scholarly journals Was President Andrew Jackson Overcharged? An Economic Evaluation of 19th Century Surgical Charges for Urologic Procedures and their Comparison to the Modern, RVU Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Wong
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Urinary Catheterization ◽  
Andrew Jackson ◽  
Physician Billing ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Initial Objective

Objectives Surgical billing is as old as the profession of surgery but there is no published data that has characterized changes in surgical fees over history. Surgical remuneration has been better studied in the Medicare era of relative value units (RVUs)-based payment but what surgeons charged in the American 18th and 19th centuries is unknown. President Andrew Jackson underwent surgery by Dr. James Hall for a hydrocele in 1832 and was billed, and then paid, $30. Our initial objective was to determine the appropriateness of Dr. Hall’s surgical billing for that era. We then wished to determine historical trends in physician billing for similar urologic procedures in the 18th-19th centuries compared to the current RVU era, correcting for inflation. Methods Published fee tables from 18th and 19th century regional medical societies, prevailing charge data from the Center for Medicare Services (CMS) from 1967-1985, and published RVU values and conversion numbers from 1992-2020 (CMS) were used for analysis. To correct for inflation, we used a published consumer price index (CPI) for 1774-2020 indexed to 2020 US dollars. Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare unpaired differences without parametric assumptions. Results A total of 43 fee tables from 18 states from 1818-1898 were identified. The $30 charge to President Jackson for hydrocele surgery was similar to other states’ medical society recommendations of the early 1830s. Over the 19th century, there was an insignificant increase in the low-end fee pricing for hydrocele surgery of $18.4 +/- 17.9 in 1818-1840 versus $28.70 +/- 36.83 from 1880-1890 (p > .05), adjusting for inflation. Similarly, for initial male urinary catheterization, the mean surgical fee of $4.28 +/- 1.25 in 1818-1850 was similar to the $4.75 +/- 5.62 mean surgical fee in 1851-1900 (p>.05). Adjusting to 2020 dollars, however, reimbursement for urinary catheterization in 1818-1850, 1850-1900, 1975-1984, and 1992-2020 was $113.04 +/- 38.06, $131.20 +/- 169.53, $73.87 +/- 2.38, and $23.05 +/- 4.69, respectively (p<.01). of 11%. Conclusions Dr. James Hall, physician to 10 US Presidents, appropriately billed the 7th President for what would be now described as a hydrocele drainage and scarification. Fees for that procedure remained stable or decreased throughout the 19th century. Surgical fees for male urinary catheterization, however, decreased 82% from the 1840s to the 2020s, correcting for inflation.

Antoni Tuchendler i Leon Plocker – twórcy polskiej powojennej szkoły gastrologicznej

Nowa Medycyna ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciesielska ◽  
Przemysław Ciesielski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Jewish Hospital ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

The origin of gastrology as an independent field of internal medicine began in the second half of the 19th century. The so-called “Polish gastrological school” of the first half of the 20th century was composed of, among others: Edward Korczyński, Walery Jaworski, Antoni Gluziński, Józef Wacław Grott, Ludwik Justman, Wilhelm Rubin, Anastazy Landau, Antoni Tuchendler and Leon Plockier (vel Plockier, Płocker, Płockier). Dr. Antoni Tuchendler, after graduating from the University of Dorpat, trained at the Charitè Clinic in Berlin. He worked in Warsaw and was a member of the prestigious Warsaw Medical Society. Before the outbreak of the war, Dr. Leon Plocker worked at the Czyste Jewish Hospital in Warsaw. In 1939 he took part in the defensive war and was taken prisoner by the Germans. In 1940 both doctors were forcibly relocated to the Warsaw ghetto. From 1942, Dr. Plocker hid after the so-called on the Aryan side under the false name of Konstanty Szustowski. He took part in the Warsaw Uprising as the commander of one of the field hospitals. The article is devoted to the fate of two of the above-mentioned doctors: Antoni Tuchendler and Leon Plocker. The first one dealt with the etiology and diagnosis of habitual constipation, the second focused his scientific work on issues related to the stomach cancer.

scholarly journals Lietuvos vaikų chirurgijos raida, dabartis ir perspektyvos

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Benjaminas Siaurusaitis
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Neonatal Surgery ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The 19Th Century

Benjaminas SiaurusaitisVilniaus universiteto Vaikų ligų klinikaSantariškių g. 7, LT-08406, VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Lietuvos vaikų chirurgijos pradžia reiktų laikyti Jokūbo Šimkevičiaus 1806 m. ir 1810 m. veikalus, kuriuose aprašomos daugelio vaikų ligų chirurginės operacijos, pateikiama duomenų apie vaikų operacijas XIX amžiaus pradžios Vilniuje. Pirmasis vaikų chirurgijos skyrius įkurtas 1895 m. Vilniuje „Raudonojo Kryžiaus“ vaikų ligoninėje. XX a. vaikų chirurgija jau specializavosi. Šiuo metu kaip medicinos praktikos ir mokslo šaka ji plėtojama visose Europos šalyse. Lietuvoje yra 15 vaikų chirurgijos skyrių (382 lovos): bendrosios vaikų chirurgijos ir specializuoti – ortopedijos-traumatologijos, urologijos ir neurochirurgijos. Juose dirba 71 vaikų chirurgas. Pastaraisiais metais 70–75% vaikų operuojama vaikų chirurgijos skyriuose. 2002 m. ligoninėse vaikams buvo atlikta 15 051 operacija. Nuo ūminių chirurginių pilvo ertmės ligų tais metais mirė tik vienas vaikas. Jis sirgo ūminiu apendicitu. Vaikų chirurgų problemos Lietuvoje yra organizacinės, susijusios su vaikų traumatizmo didėjimu, vaikų onkochirurgija, organų transplantacija bei spartesniu naujų gydymo technologijų diegimu. Perspektyvos geros, vaikai yra ir turi būti gydomi pagal vaikų chirurgijos standartus. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vaikų chirurgija Lietuvoje, raida, dabartis, problemos Pediatric surgery in Lithuania: history, today and perspectives Benjaminas Siaurusaitis The first data concerning operations on children in Lithuania come from the beginning of the 19th century in the works of Jokūbas Šimkevičius (1806 and 1810) and in the journals of Vilnius Medical Society. The first department of pediatric surgery was founded in Vilnius Red Cross Children’s Hospital in 1895. Pediatric surgery as a speciality is practiced in all European countries. At present, in Lithuania there are 15 departments of pediatric surgery (382 beds), in which from 10 to 11 thousand operations are performed every year (70–75% of all operations for children). In 2002, in Lithuania in total were performed 15.051 operations. In these departments work 71 pediatric surgeons. One lethal case due to acute appendicitis was recorded in these years among all cases of acute abdominal surgical pathology. The main problems lie in the spheres of neonatal surgery, prophylaxis of children’s traumatism and pediatric oncosurgery. We suppose that children are and should be treated according to pediatric surgery standards. Keywords: pediatric surgery in Lithuania, history, nowadays, problems

scholarly journals A vanishing raptor in a Mediterranean island: an updated picture of Red kite (Milvus milvus) in Sardinia, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Davide De Rosa ◽  
Ilaria Fozzi ◽  
Alberto Fozzi ◽  
Mauro Sanna ◽  
Jan Škrábal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Milvus Milvus ◽  
Historical Range

In the 19th century, Red kite (Milvus milvus) was very common and widespread in Sardinia, but in the mid-900 an important decline occurred. Since the 1970s the species has been studied more continuously, but in recent years the published data seem contradictory. In 2018-2020, authors carried out specific research to collect data on the population of the Red kite in Sardinia exploring both the historical range of the species and areas where the species was reported in the past. In 2018-2020, we estimated 10-13 breeding pairs in an area of about 3,440 km2 located in the north west of Sardinia. As regard wintering, we estimated 30-40 birds in winters 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, whereas 90-110 birds were counted in winter 2020-2021.

The Wesselhoefts: A medical dynasty from the age of Goethe to the era of nuclear medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Jonathan RT Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
New England ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century

For six generations, members of the Wesselhoeft family have practiced medicine in Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, Canada and/or the USA. In the early decades of the 19th century, two Wesselhoeft brothers left Europe to eventually settle in New England, where they and their progeny gave rise to a regional medical dynasty. The Wesselhoeft doctors became well-known practitioners of homeopathy, hydropathy, conventional medicine and surgery, in academic and general clinical settings. An additional connection was established to the literary worlds of Germany and the USA, either through friendships or as personal physicians.

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

Book reviews

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Kurdish Studies
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Spatial Control ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
The 19Th Century

Andrea Fischer-Tahir and Sophie Wagenhofer (edsF), Disciplinary Spaces: Spatial Control, Forced Assimilation and Narratives of Progress since the 19th Century, Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2017, 300 pp., (ISBN: 978-3-8376-3487-7).Ayşegül Aydın and Cem Emrence, Zones of Rebellion: Kurdish Insurgents and the Turkish State, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2015, 192 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-801-45354-0).Evgenia I. Vasil’eva, Yugo-Vostochniy Kurdistan v XVI-XIX vv. Istochnik po Istorii Kurdskikh Emiratov Ardelan i Baban. [South-Eastern Kurdistan in the XVI-XIXth cc. A Source for the Study of Kurdish Emirates of Ardalān and Bābān], St Petersburg: Nestor-Istoria, 2016. 176 pp., (ISBN 978-5-4469-0775-5).Karin Mlodoch, The Limits of Trauma Discourse: Women Anfal Survivors in Kurdistan-Iraq, Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2014, 541 pp., (ISBN: 978-3-87997-719-2). 

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