Clinical, MRI, and Histopathological Features of Hypothalamic Neuronal Hamartoma in a Young Vizsla

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bibbiani ◽  
Sara Canal ◽  
Daiana Marabese ◽  
Maria T. Mandara ◽  
Greta Foiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
First Report ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Clinical Mri

ABSTRACT Human hypothalamic neuronal hamartomas are rare, nonprogressive, congenital malformations of the hypothalamus that do not expand or metastasize to other locations. A 1 yr old female vizsla was presented for progressive intracranial multifocal neurological signs already present since adoption at 3 mo of age. MRI of the brain showed an ill-defined, intra-axial, space-occupying, nonenhancing lesion located in the ventral middle cranial fossa. Histopathological examination was consistent with hypothalamic neuronal hamartoma. This is the first report describing clinical, imaging, and histopathological features of a hypothalamic neuronal hamartoma in a dog. These findings are compared with the human counterparts.

scholarly journals Cerebral gliosarcoma with perivascular involvement in a cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691987978
Author(s):  
Patricia Álvarez ◽  
Annette Wessmann ◽  
Mireia Pascual ◽  
Oriol Comas ◽  
Dolors Pi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Soft Mass ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Clinical Mri ◽  
Gross Examination

Case summary A 5-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented with an 18-month history of facial tics, and progressive general ataxia, weakness, lethargy and anorexia of 2 weeks’ duration. MRI of the brain showed a well-defined heterogeneous hyperintense mass on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, with central hypointensity in the rostral commissure and septum pellucidum, and perilesional hyperintensity in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, suggestive of perilesional oedema. Gross examination in a transverse section of the brain at the level of the septum pellucidum revealed a 0.2 cm brown soft mass. Histopathological examination identified a biphasic neoplastic proliferation of mesenchymal and neuroepithelial cell populations. Fusiform cells were predominately distributed in bundles showing a high degree of anisocytosis and marked immune-positive reaction to vimentin immunochemistry, confirming a sarcomatous origin. Additionally, high numbers of astrocytic cells were identified by an intense immunopositive reaction to glial fibrillary acidic protein and negative reaction to oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 immunochemistry. Vascular invasion of the neoplasia into the wall of a medium branch of the rostral cerebral artery was present (secondary Scherer structures). Based on these characteristics, the tumour was defined as a gliosarcoma. Gliosarcoma is a recognised astrocytoma grade IV anaplastic glial cell tumour with sarcomatous differentiation. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a cerebral gliosarcoma in a cat including clinical, MRI, macroscopic and histopathological features and immunolabelling characteristics.

Multiple Intracranial Epidermoids located in the Brain Stem and the Middle Cranial Fossa

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeki OGAWA ◽  
Hiroaki SEKINO ◽  
Takaharu FUSE ◽  
Norio NAKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The First Report of Elaphostrongylus cervi Infection in Two Imported Wapitis (Cervus canadensis) in Slovenia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Petra Bandelj ◽  
Polona Juntes ◽  
Gorazd Vengušt ◽  
Diana Žele Vengušt
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Cervus Canadensis ◽  
The Brain

This study describes two female wapitis (Cervus canadensis) with neurological signs associated with an Elaphostrongylus cervi (E. cervi) infection. The original host of the nematode parasite is the Eurasian red deer (Cervus elaphus), although other cervids and small ruminants may also be affected. The two wapitis imported from Canada were kept in an enclosure with the Slovenian red deer herd. After developing debilitating neurological signs, the wapitis were euthanized and examined for possible causes. A histopathological examination of the brain of the first wapiti revealed severe diffuse perivascular meningoencephalitis with chronic vasculitis, and some cross-sections of nematodes were found in the leptomeninges. A necropsy of the second wapiti revealed severe pachymeningitis and leptomeningitis, where several adult nematode parasites were found. E. cervi was confirmed by molecular methods. The prevalence of E. cervi in the European red deer population is high, but no study has been conducted to assess its prevalence in Slovenia. This was the first confirmation of E. cervi in Slovenia and the first infection with this parasite described in Europe in a wapiti. Elaphostrongylus cervi should also be considered as a differential diagnosis in Europe for all ruminants grazing on pastures frequented by red deer and showing neurological clinical signs.

THE SERIAL ORGANIZATION OF SUCKING IN THE YOUNG INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Nutritive Sucking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Congenital Malformations ◽  
The Brain

The sucking rhythms of infants with a benign perinatal course are compared to those of infants with a history of perinatal distress. The ontogenesis of sucking rhythms, and the sucking patterns of children with major congenital malformations of the brain and various metabolic disorders are described. The analysis of rhythms of non-nutritive sucking discriminates to a statistically significant degree between normal infants and infants with a history of perinatal distress who have no gross neurological signs.

scholarly journals Primary histiocytic sarcoma in the brain with renal metastasis causing internal ophthalmoparesis and external ophthalmoplegia in a Maine Coon cat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692110385
Author(s):  
Susana Monteiro ◽  
Katherine Hughes ◽  
Marie-Aude Genain ◽  
Lisa Alves
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Renal Metastasis ◽  
Axial Mass ◽  
Dural Tail ◽  
Neurological Presentation ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Mri Characteristics ◽  
The Brain

Case summary An 11-year-old neutered male Maine Coon cat was presented for investigation of anisocoria and depression. Neurological examination was consistent with a lesion at the level of the middle cranial fossa, and biochemistry was indicative of moderate renal functional impairment. MRI of the brain identified an extra-axial mass lesion at the level of the middle cranial fossa, T2-weighted hyperintense and strongly homogeneously contrast enhancing with dural tail. The cat was euthanased after 6 weeks of palliative treatment with corticosteroids. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the brain, the intra-cranial mass and the renal masses found on necropsy were consistent with histiocytic sarcoma. Relevance and novel information Central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma is a rare finding in cats. This original case report describes the neurological presentation, novel MRI characteristics and pathological findings of suspected primary histiocytic sarcoma affecting the brain with renal metastasis in a cat.

scholarly journals Aneurysmal bone cyst: а case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Sh. A. Aul ◽  
A. G. Bobylev ◽  
T. M. Shogunbenkov ◽  
А. M. Gazeev ◽  
E. A. Osipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Nerve Paresis ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Brain

The study objective is to describe a clinical case of intracranial aneurysmal bone cyst in a 9-year-old patient with peripheral facial nerve paresis on the left.Materials and methods. In a 9-year-old patient with facial asymmetry and pain syndrome on the results of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with contrast in the upper edge of the left temporal bone pyramid revealed inhomogeneous encapsulated lesion with the level of media separation in the structure, high-intensity zones on T1and T2-weighted images, additional intracranial lesion in the left temporal region. Multispiral computer tomography of the brain revealed a cystic-solid lesion with clear contours, causing destruction of the pyramid of the left temporal bone. Lesion spreads to the middle cranial fossa with compression of the basal parts of the left temporal lobe. The diagnosis was made: neoplasm of the left temporal bone (possibly primary cholesteatoma) with destruction of the pyramid and petrosal part of the temporal bone and clivus with suppuration and formation of abscess of the left temporal lobe. Left facial nerve paresis. Osteo-plastic trepanation of the skull in the left temporal region, microsurgical removal of the tumor of the base of the middle cranial fossa on the left and plastic of the skull base defect with abdominal fat were performed.Results. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient complained of moderate headaches in the area of operative access. The wound healed by primary tension. Positive dynamics in neurological status in the form of regression of left facial nerve paresis was noted. Based on the data of morphological and immunohistochemical studies, an aneurysmal bone cyst was diagnosed.Conclusion. The method of choice in the treatment of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull base is the en block removal. In case of impossibility of carrying out radical operation radiotherapy and embolization of the vessels feeding a cyst can be used, however convincing researches about their efficiency in such cases are not published. Aneurysmal bone cyst is uncommon, and to differentiate it from chondroblastoma, teleangiectatic osteosarcoma and giant cell tumors is rather difficult, therefore, it is necessary to increase the level of knowledge about this nosology.

A STUDY ON PATTERN OF INTRACRANIAL INJURIES IN CASES OF FATAL HEAD INJURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Ritu Ritu ◽  
Sohan Prasad Choudhary ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Fall From Height ◽  
Comminuted Fractures ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Dissection Technique ◽  
The Brain

Head injuries are the most common cause of death in trauma patients throughout the world. These injuries occur due to many causes most common of them being road trafc accidents, followed by fall, assault, etc. The dissection technique of scalp, skull and dura was in accordance with the procedures suggested by Gresham GA and Turner AF and the brain dissection as suggested by Ludwig J. Among the 42 cases, highest number of cases was between the age of 51-60 years with 12 cases (28.6%) and the lowest < 20 years with 4 cases (9.5%). The highest number of cases were seen among the upper middle class with 19(45.2%). There were 30 (71.4%) cases of road trafc accidents and the remaining 12 (28.6%) were case of fall (fall from height, fall of objects etc). Among the cases with skull fracture 23.8% (10) had linear fractures, 11.9% (5) had comminuted fracture, 2.4% (1) had diastatic fracture and others (61.9%) had no fractures. Subdural hemorrhage was the commonest (n=34) intracranial injury observed. Highest number of fractures were present in the middle cranial fossa (n=16) among them 11 was linear fractures and 5 were comminuted fractures.

Hemangiosarcoma in skin, brain and spinal cord of a bitch – case report

2018 ◽  
Vol XXIII (134) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Felipe Noleto de Paiva ◽  
Vitor Eduardo Arantes de Barros ◽  
Eric Saymom Andrade Brito ◽  
Adilson Donizeti Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Hemangiosarcoma is a neoplasm which originates from the vascular endothelium, presenting itself in two distinct forms, visceral and non-visceral. The visceral form occurs mainly in the spleen, with main foci of metastasis in the lungs, liver, omentum and mesentery, affecting the central nervous system in rare cases. The present study reports on a case of hemangiosarcoma in a bitch, with cutaneous and central nervous system involvement. The animal presented important neurological signs with an acute clinical evolution, and was submitted to euthanasia. Necroscopic examination revealed multiple cutaneous nodules and masses in the brain and spinal cord, which were submitted to histopathological examination. The final diagnosis was hemangiosarcoma.

scholarly journals Severe Constricted Head – An Extreme Form Of Crouzon Syndrome Posing Challenging Fronto-Orbital Advancement : Case Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ciptomurti Lupitasari ◽  
Lobredia Zarasade ◽  
Magda Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Crouzon Syndrome ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Lambdoid Synostosis ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Brain

Background : Constricted head or cloverleaf deformity in Crouzon syndrome is a severe form of the syndrome involving trilobed coronal and lambdoid synostosis. Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans is distinct from the classic Crouzon syndrome, characterized by thick and dark skin in body folds. The major problems resulting from constricted head are related to craniostenosis, orbitostenosis developing from abnormalities of the skull base associated with progressive rise in intracranial and intraorbital pressures which could progress to hydrocephalus and cerebellar herniation. Case: Two cases with severe Crouzon syndrome were reported. The first was a five month old girl associated with acanthosis nigricans and the other was a sixteen month old boy, both whose phenotypic expressions were at the extreme severe end of the disease spectrum. On examination there was serious corneal exposure, visual loss, severely narrow head, midface hypoplasia, and beaked nose. CT scan showed typical cloverleaf skull, expanded middle cranial fossa, foreshortened anterior and posterior fossae and honeycomb appearance in the occiput involving pansutural synostosis and extensive copper beaten deformity from the high intracranial pressure . Both were complicated with hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt. This required an arduous effort in releasing the brain from the multiply punctured calvaria, avoiding excessive dural tear and bleeding and ultimately preserving the brain. Excessive bleeding was also caused by the raised ICP. Both patients are planned to undergo occipital expansion three months later. Conclusion: Severely constricted head in Crouzon syndrome is an extreme manifestation and late stage of the syndrome which not only will result in irreversible complication but will require meticulous surgical technique.

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