The Influence of Oxisol Physics Parameters on Dry Matter Production in Grasses of Brachiaria Genus

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between physical attributes of a Yellow Oxisol and the shoot dry matter production in grasses from the Brachiaria genus in the Brejo region, in Paraíba. The experiment has been conducted since 2005 in an experimental area of the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia-PB (6°58’12’’ S; 35°41’15’’ W and 573 m altitude). The experimental design adopted was that of randomized complete blocks (RCB) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. T1- Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.; T2- Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst) Stapf.; T3- Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schwnickerdt Vr.; T4- Brachiaria brizantha MG5 cv. Vitória. The soil in the experimental area was characterized as Dystrophic Yellow Oxisol with clay-sandy texture. Soil samples with disturbed and undisturbed structure were collected within the 0.0-0.10 m layer. The shoot dry matter of grasses was collected in october of 2018. The analyzed variables were: bulk density (BD), compaction degree (CD), total porosity (TP), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), field capacity (θFC), permanent wilting point (θPWP), available water content (θAWC), soil aeration capacity (SAC), mean weighted diameter of wet and dry aggregates (Wet and Dry MWD), aggregate stability index (ASI) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kθ). The Student’s t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis (p <0.05) were performed. It was concluded that dry matter production was positively influenced by θFC and θPWP. And the increase of the average values of BD, CD, Wet and Dry MWD favored the increase of shoot dry matter production by grasses.

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Physical Quality Indicators of an Oxisol Under Grass in the Agreste Region of Paraiba, Brazil

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n15p65 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Pedro Luan F. da Silva ◽

Flávio P. de Oliveira ◽

Camila C. da Nóbrega ◽

Adriana F. Martins ◽

Walter E. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aggregate Stability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Stability Index ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Soil Aeration ◽

Available Water Content ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Aeration Capacity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different grass cultivars on physical attributes of an Oxisol in the Agreste region of Paraíba. The experiment was set up in 2005 in experimental areas of the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia-PB. The experimental design adopted was that of randomized complete blocks (RCB) with 5 treatments and 4 replications, in experimental plots of 50 m2. The treatments were the following: I. Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., II. Brachiaria brizantha, III. Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickvr., IV. Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5-Vitória and V. Brachiaria ruziziensis. In October 2018 samples of soil with disturbed and undisturbed structure were collected at the center of each experimental plot in the depth of 0.0-0.10 m for the determination of the following variables: soil porosity (total, macro and micro), bulk density, compaction degree, saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water content, soil aeration capacity, clay dispersed in water, flocculation degree and aggregate stability index. The analysis of variance was performed and the means were compared by Tukey’s tests, principal component analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis (p < 0.05). It is concluded that after the 13-year period, Brachiaria brizantha promoted improvements to the field capacity of the Oxisol. The other attributes were not physically altered. Main component analysis showed that the correlation values were more significant for the Brachiaria brizantha component. Pearson’s correlation was significant between field capacity and soil aeration capacity.

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FITOMASSA E ACUMULO DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SOB COMPACTAÇÃO E UMIDADE DO SOLO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2016v21n3p605-619 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 605

Author(s):

Otavio Bagiotto Rossato ◽

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽

Jorge Martinelli Martello

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Saccharum Spp ◽

Matter Production

FITOMASSA E ACUMULO DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SOB COMPACTAÇÃO E UMIDADE DO SOLO OTAVIO BAGIOTTO ROSSATO1; JORGE MARTINELLI MARTELLO2; CARLOS ALEXANDRE COSTA CRUSCIOL3 1Professor do Instituto Federal Catarinense, CEP 89700-000, Concórdia, SC, Brasil.E-mail: [email protected] em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CEP 18610-307, 237, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.E-mail: [email protected] do Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CEP 18610-307, 237, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO O experimento foi realizado em tubos de PVC, em casa de vegetação, usando um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial (4x3x2), equivalente a quatro variedades, 3 níveis de compactação do solo na camada de 0,20 a 0,30 m (1,35; 1,45 e 1,55 Mg m-3) e 2 teores de água no solo (70% e 90% da capacidade de campo). Aos 72 dias após emergência da plantas foram avaliadas a massa seca de raízes e parte aérea e os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S acumulados na parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar. O maior nível de umidade no solo propiciou aumento na produção de matéria seca de raiz e da parte aérea além de maior acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S na parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar, independentemente da variedade e nível de compactação. Além disso, na variedade RB72454 obteve-se maior produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e maior acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S que as demais variedades quando sob maior disponibilidade de água no solo. O maior nível de compactação do solo promoveu redução na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e no acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca e Mg na parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar, independentemente da variedade utilizada. Em solos com menor disponibilidade de água (70%CC), o maior nível de compactação do solo (1,55 Mg m-3) promoveu redução na produção de biomassa da parte aérea e no acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca e Mg. Palavras-Chaves: Saccharum spp, teor de água no solo, densidade, matéria seca, raiz, nutrientes, parte aérea. ROSSATO, O. B.; MARTELLO, J. M.; CRUSCIOL, C. A. C.DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND MACRONUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN SUGARCANE GROWN UNDER LEVELS OF COMPACTION AND SOIL MOISTURE 2 ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted in PVC tubes, in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design with four replications, in a factorial arrangement (4x3x2) equivalent to four varieties, three levels of soil compaction in the layer 0.20 to 0.30 m (1.35, 1.45 and 1.55 Mg m-3) and two soil moisture contents (70% and 90% of field capacity). 72 days after the plants emergence the dry mass of roots and shoots and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S contents accumulated in shoots of sugarcane were assessed. The results show that the higher moisture level in the soil led to increases in dry matter production of shoots and roots besides higher accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in sugarcane shoots regardless of the variety and level of compaction. In addition, variety RB72454 provided greater shoots with dry matter and higher accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S on shoots than in other varieties under greater availability of water in the soil. The highest level of soil compaction promoted reduction in shoot dry matter production and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg on shoots of sugarcane regardless of the variety used. On soils with lower water availability (70% of field capacity), the highest level of soil compaction (1.55 Mg m-3) promoted a reduction on shoot biomass production and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Keywords: Saccharum spp, soil water content, density, dry matter, root, nutrients, shoot.

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Dry matter yield, growth index, chemical composition and digestibility of Marandu grass under nitrogen and organic fertilization

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1901 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1901

Author(s):

Rafaela Guerra Neves ◽

Guilherme Santos Freitas ◽

Bruno Borges Deminicis ◽

Eduardo de Sá Mendonça ◽

Anderson Lopes Peçanha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Humic Substances ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Index ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Production Plant ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Matter Production

A pasture composed of the forage Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, for more than 15 years and never fertilized, with an initial condition of degradation, was fertilized with nitrogen and humic substances, with the purpose Of recovering the vigor and productivity of the pasture. In the two years (December of 2012 to April 2013 and December 2014 to April 2015), analyses were made for dry matter production, plant height, light interception, leaf / stem ratio), chemical composition and digestibility of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. This was a completely randomized block experimental design, in a 5x4 arrangement, with five doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 kg N.ha-1), four doses of humic substances (0, 12.5, 25 and 50%), with 5 replicates. The forage presented lower means of dry matter production in the first year in relation to the second, but there was no difference for the chemical composition and digestibility between the years. There was a significant effect of Nitrogen levels on the production of dry matter, crude protein, silica, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DVMS). The best response was obtained with 200 kg N.ha-1. The doses of humic substances influenced only reducing the leaf/stem ratio, but there was no effect of doses of humic substances on the other variables studied.

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Silicon does not alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress in soybean plants

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p3941 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 3941 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Viviane Ruppenthal ◽

Tiago Zoz ◽

Fábio Steiner ◽

Maria Do Carmo Lana ◽

Deise Dalazen Castagnara

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Matter Production ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Effects Of Drought

Beneficial effects of silicon (Si) in the plants growth under conditions of drought stress have been associated with to uptake and accumulation ability of element by different species. However, the effects of Si on soybean under water stress are still incipient and inconclusive. This study investigated the effect of Si application as a way to confer greater soybean tolerance to drought stress. The experiment was carried out in 20-L pots under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial: two water regimes (no stress or water stress) and four Si rates (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg–1). Soybean plants were grown until beginning flowering (R1) growth stage with soil moisture content near at the field capacity, and then it started the differentiation of treatments under drought by the suspension of water supply. Changes in relative water content (RWC) in leaf, electrolyte leakage from cells, peroxidase activity, plant nutrition and growth were measured after 7 days of drought stress and 3 days recovery. The RWC in soybean leaves decreased with Si rates in the soil. Silicon supply in soil with average content of this element, reduced dry matter production of soybean under well-irrigated conditions and caused no effect on dry matter under drought stress. The nitrogen uptake by soybean plants is reduced with the Si application under drought stress. The results indicated that the Si application stimulated the defense mechanisms of soybean plants, but was not sufficient to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on the RWC and dry matter production.

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WATER AVAILABILITY IN A PLANOSOL UNDER INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK-FORESTRY SYSTEM IN THE AGRESTE REGION OF PARAIBA, BRAZIL

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n218rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 449-457

Author(s):

PEDRO LUAN FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽

FLÁVIO PEREIRA DE OLIVEIRA ◽

DANILLO DUTRA TAVARES ◽

CAMILA COSTA DA NÓBREGA ◽

ANDRÉ JULIO DO AMARAL

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Production Systems ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Stability Index ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Research Company

ABSTRACT Integrated agricultural production systems, involving agriculture, livestock, and forest are strategies that improve soil quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the integrated crop-livestock-forest system (ICLF) on water availability of a Planosol in the Agreste region of the state of Paraíba (PB), Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the experimental site of the Agricultural Research Company of Paraíba (EMEPA), in Alagoinha, PB. The soil evaluated was a Eutric Planosol, with a moderate A horizon. The following intercrops (treatments) were implemented in June 2015: I. Gliricidia sepium + Brachiaria decumbens; II. Mimosa caesalpiniifolia + Brachiaria decumbens; III. Tabebuia alba + Brachiaria decumbens; IV. Zea mays + Brachiaria decumbens; and V. Brachiaria decumbens. A randomized block experimental design was used, with five treatments. The analyzed variables were field capacity, permanent wilting point, soil available water, granulometry, degree of flocculation, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, resistance to penetration, and aggregate stability index. The results showed that the water availability in the ICLF implemented in the Agreste region of Paraíba had no significant variation after three years. After the three-year period, the ICLF promoted no significant physical improvement in the attributes of the evaluated Planosol.

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