scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Plant Powders, Cow Dung Ash and Malathion Dust against Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) On Chickpea in Jole Andegna: Southern Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebebush Tesema ◽  
Henok Kurabachew ◽  
Teferra F. Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Callosobruchus chinensis is one of the major insect pest of chickpea and other stored legume which is known to cause significant yield loss both quantitatively and qualitatively. This investigation was done to study the efficacy of leaf powders of basil (Ocimu basilica L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica), cow dung ash and Malathion dust against bruchid on two chickpea varieties namely Desi (local) and Habru (improved Kabuli). Levels of infestation, weight loss, germination capacity (delete) and germination of the seeds were evaluated monthly up to six months. In the bruchid infested treatment (control), hundred seeds weight, seed germination decreased through time while levels of infestation and weight loss increased. All the tested locally available treatments (cow dung ash, leaf powder of neem and leaf powder of basil) were found to be effective in reducing the damage inflicted by bruchid compared to the control. Malathion dust was observed to be the most effective of all treatment in this study. However, looking in to the side effects of synthetic pesticides, we suggest that the locally available plant powders and cow dung ash which is cheap, ecologically friendly and non-hazardous to human health can play an important role in protection of chickpea during storage against invasion by bruchid. 

scholarly journals Biopesticidal Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus Chinensis L) in Chickpea Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p184
Author(s):  
Md. Israfil Jahan ◽  
Masum Ahmad ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Leaf Powder

The pesticidal efficacy of four locally available leaves of botanicals like neem (Azadirachta indica), datura (Datura stramonium),  marigold (Tagetes erecta) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders was assessed on pulse bettle (Callosobruchus chinensis L) through adult mortality and emergence, oviposition performance, seed damage, weight loss and germination  of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The above test biopesticides were tested at three different rates (0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.50 g powder/kg of chickpea seeds). All the tested powder showed significant effect on the above parameters. The highest adult mortality was recorded when chickpea seeds were treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg, whereas marigold showed the least effect on adult mortality. The powders used in the experiment effectively controlled oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle. The lowest number of adult emergence was obtained from chickpea seeds treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg. The highest weight loss was observed in control seeds followed by marigold leaf powder 0.5 g/kg gram seeds. Datura leaf powder treated seeds showed the lowest seed weight loss followed by neem, garlic and marigold. Plant powders had profound effect on seed germination. The highest germination was observed in treated seed with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg and the lowest germination in control seed followed by marigold leaf powder at 1.5 g/kg treated seeds. The pesticidal effect on oviposition, adult mortality, adult emergence, and seed weight loss was directly proportional to leaf powder rates.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of indigenous plant powders as grain protectant against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in stored chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
MAA Bachchu ◽  
KS Ahmed ◽  
MA Haque
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
Seed Infestation

The effectiveness of 17 indigenous plant powders as grain protectant were assessed against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). The results indicated that among all the tested plant materials, tobacco leaf powder (TLP) had promising effects on inhibiting oviposition and reducing adult emergence, seed infestation, and weight loss by C. chinensis. Tobacco leaf powder offered complete protection of chickpea seeds applied at 20.0 g/kg seeds. Its lower doses exhibited efficacy in dose dependant manner. The lowest number of eggs (24.60), egg bearing seeds (23.40), adult emergence (23.20), seed infestation (8.28%), and weight loss (0.50%) were obtained from the TLP treated at 10.0 g/kg seeds, while the highest of these parameters were in untreated control. In the ovicidal test, TLP showed 100% inhibition at 20.0 g/kg seeds over control. The lowest number of adults (37.20) were emerged when larvae bearing seeds were treated with TLP at 20.0 g/kg seeds along with 59.39% retardation over the control and had no adverse effect on seed germination up to 3 months. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20146 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 93-103, March 2014

scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL EFFECTS OF STEM BARK POWDER OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA AND LEAF POWDER OF EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS ON WEEVILS OF STORED MAIZE GRAINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Aliyu A. U ◽  
I. H Muhammad ◽  
M. S. Babura
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Four Levels

The insecticidal effects of stem bark powder of Azadirachta indica and leaf powder of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on weevils of stored maize grains was carried out. Four levels: 5.0g, 10.0g, 15.0g and 20.0g of each of the vegetative parts (as treatments) and 0.0g as control were replicated four (4) times, making 36 plots (bottles). These were represented as 36 bottles (kilner jars) each containing 100g of maize, arranged in two separate sets of 16 bottles for each of the vegetative parts. The remaining 4 served as the control, at 0.0g levels. Stem bark powder of Azadirachta indica 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0g were introduced into the first set. While the leaf powder of Eucalyptus at 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0g were introduced into the second set, followed by vigorous shaking. 30 young adult maize weevils were carefully introduced into each of the bottles and covered with a perforated lid lined with muslin mesh (1.0mm). The bottles and its contents were arranged in a Completely Randomize Design (CRD) for 336 hours (14 days) and 432 hours (18 days) for Eucalyptus and Neem respectively. 10 healthy grains per replicate were sown into polythene pots containing uniform potting mixture of top soil, river sand and cow dung in a ratio of 1:1:1 at the end of the trail. Parameters assessed include mortality, % mortality weight loss, perforation and perforation index (for the insecticidal experiment) and % germination, for the post trail experiments. Result obtained showed a progressive increase in mortality and % mortality, with analysis of variance (ANOVA) not significantly different (P>0.05) at 48 hours after treatment (HAT), but significant (P<0.05) between 96 and 432 HAT. Weight loss, perforation and perforation index were inversely related to the concentrations of the two powder sources, in which cases, the ANOVA of these parameters showed significant different (P<0.05). The % germination obtained did not show much variation despite the significant difference indicated by the ANOVA, thus revealing the preservation potentials of the plant powders.

scholarly journals Seleksi Berbasis Marka Molekuler pada Padi Generasi F2 Guna Merakit Galur Padi Harapan Tahan Wereng Coklat

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nono Carsono ◽  
Gigih Ibnu Prayoga ◽  
Neni Rostini ◽  
Danar Dono
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
F2 Progeny ◽  
Simple Sequence

ABSTRACTMolecular Marker-based Selection on F2 Progeny for Development of Promising Rice Lines Resistant to Brown PlanthopperBrown planthopper (BPH) is the major insect pest of rice and accounts for significant yield loss. This experiment was aimed to develop BC1F1 and F3 brown planthopper resistant rice lines. Selection on the basis of SSR markers can be done by using two polymorphic SSR markers, i.e., RM586 dan RM8213, which screened from eight SSR markers for BPH resistant. Sixty-three F2 genotypes from IP-1 (derived from IR-64 x PTB-33) population and twenty F2 genotypes from PP-11 (derived from Pandan Wangi x PTB-33) population were selected and will be used for further research by selfed and backcrossed to recipient parents. Chi-squares test for segregation of DNA bands in F2 generation showed that RM8213 fitted with 1:2:1 Mendelian ratio for controlling photosynthetic rates and trichomes length in IP-1 population. This information could be used in programs to develop a durable brown planthopper resistant rice cultivar.Keywords: BPH, F2 population, Moleculer marker, SSRABSTRAKWereng coklat merupakan salah satu hama utama pada tanaman padi yang mampu menurunkan produksi padi secara nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh galur-galur padi F2 yang memiliki marka-marka yang berasosisasi dengan ketahanannya terhadap wereng coklat. Seleksi pada galur padi F2 hasil persilangan telah dilakukan melalui teknik marka molekuler Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) menggunakan dua marka SSR yang menunjukkan polimorphisme yaitu RM586 dan RM8213 dari delapan marka yang diskrining. Sebanyak 63 genotip dari populasi IP-1 (hasil persilangan IR-64 x PTB-33) dan 20 genotip dari populasi PP-11 (hasil persilangan Pandan Wangi x PTB-33) untuk disilangkan sendiri maupun disilang balik dengan tetua recipient. Selain itu, hasil analisis Chi-Kuadrat untuk segregasi pita DNA menunjukkan bahwa primer RM8213 memiliki rasio 1:2:1 (dominasi tidak sempurna) dalam mengontrol karakter laju fotosintesis dan panjang trikoma terhadap wereng coklat pada populasi IP-1. Informasi yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini nantinya dapat digunakan untuk program perakitan kultivar padi tahan wereng coklat yang durable.Kata Kunci: Marka molekuler, Populasi F2, SSR, Wereng coklat

Lettuce big-vein disease: sources, patterns of spread, and losses

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Latham ◽  
R. A. C. Jones ◽  
S. J. McKirdy
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
History Of ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Vein Disease ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

Most batches of lettuce seedlings taken over an 18-month period from a vegetable nursery were infested with lettuce big-vein disease (LBVD) with an up to 31% incidence. Using lettuce seedlings in bait tests, contamination was detected at the nursery in potting mix composted for different periods and in dirt from under the benches, and at the bark supplier's site in this ingredient of the potting mix and waste 'bark' from the ground. In a field experiment in which lettuce seedlings from the infested nursery were inoculated with infested roots or left uninoculated before transplanting into subplots on land with no history of lettuce planting, disease progress followed a sigmoid curve with the former but an almost straight line with the latter. However, significant clustering of symptomatic plants was found only in the subplot with the uninoculated plants. Leaf symptoms of LBVD were more severe in lettuces infested later, whereas symptoms in those infested earlier were obvious initially but then became milder. The disease impaired formation of hearts: the proportion of symptomatic plants that lacked hearts was 24–36% when leaf symptoms first appeared 5–7 weeks after transplanting, but 14–16% after 8–9 weeks. When leaf symptoms first appeared at 5–6 weeks, there was a fresh weight loss of 14–15% for heads (all plants) and 39% for hearts (excluding plants without hearts). When leaf symptoms first appeared 7 weeks after transplanting, there was no significant yield loss for heads and only a 14% loss for hearts. At 8–9 weeks, there were no significant yield losses for heads or hearts.

scholarly journals Insecticidal potency of mixtures of plant powders and Actellic SuperTM (Pirimiphos-methyl + Permethrin) on Callosobruchus chinensis F. and Sitophilus zeamais Motch

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip K Bett ◽  
Ann J. Kiplagat ◽  
Arop L. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Stored Product Pest ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Small Holder

Insect pests still cause substantial quantitative and qualitative grain loss ranging from 20 to 100% in small holder farming systems in tropical countries. Synthetic pesticides are recommended as stop gap measures for the management of stored product insect pests. However, their application has not been fully exploited in small scale farming due to environmental, health, and economic concerns. As a result, new researches have shifted focus to exploiting pesticidal plants as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Therefore, the current study evaluated mixtures of plant powders and reduced amount of Actellic superTM (pirimiphos-methyl + permethrin) as alternative insecticide formulation against Callosobruchus chinensis and Sitophilus zeamais. Green grams and wheat grains were mixed with a mixture of plant powders in the ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 1:9 to obtain four rates (0.0, 2.0, 6.0 and 10%w/w). Grains and plant powders were also mixed with reduced amount (10, 25, and 50 %) of recommended rate of Actellic SuperTM to obtain dosages as above. Twenty unsexed adults, 1-5 day old S. zeamais and C. chinensis were introduced into treated grains. The mixture of C. lusitanica: T. vogelii powders in the ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 1:9 caused mortality in C. chinensis of 55, 95 and 85%, respectively. At the same ratio, E. saligna: L. camara mixture produced mortality in S. zeamais of 77, 82, and 85% respectively. In mixture of C. lusitanica and T. vogelii and reduced amount of Actellic SuperTM by 50% the mortality of C. chinensis was 85 and 80 % respectively. Similarly, E. saligna and L. camara and reduced amount of Actellic SuperTM by 50% caused a mortality of S. zeamais of 48 and 97% respectively. The application of plant powders and reduced amounts of synthetic insecticide has the potential to be applied in stored product pest control

scholarly journals Biorational Management of Pulse Bettle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) on Chickpea Seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Arafat Hasan ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Keya Akter ◽  
Sonia Sultana ◽  
Tasnia Ummul Wara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Karanja Oil

The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis is one of the major insect pest in stored pulse (i.e. Chickpea seeds) causing 40-50% losses of pulses in storage. Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of some selected biorational insecticides on mortality of beetle, weight loss of seeds, fecundity and hatchability of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis under laboratory condition. Among the different botanicals, Neem oil (89.00%) was found the most effective in case of mortality of pulse beetle in direct method followed by Mahogany oil (78.00%) and Karanja oil (62.00%). Among different microbial derivatives, Spinosad was found most effective considering mortality followed by Emamectin benzoate and Abamectin. Among botanicals the highest percentage of weight reduction was observed in Karanja oil (30.18%) and the lowest (22.43%) was in Neem oil while among microbial derivatives the lowest percentage of seed weight reduction was obtained from Spinosad (11.15%) and the highest percentage of weight reduction was obtained from Abamectin (20.37%). No. of eggs laid per female was recorded highest in Karanja oil (24.00) and lowest in Spinosad (19.33). The hatchability percentage was highest in Karanza oil (21.73%) and lowest in Neem (12.89%) and in case of chemical treatment lowest in spinosad (6.05%) and highest in Ebamectin (14.42%). Neem oil and Spinosad were found effective against pulse beetle in storage condition. Therefore, Neem oil and Spinosad might be included in the development of IPM packages for the management of pulse beetle in the storage.

Influence of Different Plant Powders as Grain Protectants on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 2167-2172
Author(s):  
VASU MEHTA ◽  
SURJEET KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Leaf Powder

ABSTRACT Sitophilus oryzae (L.) is the most widespread and destructive insect of stored wheat throughout the world. The main aim of the study was to find ecofriendly alternatives to chemical fumigants and synthetic insecticides for the control of weevils in stored wheat. The leaf powder of Ageratum conyzoides proved to be the best treatment against the weevil that resulted in maximum mean cumulative mortality (96.67%), the lowest monthly population increase (18.33), and the least grain damage (12.61%) and weight loss (1.75%) during 6 months of storage. The next best treatments were the drupe powder of Melia azedarach, followed by Vitex negundo and Ocimum sanctum. A. conyzoides, Melia azedarach, and O. sanctum were found effective even 3 months after preparation. The leaf powder of Murraya koenigii resulted into the lowest mean cumulative adult mortality (14.23%), the highest monthly population increase (132.78), and the highest grain damage (47.50%) and weight loss (11.07%), thus proving to be the least effective. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Plant powders protect stored wheat from infestation by lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (fabricius) (Bostrichidae: Coleoptera)

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
H.E. Negbenebor ◽  
W.A. Makanjuola ◽  
S. Nura
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Lesser Grain Borer ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae: Coleoptera) is one of the most serious devastating insect pests attacking stored wheat grains in Nigeria. The most common strategy adopted in controlling this insect pest is the application of synthetic pesticides which is costly, toxic to non-target organisms and is non eco-friendly. Botanical pesticides are recently used as alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their non-hazardous effect on the environment and non-target organisms, cost effectiveness and direct impacts on the target organisms. This study was carried out to determine the toxicity of leaf powders obtained from three species of plants: Ageratum conyzoides, Momordica charantia and Tephrosia vogelii in the control of R. dominica infestation on stored wheat grains. Five doses (0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 8.00 g) per 20.00 g were measured from the powdered leaves of the tested plants with ethanol treatment as the control (0.00 g 20.00 g-1). The powdered doses were applied onto wheat grains before the insects were introduced. The experiment was laid down in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% probability level with Least Significant Difference used to separate the means. The results showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in the magnitude of toxicity imparted by various doses of the powders on R. dominica. The treatments influence high rate of mortality, reduced number of laid eggs and emerged adults when compared with the control. The toxicity of the powders increased with increase in dosage. It was concluded that 8.00 g 20.00 g-1 of the powders were more toxic to R. dominica, inducing 28.00-77.30% insects’ mortality thereby protecting grain damage to as low as 1.04% at 6th month of storage. T. vogelii leaf powders were recommended for use against R. dominica in stored wheat grains. Key words: botanicals, dose, lesser grain borer, wheat

Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
L. A. Afolabi ◽  
A. T. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Ondo State

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom Oja‐Oba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petri‐dish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.

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