The Wesselhoefts: A medical dynasty from the age of Goethe to the era of nuclear medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Jonathan RT Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
New England ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century

For six generations, members of the Wesselhoeft family have practiced medicine in Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, Canada and/or the USA. In the early decades of the 19th century, two Wesselhoeft brothers left Europe to eventually settle in New England, where they and their progeny gave rise to a regional medical dynasty. The Wesselhoeft doctors became well-known practitioners of homeopathy, hydropathy, conventional medicine and surgery, in academic and general clinical settings. An additional connection was established to the literary worlds of Germany and the USA, either through friendships or as personal physicians.

scholarly journals 19th-Century Ame­rican Schoolbooks as Primary Sources in Cultural Studies: Their Production and Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-320
Author(s):  
Karina Yu. Smetanina
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
New England ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
American History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Usa ◽  
19Th Century America ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article focuses on the 19th-century American history schoolbooks as primary sour­ces in historiography and cultural studies. The re­levance of the topic is determined by the fact that historically several regions with different econo­mic, cultu­ral and ideological characteristics existed and deve­loped in the USA. Therefore, broad political powers of the state governments that traditionally made laws in the field of education may give us the reason to assume that the narration of the American history in books produced and used in different parts of the country might have reflected values and beliefs of those particular states.The study was based on the principle of historicism, which let us closely analyze such questions as the authorship, places of schoolbook publishing and areas of their distribution with re­ference to the changing sociocultural realia of the 19th-century America.The following conclusions were drawn. The advent and development of public education as well as the blossom of the printing industry in New England contributed to the fact that in the 1820s there emerged a big group of authors who wrote the most popular American histories. Simultaneously with the growth of the number and influence of publi­shing firms in New York and Philadelphia, the center of the textbook production moved to the Mid-Atlantic Region in the latter half of the century.The United States territorial acquisitions of the 19th century predetermined the mass migration of the American citizens who amongst other possessions carried their children’s textbooks to new places. Due to the fact that the system of public edu­cation was still in its juvenile years and did not enjoy authority among the citizens, school administrations and teachers were not able to make parents buy new schoolbooks from the lists approved by schools, counties, or states, which led to the problem of textbook diversity and to the distribution of the northern books throughout the whole country. Concurrently, high profits in textbook business attracted many people who tried to write and sell as many histories as possible. This resulted in the problem of oversupply of schoolbooks.

scholarly journals Variations in American marketing practices of early 19th-century ceramic importers and dealers, reflecting culture and identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-375
Author(s):  
Neil Ewins
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose This paper explores the advertising strategy of crockery importers and dealers in relationship to their origins and backgrounds. This is a departure from earlier ceramic-history literature which tended to focus on the Staffordshire producers, with limited awareness on how the identity of importers and dealers influenced what products were sold, and their individual approaches to marketing. Design/methodology/approach Within a context of historical marketing research, this paper analyses newspaper advertising and commentary. It combines an examination of marketing practices with a wider consideration of the cultural identities of ceramic importers and dealers. The digitalization of historical records, combined with sophisticated search engines, makes it more feasible to examine a broader range of sources. Thus, modern research methods can enhance our understanding of production and demand and reveal how marketing strategy was diverse. Findings Awareness on how advertising was influenced by the backgrounds and socio-political views of importers and dealers demonstrates ways in which Anglo-American ceramic trade could be far more market-led. More significantly, marketing approaches were not necessarily responding to American demand, but rather that importers could engage in commissioning goods which reflected their own views on politics, religion or slavery. Originality/value Examining the advertising of importers demonstrates the complex relationship between production and ceramic demand. This paper opens up debates as to how far the advertising of other merchandise in the USA shows evidence of taking a more individual approach by the 19th century.

Romantic Style in American Music and Its Place in Courses of Disciplines of Universities of Culture and Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-227
Author(s):  
M.G. Kruglova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
American Music ◽  
American Composers ◽  
Musical Thinking ◽  
Romantic Music ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Professional Disciplines

in the development of American music of the 19th century, researchers find stylistic trends in romanticism. During this period, the characteristic features of national musical thinking and the features of the composer’s work of US composers manifest themselves. A similar thing was observed in European music of the same century: the Polish national composer school was formed in Chopin’s works, Liszt embodied the features of Hungarian music, Grieg – Norwegian, etc. Since the beginning of the 19th century, American composers have been passionate about European romantic trends, but at the same time they have gone and developed along their special path. The influence of Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn is felt in the works of American composers of the mid-19th century, in the literature of the USA romanticism manifested itself much earlier, and its development was peculiar and special due to the ethnic and historical development of the country. However, all these most important historical pages still remain almost without the attention of scholars, researchers, and are also absent from the courses of music history not only colleges, but also universities of art culture. In this work, an attempt is made to outline ways to master the artistic and creative experience of composers of the USA of the 19th century in the process of studying professional disciplines by students of universities of culture and art and at the same time enriching the scientific experience of musicology with new discoveries in the field of American romantic music.

scholarly journals ON THE PECULIARITIES OF CHRONOTOPE IN NEW ENGLAND GOTHIC: THE HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES BY NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE AND THE HAUNTING OF HILL HOUSE BY SHIRLEY HARDIE JACKSON

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
El’mira V. Vasil’yeva
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
American Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Nathaniel Hawthorne ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
Gothic Novels ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article deals with Mikhail Bakhtin’s term «the chronotope of the castle» analysed on the material of two New England Gothic novels – «The House of the Seven Gables» by Nathaniel Hawthorne and «The Haunting of Hill House» by Shirley Hardie Jackson. The author assumes that chronotope is not just a spacetime characteristic, but a set of motifs – the motive of dark past, the motif of spatial and temporal isolation, and the motif of «sentient» house. All of these motifs were used by classic Gothic novel writers of the 1760s to 1830s, and were as well employed in later quasi-Gothic texts. At the turn of the 19th century, Gothic novel commenced its parallel development in American literature, where it subsequently became one of the national genres. American writers aspired to adapt Gothic poetics to the cultural context of the country. For instance, in New England Gothic fi ction, the chronotope of the castle was transformed into the chronotope of the «bad» house. However, the set of motifs has remained the same: both Hawthorne and Jackson consistently used the motifs, provided by British Gothic fi ction, yet they further explored them and came up with their own interpretations.

scholarly journals Was President Andrew Jackson Overcharged? An Economic Evaluation of 19th Century Surgical Charges for Urologic Procedures and their Comparison to the Modern, RVU Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Wong
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Urinary Catheterization ◽  
Andrew Jackson ◽  
Physician Billing ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Initial Objective

Objectives Surgical billing is as old as the profession of surgery but there is no published data that has characterized changes in surgical fees over history. Surgical remuneration has been better studied in the Medicare era of relative value units (RVUs)-based payment but what surgeons charged in the American 18th and 19th centuries is unknown. President Andrew Jackson underwent surgery by Dr. James Hall for a hydrocele in 1832 and was billed, and then paid, $30. Our initial objective was to determine the appropriateness of Dr. Hall’s surgical billing for that era. We then wished to determine historical trends in physician billing for similar urologic procedures in the 18th-19th centuries compared to the current RVU era, correcting for inflation. Methods Published fee tables from 18th and 19th century regional medical societies, prevailing charge data from the Center for Medicare Services (CMS) from 1967-1985, and published RVU values and conversion numbers from 1992-2020 (CMS) were used for analysis. To correct for inflation, we used a published consumer price index (CPI) for 1774-2020 indexed to 2020 US dollars. Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare unpaired differences without parametric assumptions. Results A total of 43 fee tables from 18 states from 1818-1898 were identified. The $30 charge to President Jackson for hydrocele surgery was similar to other states’ medical society recommendations of the early 1830s. Over the 19th century, there was an insignificant increase in the low-end fee pricing for hydrocele surgery of $18.4 +/- 17.9 in 1818-1840 versus $28.70 +/- 36.83 from 1880-1890 (p > .05), adjusting for inflation. Similarly, for initial male urinary catheterization, the mean surgical fee of $4.28 +/- 1.25 in 1818-1850 was similar to the $4.75 +/- 5.62 mean surgical fee in 1851-1900 (p>.05). Adjusting to 2020 dollars, however, reimbursement for urinary catheterization in 1818-1850, 1850-1900, 1975-1984, and 1992-2020 was $113.04 +/- 38.06, $131.20 +/- 169.53, $73.87 +/- 2.38, and $23.05 +/- 4.69, respectively (p<.01). of 11%. Conclusions Dr. James Hall, physician to 10 US Presidents, appropriately billed the 7th President for what would be now described as a hydrocele drainage and scarification. Fees for that procedure remained stable or decreased throughout the 19th century. Surgical fees for male urinary catheterization, however, decreased 82% from the 1840s to the 2020s, correcting for inflation.

John Hubert Craigie, 8 December 1887 - 26 February 1989

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 129-145
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oral History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mortal Danger ◽  
The Way

John Hubert Craigie was descended from Scottish crofters. His grandfather, William Craigie, the son of Hugh Craigie of Rousay, was born on Rousay, Orkneys, in 1810, and died in Canada in 1901. Life was difficult in Scotland early in the 19th century. Like many of his fellow Orkneymen, William Craigie emigrated to Canada as an indentured employee of the Hudson’s Bay Company, probably in the 1830s. In the course of his duties he crossed Canada two or three times, travelling out of York Factory on Hudson Bay. The family oral history is that William could not abide the way the Company treated native peoples; factors were expected to ply the natives with liquor and then ‘purchase’ furs for a pittance. As an ‘indentured servant’ he would be in mortal danger from the colonial authorities if he tried to leave, but he took an opportunity to escape via the USA and returned home to the Orkneys. There he married Jean Mainland. Because they could not get permission to marry on Rousay, they eloped by rowboat to be married in another village. William and Jean later emigrated to Canada, reaching the port of Pictou, Nova Scotia, in June 1842 after sailing on the barque Superior for 51 days from Thurso, Caithness.

PLANNING AND CONTROL IN THE 19th CENTURY ICE TRADE

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H. Kistler ◽  
Clairmont P. Carter ◽  
Brackston Hinchey
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes selected accounting records of the Tudor Ice Company which were devised to manage and control the far-flung business activities of Frederic Tudor, a 19th century entrepreneur who has been called America's first monopolist. Tudor's business genius lay in developing methods of harvesting, transporting, storing, and marketing commercial quantities of ice taken from New England ponds and shipped to tropical ports around the world. Frederic Tudor employed relatively sophisticated accounting techniques to analyze and control transportation costs and the costs of product shrinkage. He also routinely analyzed and translated foreign currency transactions for his geographically dispersed operations and evaluated the impact of competition on his operations.

Sewer sediment management: some historical aspects of egg-shaped sewers and flushing tanks

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Sediment Management ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
French And English ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper presents a historical review of some concepts and techniques used to manage sewer sediments and to cleanse sewers. Two aspects are illustrated: i) the use of egg-shaped and similar types of sewers in order to ensure self-cleansing velocities even during low flow periods, and ii) the use of flushing tanks to scour deposited sediments and keep sewers free of deposits. After a brief survey of antecedent periods, the paper focuses on the evolution since the middle of the 19th century. Mainly based on French and English complementary examples, because both countries were leaders in the development of urban drainage in the period 1840-1880, the paper also provides information from Germany and the USA and shows that some aspects remained rather unchanged during 150 years while other have been completely revised during the same period.

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