scholarly journals Plant powders protect stored wheat from infestation by lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (fabricius) (Bostrichidae: Coleoptera)

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
H.E. Negbenebor ◽  
W.A. Makanjuola ◽  
S. Nura
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Lesser Grain Borer ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae: Coleoptera) is one of the most serious devastating insect pests attacking stored wheat grains in Nigeria. The most common strategy adopted in controlling this insect pest is the application of synthetic pesticides which is costly, toxic to non-target organisms and is non eco-friendly. Botanical pesticides are recently used as alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their non-hazardous effect on the environment and non-target organisms, cost effectiveness and direct impacts on the target organisms. This study was carried out to determine the toxicity of leaf powders obtained from three species of plants: Ageratum conyzoides, Momordica charantia and Tephrosia vogelii in the control of R. dominica infestation on stored wheat grains. Five doses (0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 8.00 g) per 20.00 g were measured from the powdered leaves of the tested plants with ethanol treatment as the control (0.00 g 20.00 g-1). The powdered doses were applied onto wheat grains before the insects were introduced. The experiment was laid down in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% probability level with Least Significant Difference used to separate the means. The results showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in the magnitude of toxicity imparted by various doses of the powders on R. dominica. The treatments influence high rate of mortality, reduced number of laid eggs and emerged adults when compared with the control. The toxicity of the powders increased with increase in dosage. It was concluded that 8.00 g 20.00 g-1 of the powders were more toxic to R. dominica, inducing 28.00-77.30% insects’ mortality thereby protecting grain damage to as low as 1.04% at 6th month of storage. T. vogelii leaf powders were recommended for use against R. dominica in stored wheat grains. Key words: botanicals, dose, lesser grain borer, wheat

scholarly journals Eco-friendly management of Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzoper thadominica in stored wheat at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 736-743
Author(s):  
Usha Yadav ◽  
Ruchira Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Talcum Powder ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Minimum Number

he laboratory experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of some indigenous products such as plant products (chopped neem leaves ajwain seed powder, garlic capsules, saw dust), animal derivedproducts ( cow dung cake powder, cow urine) and inert materials ( ash powder, sand, talcum powder, salt) @ 2g/100g of wheat grains against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linn.) and lesser grain borer, Rhyzoper thadominica (Fab.) on stored wheat by undertaking various parameters viz., percent adult emergence, percent seed damage, per cent weight loss and per cent germination after six months of storage during April to October 2015. After 180 days of treatments, the minimum number of adults weevils of S. oryzae( 4.00, 6.00,7.67, 9.00, 9.67 and 10.33) were emerged in wheat grains treated with ash powder, sand, cow dung powder, talcum powder, ajwain seed powder and neem leaf powder, respectively with minimum grain damage (7.33 %, 8.67 %,11.67 % and 12.00 %) was observed on ash powder, sand, ajwain seed powder and talcum powder, respectively, whereas minimum weight loss (2.67 %, 3.67 %, 5.67 % and 6.67 %) was recorded on ash powder, sand, cow dung powder, talcum powder and ajwain seed powder, respectively. Similarly, the minimum number of adult beetles of R. dominica were emerged (2.00,2.33, 6.67,7.00 and 8.33) in ash power, sand, talcum powder, cow dung cake powder and ajwain seed powder, respectively with minimum grain damage (4.00 %,8.00 %. 8.67 % and 12.67 % and weight loss (1.33 %, 4.00 %, 7.33 % and 11.67 %) in sand, ash powder, talcum powder and cow dung cake treated wheat grains, respectively. It has been clearly observed that seed germination was not affected adversely in any treatment during six months of storage. The present study clearly revealed that these naturally occurring indigenous products could be used to manage the storage insect pests in wheat.

scholarly journals Deformities produced by some Plant Powders in Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Nur Mohal ◽  
W Islam ◽  
KAMSH Mondal ◽  
S Parween
Keyword(s):  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Higher Doses

The larval feeding of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) on whole wheat grains treated with dry leaf powder of Murrya paniculata L., Jatropha curcas L. (Jack), Datura metel L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and Virtex negundo L. and seed powder of Nigella sativa L. produced abnormalities in larval, pupal and adult stages at doses 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/g in case of all leaf powder treatments and the effect was more distinct at higher doses. Compared to leaf powders seed powder of N. sativa was more effective, however, the deformities responded in the larval, pupal and adult stages were more or less similar in case of all the plant products. The percentages of deformities produced differed significantly among the doses (P<0.001, F=5.10) of different plants (P<0.001, F =3.89). Key words: Deformities, R. dominica, plant powders. J. bio-sci. 14: 69-72, 2006

scholarly journals An Appraisal of Insect Pests Associated with Cereal Grains Traded in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
D.M. Mailafiya ◽  
Z. Dauda ◽  
M.M. Degri ◽  
B.G.J. Kabir ◽  
Y.T. Maina
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study investigated insect pest infestation of maize, millet, sorghum, rice and wheat grains traded in the three main markets namely Monday, Baga-Road and Custom-Park markets in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. Sampling lasted from January to June 2012. Samples per grain type, each weighing one kilogram, were obtained every two weeks from ten randomly selected traders per market. Each sample was sieved in the laboratory to recover all adult insects present, both at sampling and also after one month stay (laid out in a completely randomized design). In each market, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) followed by Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus), Trogoderma granarium (Everts) or Cryptolestes sp. were the insect pests commonly found attacking more (between two to five) grain types. Observed highest and lowest mean insect numbers were respectively by S. zeamais in maize grains (12.13 individuals in Monday market) and T. granarium in wheat grains (0.13 individuals in Baga-Road market). Results unveil that among three markets, higher mean total numbers of insects were present in maize, rice or wheat (18-33). For all grain types, the mean numbers of damaged grains were significantly higher in Monday (53-357) and Custom-Park (46-302) than in Baga-Road (17-109) markets. Furthermore, the mean total number of damaged grains across markets was significantly higher maize, followed by rice and wheat (55-231) than in other grain types (37-41). The implications of all these results on insect infestation of different cereal grain types sold in these markets are discussed.

scholarly journals Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Tempered and Incubated Grain Mediate Attraction by a Primary but Not Secondary Stored Product Insect Pest in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Van Winkle ◽  
Marco Ponce ◽  
Hannah Quellhorst ◽  
Alexander Bruce ◽  
Chloe E. Albin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds

AbstractThere has been a dearth of research elucidating the behavioral effect of microbially-produced volatile organic compounds on insects in postharvest agriculture. Demonstrating attraction to MVOC’s by stored product insects would provide an additional source of unique behaviorally-relevant stimuli to protect postharvest commodities at food facilities. Here, we assessed the behavioral response of a primary (Rhyzopertha dominica) and secondary (Tribolium castaneum) grain pest to bouquets of volatiles produced by whole wheat that were untempered, or tempered to 12%, 15%, or 19% grain moisture and incubated for 9, 18, or 27 days. We hypothesized that MVOC’s may be more important for the secondary feeder because they signal that otherwise unusable, intact grains have become susceptible by weakening of the bran. However, contrary to our expectations, we found that the primary feeder, R. dominica, but not T. castaneum was attracted to MVOC’s in a wind tunnel experiment, and in a release-recapture assay using commercial traps baited with grain treatments. Increasing grain moisture resulted in elevated grain damage detected by near-infrared spectroscopy and resulted in small but significant differences in the blend of volatiles emitted by treatments detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In sequencing the microbial community on the grain, we found a diversity of fungi, suggesting that an assemblage was responsible for emissions. We conclude that R. dominica is attracted to a broader suite of MVOC’s than T. castaneum, and that our work highlights the importance of understanding insect-microbe interactions in the postharvest agricultural supply chain.

scholarly journals Deterioration of Grain Quality of Wheat by Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) during Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Singh ◽  
D.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Grain Damage

Background: A number of storage pests viz., Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Evert.) damage stored wheat. However, S. oryzae is considered a primary pest of stored wheat and has been reported to prefer soft textured wheat cultivars.Methods: The grains of three bread (soft textured) viz., HD2967, PDW314, PBW658 and three durum wheat (hard textured) cultivars viz., WHD943, PBW621, PDW291 were screened for feeding response by rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. in the laboratory. Each cultivar seed was properly cleaned and disinfested before its use. A 100g seed sample of each cultivar was taken into the plastic jars. Of the pure culture, ten 1-2 week young one insects (1:1 sex ratio) were released into the jars each containing different cultivar grains. The jars were covered with white muslin as three separate storage sets, i.e., 30, 60 and 90 days after storage to record data observations. Result: Durum wheat cultivars being low in protein contents were comparatively less preferred for pest feeding and cultivar PDW291 was found highly resistant based on low insect emergence, grain damage and weight loss. The bread wheat cultivars due to high protein contents were highly preferred by the pest and cultivar HD2967 showed maximum preference. The biochemical properties like ash contents and crude fibres showed positive while crude fats and protein a negative correlation with the pest infestation. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Plant Powders, Cow Dung Ash and Malathion Dust against Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) On Chickpea in Jole Andegna: Southern Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebebush Tesema ◽  
Henok Kurabachew ◽  
Teferra F. Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Callosobruchus chinensis is one of the major insect pest of chickpea and other stored legume which is known to cause significant yield loss both quantitatively and qualitatively. This investigation was done to study the efficacy of leaf powders of basil (Ocimu basilica L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica), cow dung ash and Malathion dust against bruchid on two chickpea varieties namely Desi (local) and Habru (improved Kabuli). Levels of infestation, weight loss, germination capacity (delete) and germination of the seeds were evaluated monthly up to six months. In the bruchid infested treatment (control), hundred seeds weight, seed germination decreased through time while levels of infestation and weight loss increased. All the tested locally available treatments (cow dung ash, leaf powder of neem and leaf powder of basil) were found to be effective in reducing the damage inflicted by bruchid compared to the control. Malathion dust was observed to be the most effective of all treatment in this study. However, looking in to the side effects of synthetic pesticides, we suggest that the locally available plant powders and cow dung ash which is cheap, ecologically friendly and non-hazardous to human health can play an important role in protection of chickpea during storage against invasion by bruchid. 

Influence of Different Plant Powders as Grain Protectants on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 2167-2172
Author(s):  
VASU MEHTA ◽  
SURJEET KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Leaf Powder

ABSTRACT Sitophilus oryzae (L.) is the most widespread and destructive insect of stored wheat throughout the world. The main aim of the study was to find ecofriendly alternatives to chemical fumigants and synthetic insecticides for the control of weevils in stored wheat. The leaf powder of Ageratum conyzoides proved to be the best treatment against the weevil that resulted in maximum mean cumulative mortality (96.67%), the lowest monthly population increase (18.33), and the least grain damage (12.61%) and weight loss (1.75%) during 6 months of storage. The next best treatments were the drupe powder of Melia azedarach, followed by Vitex negundo and Ocimum sanctum. A. conyzoides, Melia azedarach, and O. sanctum were found effective even 3 months after preparation. The leaf powder of Murraya koenigii resulted into the lowest mean cumulative adult mortality (14.23%), the highest monthly population increase (132.78), and the highest grain damage (47.50%) and weight loss (11.07%), thus proving to be the least effective. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Could biorational insecticides be used in the management of aflatoxigenicAspergillus parasiticusand its insect vectors in stored wheat?

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiyyabah Khan ◽  
Ahmad Ali Shahid ◽  
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Subsequent Effect

Insect pests in stored wheat cause significant losses and play an important role in the dispersal of viable fungal spores of various species including aflatoxin producingAspergillus parasiticus. The problem of insecticide resistance in stored insects and environmental hazards associated with fumigants and conventional grain protectants underscore the need to explore reduced risk insecticides to control stored insects with the ultimate effect on aflatoxin production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the insecticidal potential of four biorational insecticides: spinosad, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and indoxacarb, on wheat grains artificially infested withRhyzopertha dominica/Sitophilus oryzaeand/orA. parasiticusspores, and the subsequent effect on aflatoxin production. Spinosad and thiamethoxam were the most effective insecticides againstR. dominicacompared toS. oryzaefollowed by imidacloprid. Spinosad applied at 0.25–1 ppm and thiamethoxam at 2 and 4 ppm concentrations resulted in complete mortality ofR. dominica. However, indoxacarb was more toxic againstS. oryzaecompared toR. dominica. Wheat grains inoculated withR. dominica/S. oryzae+spores elicited higher aflatoxin levels than wheat grains inoculated with or without insecticide+spores. In all the treatment combinations containing insects, aflatoxin production was dependent on insects’ survival rate. In addition, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid had also a significant direct effect on reducing aflatoxin production. Aflatoxin levels were lower in the treatment combinations with any concentration of thiamethoxam/imidacloprid+spores as compared to wheat grains inoculated with spores only. Correlation analyses revealed highly significant and positive association between moisture contents/insect survival rate and production of aflatoxin levels, and insect survival rate and moisture contents of the wheat grains. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide baseline data on the use of biorational insecticides againstR. dominicaandS. oryzaeand subsequent effect on aflatoxin production.

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