul Cavdar ◽

Aleksandr Ometov ◽

Jiri Hosek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mobile Networks ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Resource Sharing ◽

Spectrum Sharing ◽

Interference Mitigation ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Radio Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Management ◽

Policy Reforms ◽

Spectrum Utilization

Owing to a steadily increasing demand for efficient spectrum utilization as part of the fifth-generation (5G) cellular concept, it becomes crucial to revise the existing radio spectrum management techniques and provide more flexible solutions for the corresponding challenges. A new wave of spectrum policy reforms can thus be envisaged by producing a paradigm shift from static to dynamic orchestration of shared resources. The emerging Licensed Shared Access (LSA) regulatory framework enables flexible spectrum sharing between a limited number of users that access the same frequency bands, while guaranteeing better interference mitigation. In this work, an advanced user satisfaction-aware spectrum management strategy for dynamic LSA management in 5G networks is proposed to balance both the connected user satisfaction and the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) resource utilization. The approach is based on the MNO decision policy that combines both pricing and rejection rules in the implemented processes. Our study offers a classification built over several types of users, different corresponding attributes, and a number of MNO’s decision scenarios. Our investigations are built on Criteria-Based Resource Management (CBRM) framework, which has been specifically designed to facilitate dynamic LSA management in 5G mobile networks. To verify the proposed model, the results (spectrum utilization, estimated Secondary User price for the future connection, and user selection methodology in case of user rejection process) are validated numerically as we yield important conclusions on the applicability of our approach, which may offer valuable guidelines for efficient radio spectrum management in highly dynamic and heterogeneous 5G environments.

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On the evolution of infrastructure sharing in mobile networks: A survey

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies ◽

10.52953/nbqh9604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 141-157

Author(s):

Brunilde Sanso ◽

Lorela Cano ◽

Antonio Capone

Keyword(s):

Mobile Networks ◽

Spectrum Sharing ◽

Network Virtualization ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Research Topic ◽

5G Networks ◽

Wireless Network Virtualization ◽

Key Driver ◽

Mobile Network Operators ◽

Over Time

Infrastructure sharing for mobile networks has been a prolific research topic for more than three decades now. The key driver for Mobile Network Operators to share their network infrastructure is cost reduction. Spectrum sharing is often studied alongside infrastructure sharing although on its own it is a vast research topic outside the scope of this survey. Instead, in this survey we aim to provide a complete picture of infrastructure sharing both over time and in terms of research branches that have stemmed from it such as performance evaluation, resource management etc. We also put an emphasis on the relation between infrastructure sharing and the decoupling of infrastructure from services, wireless network virtualization and multi-tenancy in 5G networks. Such a relation reflects the evolution of infrastructure sharing over time and how it has become a commercial reality in the context of 5G.

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Assessment of Quality of Service of Mobile Network Operators in Akure

International Journal of Business Administration ◽

10.5430/ijba.v10n3p118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

Obe Olumide Olayinka ◽

Sangodoyin Oluranti Olukemi ◽

Otti Chukwuemeka

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Service ◽

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Base Stations ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Test Technique ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

The One ◽

Mobile Network Operators

This study assessed and compared the Quality of Service provided by the four major Mobile Network Operators(MNOs) in Akure, Nigeria as well as assessed their level of compliance with Nigerian Communications Commission standard. The study also examined the level of customer satisfaction on the services delivered by the MNOs. The effect of Quality of Service on the satisfaction of the customers of the MNOs was also investigated in this study.Primary data was collected in this study using both the drive test and survey questionnaire techniques. The drive test technique was used to collect data on the Quality of Service provided by the MNOs while the survey questionnaire was used to collect data on customer satisfaction from 527 respondents.Descriptive statistics was used to assess the level of Quality of Service provided and also to examine the level of customer satisfaction. The one-way ANOVA was adopted to compare the Quality of Service provided among the MNOs while Regression analysis was used to examine the effect of Quality of Service on customer satisfaction.The study revealed that the Quality of Service of the Mobile Network Operators in Akure differed significantly (P<0.05). It also revealed a moderate level of satisfaction among the customers. Though the Quality of Service provided by the Mobile Network Operators was found not to meet Nigerian Communications Commission standard for most of the key performance indicators, MTN was found to be the best. The study also revealed that the effect of Quality of Service on the satisfaction of customers is insignificant. The study recommended that the Mobile Network Operators should build more base stations as this would help reduce coverage gaps and blind spots and ultimately increase their network coverage.

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Game Theoretic Infrastructure Sharing in Wireless Cellular Networks

Game Theory Framework Applied to Wireless Communication Networks - Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8642-7.ch014 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 368-398

Author(s):

Alexandra Bousia ◽

Elli Kartsakli ◽

Angelos Antonopoulos ◽

Luis Alonso ◽

Christos Verikoukis

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Cellular Networks ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Base Stations ◽

Traffic Demand ◽

Game Theoretic ◽

Mobile Network Operators ◽

Low Traffic

The emerging traffic demand has fueled the rapid densification of cellular networks. The increased number of Base Stations (BSs) leads to augmented energy consumption and expenditures for the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), especially during low traffic, when many of the BSs remain underutilized. Hence, the MNOs are encouraged to provide “green” and cost effective solutions for their networks. In this chapter, an innovative algorithm for infrastructure sharing in two-operator environments is proposed, based on BSs switching off during low traffic periods. Motivated by the conflicting interests of the operators, the problem is formulated in a game theoretic framework that enables the MNOs to act individually to estimate the switching off probabilities that reduce their financial cost. The authors analytically and experimentally estimate the potential energy and cost savings that can be accomplished. The obtained results show a significant reduction in both energy consumption and expenditures, thus giving the operators the necessary incentives for infrastructure sharing.

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Market Configuration and the Success of Mobile Services

Mobile Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch058 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 696-711

Author(s):

Jarkko Vesa

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Mobile Services ◽

Industry Evolution ◽

Data Services ◽

Mobile Industry ◽

The Uk ◽

Mobile Network Operators

This chapter introduces a novel analytical framework called Mobile Services Matrix (MOSIM), which is used as the basis of a comparative analysis between the Japanese and the Finnish mobile services markets. The results indicate that as the mobile industry shifts from highly standardized voice services towards more complex mobile data services, the vertical/integrated market configuration (i.e., the Japanese model) appears to be more successful than the horizontal/modular configuration (i.e., the Finnish model). A brief overview of the UK market shows that the leading UK mobile network operators are transforming the industry towards a more vertical, operator-driven market configuration. The role of national regulatory framework in this industry evolution process is discussed.

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Market Configuration and the Success of Mobile Services

Unwired Business ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-664-8.ch017 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 253-269

Author(s):

Jarkko Vesa

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Mobile Services ◽

Industry Evolution ◽

Data Services ◽

Mobile Industry ◽

The Uk ◽

Mobile Network Operators

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One Step Greener: Reducing 5G and Beyond Networks’ Carbon Footprint by 2-Tiering Energy Efficiency with CO2 Offsetting

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9030464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 464 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luís Carlos Gonçalves ◽

Pedro Sebastião ◽

Nuno Souto ◽

Américo Correia

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Power Consumption ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Base Stations ◽

Added Value ◽

Mobile Service ◽

Service Usage ◽

Mobile Network Operators

Fifth generation (5G) and Beyond-5G (B5G) will be characterized by highly dense deployments, both on network plane and user plane. Internet of Things, massive sensor deployments and base stations will drive even more energy consumption. User behavior towards mobile service usage is witnessing a paradigm shift with heavy capacity, demanding services resulting in an increase of both screen time and data transfers, which leads to additional power consumption. Mobile network operators will face additional energetic challenges, mainly related to power consumption and network sustainability, starting right in the planning phase with concepts like energy efficiency and greenness by design coming into play. The main contribution of this work is a two-tier method to address such challenges leading to positively-offset carbon dioxide emissions related to mobile networks using a novel approach. The first tier contributes to overall power reduction and optimization based on energy efficient methods applied to 5G and B5G networks. The second tier aims to offset the remaining operational power usage by completely offsetting its carbon footprint through geosequestration. This way, we show that the objective of minimizing overall networks’ carbon footprint is achievable. Conclusions are drawn and it is shown that carbon sequestration initiatives or program adherence represent a negligible cost impact on overall network cost, with the added value of greener and more environmentally friendly network operation. This can also relieve the pressure on mobile network operators in order to maximize compliance with environmentally neutral activity.

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