Successful Treatment of Congenital Lobar Emphysema in Multiple Lung Lobes in an English Bulldog Puppy

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Penny J. Regier ◽  
Aitor Gallastegui ◽  
William F. Craft
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
English Bulldog ◽  
Lung Lobes

ABSTRACT A 5 mo old male intact English bulldog was evaluated at a veterinary referral hospital for acute respiratory distress and chronic difficulty breathing. Thoracic radiographs revealed multifocal pulmonary hyperinflation and hyperlucency suspected in the left caudal and accessory lung lobes. A thoracic computed tomography scan identified severe diffuse enlargement of the caudal subsegment of the left cranial lung lobe and the dorsal process of the accessory lung lobe, with parenchymal hypoattenuation, rounded margins, and thin pulmonary vessels. Based on clinical signs and imaging findings, he was diagnosed with suspect congenital lobar emphysema in multiple lung lobes. A median sternotomy was performed, which revealed a hyperinflated, emphysematous left cranial lung lobe (caudal subsegment) and accessory lung lobe for which two lung lobectomies were performed. The remaining lung lobes were small and atelectatic. Histopathology revealed bronchial cartilage hypoplasia and aplasia and findings consistent with congenital lobar emphysema. The puppy recovered well from surgical treatment of congenital lobar emphysema, requiring multiple lung lobectomies, with subsequent computed tomography–evidenced re-expansion of the remaining lung lobes 3 mo after surgery. The patient is still alive 1 yr after surgery with a normal activity level and no evidence of respiratory compromise.

Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of lung lobe torsions in cats: a review of 10 cases (2000–2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110548
Author(s):  
Catherine Tindale ◽  
Filippo Cinti ◽  
Matteo Cantatore ◽  
Alistair Freeman ◽  
Leonardo Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Lobes

Case series summary Lung lobe torsion is rare in cats. The aim of this multi-institution retrospective study was to describe clinical and diagnostic findings, treatments and outcomes of lung lobe torsion (LLT) in 10 cats. Dyspnoea and tachypnoea were the most common clinical signs. Pleural effusion was present in nine cats at presentation. Fluid analysis confirmed chylothorax in three cats. Nine cats underwent CT and five cats had thoracic radiographs taken. A diagnosis was made preoperatively in six cats, while in the other four cats it was made at exploratory thoracotomy. Affected lung lobes were the right cranial (n = 4/11), left cranial (n = 4/11) and right middle (n = 3/11). One cat had a concurrent torsion of two lung lobes. Lung lobectomy was successfully performed in all cases. Based on clinical, diagnostic and lung histopathology findings, three cats had idiopathic and seven cats secondary LLT. Intraoperative complications included hypotension and hypothermia in four and five cats, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in six cats and lead to euthanasia or death in four cats, whereas complications resolved in the other two cats. Three cats were euthanased within 5 weeks of discharge. For the three cats surviving long term, including one euthanased at 252 days postoperatively, owner-described outcomes and quality of life were considered good to excellent. Relevance and novel information Secondary LLT associated with underlying thoracic pathology was associated with high complication rates and poor outcomes. Long-term outcomes of cats undergoing surgery for LLT and surviving the perioperative period were deemed good to excellent.

Constrictive Bronchiolitis Obliterans in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Lynn Wylie ◽  
Daniel Langlois ◽  
Stephan Carey ◽  
Nathan C. Nelson ◽  
Kurt J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Bronchiolitis Obliterans ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Airway Lumen ◽  
Alveolar Collapse ◽  
Airway Pathology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lung Lobes

ABSTRACTA 2 yr old, neutered male rottweiler was evaluated for a chronic cough that had acutely worsened. Computed tomographic examination revealed a diffuse alveolar pattern in the right, middle, and left cranial lung lobes. Aerated parenchymal tissue was not observed in the left cranial lung lobe, and both lobes were markedly decreased in volume. Lobectomy of the right middle and left cranial lung lobes was performed. Histopathologic examination of both lungs identified alveolar collapse associated with marked chronic bronchial and bronchiolar luminal concentric fibrosis leading to reduced airway lumen diameter and bronchiolar destruction. The clinical signs and airway pathology were consistent with constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans. The dog remained stable for over 2 yr with glucocorticoid therapy and intermittent antimicrobics. Although the polypoid form of bronchiolitis obliterans has been described in cattle and occasionally in dogs, constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans has not been reported previously in veterinary species.

Spontaneous lung lobe torsion in two pugs

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Rooney ◽  
O Lanz ◽  
E Monnet
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Respiratory Effort ◽  
Stapling Device ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lung Lobes

Two, young adult, male pugs presented for spontaneous left-cranial lung lobe torsions. Clinical signs associated with these two cases included increased weakness, increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, acute collapse, lethargy, anorexia, and cyanosis. The torsed lung lobes were excised using a thoracoabdominal stapling device without detorsing the lobes. Both dogs recovered uneventfully, and at least one year postoperatively, no clinical abnormalities were noted by their owners. Results of this report suggest that spontaneous lung lobe torsion in pugs occurs and should be a differential diagnosis for pugs with increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, nonproductive cough, acute collapse, cyanosis, and lethargy. Surgical excision may be curative.

Spontaneous Feline Pneumothorax Caused by Ruptured Pulmonary Bullae Associated With Possible Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie E. Milne ◽  
Christina McCowan ◽  
Ben P. Landon
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
First Case ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lung Lobes

Spontaneous pneumothorax is rarely reported in the cat. This case report describes the use of computed tomography (CT) to diagnose pulmonary bullae in an adult cat with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. A large bulla in the right middle lung lobe and several blebs in other lobes were identified by CT. Partial lobectomy of the right middle and right and left cranial lung lobes was successfully performed to remove the affected portions of lung. Histopathological examination suggested bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as the underlying cause for development of the pulmonary bulla. This is the first case report in the veterinary literature describing the use of CT to identify pulmonary bullae in the cat with BPD as a possible underlying cause.

The diagnostic value of multislice computed tomography in children with congenital lobar emphysema

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang-Wei Song ◽  
Wen Ge ◽  
Chong-Yong Xu ◽  
Bi-Dong Fang ◽  
Cao-Ying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Lobar Emphysema

scholarly journals A 2D–3D hybrid convolutional neural network for lung lobe auto-segmentation on standard slice thickness computed tomography of patients receiving radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengle Gu ◽  
Wutian Gan ◽  
Chenchen Zhang ◽  
Aihui Feng ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Lung Lobes

Abstract Background Accurate segmentation of lung lobe on routine computed tomography (CT) images of locally advanced stage lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy can help radiation oncologists to implement lobar-level treatment planning, dose assessment and efficacy prediction. We aim to establish a novel 2D–3D hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) to provide reliable lung lobe auto-segmentation results in the clinical setting. Methods We retrospectively collected and evaluated thorax CT scans of 105 locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated at our institution from June 2019 to August 2020. The CT images were acquired with 5 mm slice thickness. Two CNNs were used for lung lobe segmentation, a 3D CNN for extracting 3D contextual information and a 2D CNN for extracting texture information. Contouring quality was evaluated using six quantitative metrics and visual evaluation was performed to assess the clinical acceptability. Results For the 35 cases in the test group, Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of all lung lobes contours exceeded 0.75, which met the pass criteria of the segmentation result. Our model achieved high performances with DSC as high as 0.9579, 0.9479, 0.9507, 0.9484, and 0.9003 for left upper lobe (LUL), left lower lobe (LLL), right upper lobe (RUL), right lower lobe (RLL), and right middle lobe (RML), respectively. The proposed model resulted in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 99.57, 98.23, 99.65 for LUL; 99.6, 96.14, 99.76 for LLL; 99.67, 96.13, 99.81 for RUL; 99.72, 92.38, 99.83 for RML; 99.58, 96.03, 99.78 for RLL, respectively. Clinician's visual assessment showed that 164/175 lobe contours met the requirements for clinical use, only 11 contours need manual correction. Conclusions Our 2D–3D hybrid CNN model achieved accurate automatic segmentation of lung lobes on conventional slice-thickness CT of locally advanced lung cancer patients, and has good clinical practicability.

scholarly journals Congenital lobar emphysema in bilateral lung lobes: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Lei ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Rong Ju
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Bilateral Lung ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Lung Lobes

scholarly journals Flexible Bronchoscopy Findings in Children with Congenital Lobar Emphysema: 8-Year Data from a Single Center Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokcen Tugcu ◽  
Sanem Eryılmaz ◽  
Şule AKYAN SOYDAŞ ◽  
Ece Ocak ◽  
Murat Gençoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Partial Obstruction ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Lung Lobes

Introduction:Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare developmental lung malformation that involves the hyperaeration of one or more lung lobes due to partial obstruction and occurs at a rate of 1/20,000–30,000 live births.Here,we aimed to retrospectively examine the clinical, radiological, and bronchoscopy findings of patients with CLE who were diagnosed and treated with surgical or conservative approaches in our clinic to compare our results with those in the literature. Method:We examined the clinical, and radiological data and FB findings of the patients with CLE aged 0–18 years at our center between 2013 and 2020.We also examined the symptoms and findings recorded during the patients’ follow-up. Results:.The median age of 20 patients with CLE at diagnosis was 3.2 years (range, 1 day–17 years).Respiratory distress and mediastinal shift were more prominent in the patients who underwent surgery than the patients who were followed up conservatively and diagnosed at an early age (p = 0.001, p = 0.049, p = 0.001, respectively). Discussion: In line with studies in the literature, the pulmonary symptoms and CLE-related imaging findings in our study regressed during the conservative follow-up.We recommend clinicians consider performing a detailed anamnesis for patients with unresolved respiratory symptoms and unilateral or bilateral increased ventilation,along with appropriate imaging tests and examinations, and should consider CLE in the diagnosis.

scholarly journals An Unusual Presentation of Congenital Lobar Emphysema

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Arnaud ◽  
Joseph Varon ◽  
Salim Surani
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Alveolar Septum ◽  
Lobar Emphysema

Congenital lobar emphysema is an uncommon bronchopulmonary malformation characterized by lobar overinflation and accompanying alveolar septum damage that leads to compression atelectasis of the lung parenchyma and displacement of mediastinal structures, with the resultant ventilation-perfusion mismatch. We present a case of a 33-year-old lady with progressive exertional dyspnea. Chest radiograph findings lead to the suspicion of congenital lobar emphysema, which was then confirmed by a computed tomography (CT) scan. This condition is most commonly identified in newborns, with very few cases being reported in adults. Lobectomy remains the treatment of choice and in general has good outcome.

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