Trigeminal Neuropathy in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 29 Cases (1991–2000)

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp D. Mayhew ◽  
William W. Bush ◽  
Eric N. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Trigeminal Neuropathy ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Muscles Of Mastication

The medical records of 29 dogs unable to close their mouths due to flaccid paralysis or paresis of the muscles innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, were reviewed. Idiopathic trigeminal neuropathy was diagnosed in 26 dogs based on complete resolution of clinical signs and lack of any long-term neurological disease. Of these dogs, golden retrievers were over-represented. No age, sex, or seasonal predispositions were identified. Trigeminal sensory innervation deficits were observed in 35% (9/26), facial nerve deficits were observed in 8% (2/26), and Horner’s syndrome was observed in 8% (2/26) of dogs. Electromyographic examination of the muscles of mastication revealed abnormalities in seven of nine dogs. Results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis were abnormal in seven of eight dogs. Corticosteroid therapy did not affect the clinical course of the disease. Mean time to recovery was 22 days. Lymphosarcoma, Neospora caninum infection, and severe polyneuritis of unknown origin were diagnosed in three of 29 dogs at necropsy.

scholarly journals Suspected phenobarbital-induced fever in a cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511691983021
Author(s):  
Dylan M Djani ◽  
William E Draper
Keyword(s):  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Phenobarbital Administration ◽  
Work Up ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

Case summary A 3-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat developed a fever 1 week after starting the anticonvulsant phenobarbital. A diagnostic work-up for seizures and subsequent onset of fever of unknown origin, consisting of MRI of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and infectious disease testing, was unremarkable. The cat was switched from phenobarbital onto pregabalin with complete resolution of the fever within 24 h, consistent with a drug-induced fever following phenobarbital administration. Relevance and novel information While anticonvulsant hypersensitivities have been reported and studied in veterinary medicine, phenobarbital-induced fever outside of the context of systemic clinical signs has not been documented in the veterinary scientific literature. Drug-induced fever secondary to anticonvulsants should be considered in patients that develop a fever after starting anticonvulsant therapy with an unrewarding diagnostic work-up for fever of unknown origin.

Mucosal immunization confers long-term protection against intragastrically established Neospora caninum infection

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (50) ◽  
pp. 6250-6258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Ferreirinha ◽  
Alexandra Correia ◽  
Maria Teixeira-Coelho ◽  
Hugo Osório ◽  
Luzia Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Mucosal Immunization ◽  
Caninum Infection

scholarly journals Temporal Distribution and Parasite Load Kinetics in Blood and Tissues during Neospora caninum Infection in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 2491-2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Collantes-Fernández ◽  
Inmaculada López-Pérez ◽  
Gema Álvarez-García ◽  
Luis M. Ortega-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The kinetics of Neospora caninum loads in mice inoculated with NC-Liv or NC-1 isolates were studied. The acute phase was characterized by parasitemia and the detection of parasite DNA in several organs, whereas during the chronic phase, the parasite was detected mainly in the brain. Mice infected with NC-Liv developed clinical signs, showing higher brain parasite burdens than NC-1-infected mice.

Evaluation of intracavitary carboplatin chemotherapy for treatment of pleural carcinomatosis in cats: a retrospective study of eight cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Franck Floch ◽  
Laurie Boissy ◽  
Didier Lanore ◽  
David Sayag ◽  
François Serres
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Primary Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Epithelial Origin ◽  
Chemotherapy Protocol

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of intracavitary carboplatin chemotherapy in cats with malignant pleural effusion of epithelial origin. Methods The medical records of cats with a cytological diagnosis of neoplastic pleural effusion of epithelial origin were reviewed at three referral institutions between January 2013 and June 2018. Only cats treated with intracavitary carboplatin chemotherapy were enrolled. Data collection included signalment, medical history, clinical signs, pleural effusion analysis, diagnostic imaging findings, intracavitary carboplatin chemotherapy protocol, adverse events, response to chemotherapy, outcome and underlying primary tumour, if possible. Results Eight cats met the inclusion criteria. Three cats had previous surgical removal of a tumour, including a poorly differentiated primary lung carcinoma, a uterine adenocarcinoma and a benign mammary tumour. The main clinical signs were tachypnoea and/or dyspnoea, inappetence and weight loss. Thoracic radiographs revealed marked bilateral pleural effusion in all cats. Pleural fluid analysis was consistent with a modified transudate, with malignant epithelial cells on cytology, leading to a diagnosis of pleural carcinomatosis. All cats received only one cycle of intracavitary carboplatin chemotherapy at a dose of 200–240 mg/m2. Recurrence of pleural effusion was reported in 7/8 cats within 4–15 days of chemotherapy, and death was recorded in all cats within 5–16 days, owing to recurrent pleural effusion or poor general condition. The primary cancer was suspected to be of pulmonary, mammary and pancreatic origin in four cats, two cats and one cat, respectively, and of unknown origin in the remaining cat. Conclusions and relevance In this study, intracavitary carboplatin chemotherapy seems ineffective in managing neoplastic pleural effusion of epithelial origin in cats with pleural carcinomatosis. Other cytotoxic drugs and/or techniques should be investigated in the future to improve the quality of life and survival of cats with pleural carcinomatosis.

Symptomatic Narcolepsy/Cataplexy in a Dog with Brainstem Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Mari ◽  
Anita Shea
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

ABSTRACT A 4 yr old, intact female cocker spaniel was presented for investigation of acute, progressive lethargy/hypersomnia; vestibular signs; and cataplexy. A narcolepsy-cataplexy episode with associated hypertension and bradycardia was triggered during examination. There was no evidence of arrhythmia on electrocardiography during the episode. Hematology, serum biochemistry, and thoracic and abdominal imaging were unremarkable. MRI of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were compatible with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin affecting the mesencephalon, pons and rostral medulla oblongata. The dog was started on immunosuppressive treatment with prednisolone and cytosine arabinoside, which was subsequently switched to cyclosporine. Narcolepsy-cataplexy episodes could initially still be triggered by offering food; however, they gradually became shorter and less frequent until they completely subsided along with all other clinical signs after 3 wk. No relapse occurred over a 32 mo follow-up period from the diagnosis. Repeated MRI revealed marked reduction in the lesion size; cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed no abnormalities. Although very rare, symptomatic narcolepsy/cataplexy can occur in dogs and can be secondary to brainstem encephalitis. Cardiovascular changes can occur in association with narcolepsy/cataplexy and should be considered when dealing with patients presenting with these specific clinical signs.

Canine neosporosis: a case report and literature review

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ruehlmann ◽  
M Podell ◽  
M Oglesbee ◽  
JP Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Cns Lesions

A three-year-old, intact female vizsla presented for signs of an acute-onset, progressive spinal cord disease. Postmortem examination revealed multifocal central nervous system (CNS) lesions, severe pneumonia with pulmonary edema, and congestion of the liver. Protozoal cysts were found in multiple spinal cord and brain stem sections. Immunohistochemical staining positively identified these cysts as Neospora caninum. A literature review of Neospora caninum infection in the dog with summary of the pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnostic evaluation, treatment success, and pathology is presented to provide the clinician with an overview of this increasingly prevalent disease.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY IN CHRONIC AND RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Jina ◽  
Abhinav Chaudhary ◽  
U C Singh
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Diagnostic Laparoscopy ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Recurrent Abdominal Pain ◽  
Chronic Abdominal Pain ◽  
Chronic Appendicitis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Safe Technique

Background: Chronic abdominal pain is a common condition encountered by many surgeons in their clinic every day. Despite of availability of different tests in maximum cases the reason behind the pain remains unknown. Diagnostic Laparoscopy is a safe technique that can identify the cause of the pain without using any invasive method. In the present study, the use of diagnostic laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of chronic and recurrent abdominal pain of unknown origin was investigated. Material and Methods: All the patients who visited the outpatient department with chronic abdominal pain were included in this study. All the demographic parameters were included and after careful investigation diagnostic laparoscopy were conducted in all these patients. The postoperative outcomes were also recorded in all the patients. Result: Total of 51 patients was included in this study. Among these patients 23 patients were male and 28 patients were female. Maximum of the patients were in the 31-40 years of age group. The most common pathology for chronic abdominal pain was chronic appendicitis (n=9, 18%) followed by Koch's abdomen and adhesions (n=8, 16%). There were 4 cases of Carcinoma of the gall bladder and 3 cases of metastatic disease with dissemination in the peritoneal cavity and ascitis. 3 cases of liver cirrhosis and 3 cases of endometriosis were also detected. 2 cases of ovarian cysts which were missed by USG were detected correctly by laparoscopy. There were two unusual cases, one of chronic ectopic pregnancy and another of Crohn's disease. All the above findings were confirmed by direct visualizing (86%), or by biopsy (74%) or by fluid analysis. There were no long term complications in our study. Conclusion: The present study concluded that laparoscopy is a safe and effective method for diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain. Keywords: Chronic abdominal pain, diagnostic laparoscopy, recurrent abdominal pain

Vaccination of mice against experimental Neospora caninum infection using NcSAG1- and NcSRS2-based recombinant antigens and DNA vaccines

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CANNAS ◽  
A. NAGULESWARAN ◽  
N. MÜLLER ◽  
S. EPERON ◽  
B. GOTTSTEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Recombinant Antigen ◽  
Eukaryotic Expression ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Specific Pcr

NcSAG1 and NcSRS2, the two major immunodominant tachyzoite surface antigens of the apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum, were investigated for their potential as vaccine candidates in mice. Recombinant recNcSRS2 and recNcSAG1 were expressed in Escherichia coli as poly-histidine-tagged fusion proteins. Separate groups of mice were immunized with purified recNcSAG1, recNcSRS2, or a combination of both, and were then challenged with N. caninum tachyzoites. Subsequent experiments included intramuscular vaccination of mice with the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3 containing either NcSRS2 or NcSAG1 cDNA inserts, followed by a single booster with the corresponding recombinant antigens. Immunization with a crude somatic antigen (NC1-extract) was included in the experiments. Following challenge, the presence of the parasite in the different organs was assessed by a N. caninum-specific PCR, while the parasite burden in infected brain tissue was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Immunization of mice employing individual recombinant antigens, or combined recNcSAG1/recNcSRS2, resulted in a lower degree of protection against cerebral infection, when compared to combined DNA/recombinant antigen vaccination. Serological analysis showed that this protective effect was associated with the occurrence of antibodies directed against native parasite antigens in those animals receiving combined DNA/recombinant antigen vaccination. Conversely, mice immunized with recombinant antigens alone generated antibodies recognizing only the recombinant antigens. Mice experiencing clinical signs such as walking disorders, rounded back, apathy and paralysis were observed only in the untreated positive control groups, but never in the vaccinated groups. Our results suggest that a combined DNA/recombinant antigen-vaccine, based on NcSAG1 and NcSRS2, respectively, exhibited a highly significant protective effect against experimentally induced cerebral neosporosis in mice.

Hashimoto encephalopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (33) ◽  
pp. 1312-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Pocsay ◽  
Andrea Gazdag ◽  
József Engelhardt ◽  
István Szaniszló ◽  
Zoltán Szolnoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibodies ◽  
Hashimoto Encephalopathy ◽  
Generalized Seizures

The authors present a case report and review the literature on Hashimoto encephalopathy. The onset of the disease may be marked by focal and then progressively generalized seizures or other neurological symptoms, but a cognitive decline or various psychiatric symptoms may also emerge. High levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies are present in the serum. Corticosteroid treatment usually results in an improvement of symptoms. The syndrome is frequently overlooked and, therefore, the authors strongly recommend testing serum thyroid autoantibodies in cases with encephalopathy of unknown origin independently on the presence of thyroid disease in the patient or family history. The importance of long-term immunosuppressive treatment should also be stressed. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1312–1316.

scholarly journals Brain Abscess Caused by Nocardia: Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Finger ◽  
Maria Eduarda Conte Gripa ◽  
Tiago Paczko Bozko Cecchini ◽  
Tobias Ludwig do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Brain Abscesses

AbstractNocardia brain abscess is a rare clinical entity, accounting for 2% of all brain abscesses, associated with high morbidity and a mortality rate 3 times higher than brain abscesses caused by other bacteria. Proper investigation and treatment, characterized by a long-term antibiotic therapy, play an important role on the outcome of the patient. The authors describe a case of a patient without neurological comorbidities who developed clinical signs of right occipital lobe impairment and seizures, whose investigation demonstrated brain abscess caused by Nocardia spp. The patient was treated surgically followed by antibiotic therapy with a great outcome after 1 year of follow-up.

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