Constrictive Bronchiolitis Obliterans in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Lynn Wylie ◽  
Daniel Langlois ◽  
Stephan Carey ◽  
Nathan C. Nelson ◽  
Kurt J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Bronchiolitis Obliterans ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Airway Lumen ◽  
Alveolar Collapse ◽  
Airway Pathology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lung Lobes

ABSTRACTA 2 yr old, neutered male rottweiler was evaluated for a chronic cough that had acutely worsened. Computed tomographic examination revealed a diffuse alveolar pattern in the right, middle, and left cranial lung lobes. Aerated parenchymal tissue was not observed in the left cranial lung lobe, and both lobes were markedly decreased in volume. Lobectomy of the right middle and left cranial lung lobes was performed. Histopathologic examination of both lungs identified alveolar collapse associated with marked chronic bronchial and bronchiolar luminal concentric fibrosis leading to reduced airway lumen diameter and bronchiolar destruction. The clinical signs and airway pathology were consistent with constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans. The dog remained stable for over 2 yr with glucocorticoid therapy and intermittent antimicrobics. Although the polypoid form of bronchiolitis obliterans has been described in cattle and occasionally in dogs, constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans has not been reported previously in veterinary species.

Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of lung lobe torsions in cats: a review of 10 cases (2000–2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110548
Author(s):  
Catherine Tindale ◽  
Filippo Cinti ◽  
Matteo Cantatore ◽  
Alistair Freeman ◽  
Leonardo Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Lobes

Case series summary Lung lobe torsion is rare in cats. The aim of this multi-institution retrospective study was to describe clinical and diagnostic findings, treatments and outcomes of lung lobe torsion (LLT) in 10 cats. Dyspnoea and tachypnoea were the most common clinical signs. Pleural effusion was present in nine cats at presentation. Fluid analysis confirmed chylothorax in three cats. Nine cats underwent CT and five cats had thoracic radiographs taken. A diagnosis was made preoperatively in six cats, while in the other four cats it was made at exploratory thoracotomy. Affected lung lobes were the right cranial (n = 4/11), left cranial (n = 4/11) and right middle (n = 3/11). One cat had a concurrent torsion of two lung lobes. Lung lobectomy was successfully performed in all cases. Based on clinical, diagnostic and lung histopathology findings, three cats had idiopathic and seven cats secondary LLT. Intraoperative complications included hypotension and hypothermia in four and five cats, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in six cats and lead to euthanasia or death in four cats, whereas complications resolved in the other two cats. Three cats were euthanased within 5 weeks of discharge. For the three cats surviving long term, including one euthanased at 252 days postoperatively, owner-described outcomes and quality of life were considered good to excellent. Relevance and novel information Secondary LLT associated with underlying thoracic pathology was associated with high complication rates and poor outcomes. Long-term outcomes of cats undergoing surgery for LLT and surviving the perioperative period were deemed good to excellent.

Computed Tomographic Features of Pneumothorax Secondary to a Bronchopleural Fistula in Two Dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jantra N. Suran ◽  
Annie J. Lo ◽  
Jennifer A. Reetz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Bronchopleural Fistula ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Foreign Body Migration ◽  
Multiplanar Reformatting ◽  
The Right ◽  
Identification And Characterization

A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) can lead to continuous pneumothorax and is rarely reported clinically in dogs. This report describes computed tomographic (CT) findings in two dogs with BPFs and subsequent continuous pneumothoraces that necessitated thoracotomy. Both dogs had a peripheral BPF in the right caudal lung lobe. The fistula in one dog was secondary to a previous foreign body migration, and the fistula in the other was thought to be secondary to dirofilariasis. On both CT examinations, a dilated subsegmental bronchus was seen communicating with the pleural space at the center of a focal, concave region of parenchymal consolidation. Multiplanar reformatting aided in identification and characterization of the BPF. The pneumothoraces resolved after right caudal lobectomy in both dogs. CT has the potential to identify BPFs, such as secondary to foreign body migration or dirofilariasis.

scholarly journals Clinical, computed tomographic and histopathological findings in two cats with pulmonary fibrosis of unknown aetiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692096872
Author(s):  
Eleanor C Duffy ◽  
Sally Griffin ◽  
Erin M O’Connell ◽  
Jeremy R Mortier
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Reticular Pattern ◽  
Fibrotic Lung Disease ◽  
The Right

Case series summary Two cats were presented for further investigation of respiratory signs. One cat had a history of a cough and the other, tachypnoea. In each case, thoracic CT was performed, which revealed a generalised marked reticular pattern in the first cat and focal consolidation of the right caudal lung lobe in the second cat. The first cat was euthanased following completion of the imaging study and a post-mortem examination was performed. The second cat underwent surgical excision of the abnormal lung lobe and survived for 4 years after diagnosis. Histopathology performed on lung tissue removed from each cat was consistent with pulmonary fibrosis. Relevance and novel information This small case series adds to the existing literature and highlights the heterogeneous clinical course and variable appearance of pulmonary fibrosis on CT of affected cats. These cases provide evidence that pulmonary fibrosis in cats incorporates a wide spectrum of fibrotic lung disease and demonstrates the possibility for prolonged survival following diagnosis where disease is localised and amenable to surgical resection.

Spontaneous lung lobe torsion in two pugs

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Rooney ◽  
O Lanz ◽  
E Monnet
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Respiratory Effort ◽  
Stapling Device ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lung Lobes

Two, young adult, male pugs presented for spontaneous left-cranial lung lobe torsions. Clinical signs associated with these two cases included increased weakness, increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, acute collapse, lethargy, anorexia, and cyanosis. The torsed lung lobes were excised using a thoracoabdominal stapling device without detorsing the lobes. Both dogs recovered uneventfully, and at least one year postoperatively, no clinical abnormalities were noted by their owners. Results of this report suggest that spontaneous lung lobe torsion in pugs occurs and should be a differential diagnosis for pugs with increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, nonproductive cough, acute collapse, cyanosis, and lethargy. Surgical excision may be curative.

Spontaneous Feline Pneumothorax Caused by Ruptured Pulmonary Bullae Associated With Possible Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie E. Milne ◽  
Christina McCowan ◽  
Ben P. Landon
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
First Case ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lung Lobes

Spontaneous pneumothorax is rarely reported in the cat. This case report describes the use of computed tomography (CT) to diagnose pulmonary bullae in an adult cat with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. A large bulla in the right middle lung lobe and several blebs in other lobes were identified by CT. Partial lobectomy of the right middle and right and left cranial lung lobes was successfully performed to remove the affected portions of lung. Histopathological examination suggested bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as the underlying cause for development of the pulmonary bulla. This is the first case report in the veterinary literature describing the use of CT to identify pulmonary bullae in the cat with BPD as a possible underlying cause.

Age-bodyweight relationships to lung growth in the F344 rat as indexed by lung weight measurements

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Tillery ◽  
B. E. Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
F344 Rat ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
F344 Rats ◽  
Lung Lobes

Measurements of the total lung weights and the individual weights of the lung lobes of male F344 rats ranging in age from about 30 days to 140 days or more were made in order to determine how lung growth and the growths of the individual lung lobes relate to bodyweight over the course of maturation of this species. Additionally, in this study we also (1) compared how each lung lobe grows relative to total lung growth, (2) evaluated the ratios of lung dry weight to wet weight and (3) obtained information on the weights of the trachea and extra-hilar main-stem bronchi as the F344 rat matures. The wet weights WLT of the trachea-lung preparations and the pooled lobe weights WPL as functions of rat bodyweight WB could be readily described by the following logarithmic expressions: WLT = 0·596 ln WB - 1·923, r = 0·95; WPL = 0·464 ln WB - 1·566, r = 0·96. Expressed as percentages of the pooled lobe weights, the individual lobes remained at constant values as the animals grew with the exception of the right caudal lobe which decreased between bodyweights of 72 and 96 g; absolute wet weight measurements of the individual lobes indicated that the right cranial, right middle and right intermediate lobes actually decreased in weight between bodyweights of 300 and 385 g. The dry weights of the lobes consistently represented approximately 22% of the wet weights regardless of animal age or bodyweight, and on average the airways represented about 20% of the weights of the intact airway-lung preparations over the course of animal maturation.

Successful Treatment of Congenital Lobar Emphysema in Multiple Lung Lobes in an English Bulldog Puppy

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Penny J. Regier ◽  
Aitor Gallastegui ◽  
William F. Craft
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
English Bulldog ◽  
Lung Lobes

ABSTRACT A 5 mo old male intact English bulldog was evaluated at a veterinary referral hospital for acute respiratory distress and chronic difficulty breathing. Thoracic radiographs revealed multifocal pulmonary hyperinflation and hyperlucency suspected in the left caudal and accessory lung lobes. A thoracic computed tomography scan identified severe diffuse enlargement of the caudal subsegment of the left cranial lung lobe and the dorsal process of the accessory lung lobe, with parenchymal hypoattenuation, rounded margins, and thin pulmonary vessels. Based on clinical signs and imaging findings, he was diagnosed with suspect congenital lobar emphysema in multiple lung lobes. A median sternotomy was performed, which revealed a hyperinflated, emphysematous left cranial lung lobe (caudal subsegment) and accessory lung lobe for which two lung lobectomies were performed. The remaining lung lobes were small and atelectatic. Histopathology revealed bronchial cartilage hypoplasia and aplasia and findings consistent with congenital lobar emphysema. The puppy recovered well from surgical treatment of congenital lobar emphysema, requiring multiple lung lobectomies, with subsequent computed tomography–evidenced re-expansion of the remaining lung lobes 3 mo after surgery. The patient is still alive 1 yr after surgery with a normal activity level and no evidence of respiratory compromise.

scholarly journals Thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy using hem-o-lok clips in a dog with lung lobe torsion: a case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
SY Lee ◽  
SJ Park ◽  
SH. Seok ◽  
YK. Kim ◽  
HC. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
One Lung Ventilation ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Lobectomy ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Right

An eleven-year-old, 3-kg, intact female Maltese was presented for depression, anorexia and dyspnoea. Thoracic radiographs showed right-side pleural effusion, a vesicular emphysema pattern and consolidation of the right middle lung lobe. A presumptive diagnosis of lung lobe torsion (LLT) in the right middle lobe was made using a computed tomography scan. Thoracoscopic exploration was performed without one-lung ventilation in the right hemithorax. Pleural fluid and engorgement of the torsed lung lobe were observed. A total lung lobectomy of the right middle lung lobe was performed with a thoracoscopic-assisted procedure using hem-o-lok clips applied to the hilus. The dog was discharged three days after surgery, and no recurrence of the clinical signs of disease related to the respiratory system was observed during the follow-up time period of six months. Based on these findings, we conclude that thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy using hem-o-lok clips is a minimally invasive surgical alternative to thoracotomy and successful operative intervention for lung lesions in small breed dogs.  

Volume-controlled Bronchopulmonary Lavage of Normal and Pneumonic Calves

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Lay ◽  
D. O. Slauson ◽  
W. L. Castleman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
The Right ◽  
Volume Controlled ◽  
Lung Lobes

Saline bronchopulmonary lavage of the right lung of 16 anesthetized calves was performed using a single-lumen cuffed endotracheal tube. The initial volume of saline introduced was based on the functional residual capacity (FRC) of the right lung lobes as determined from the proportional weights of the right (58% of total FRC) and left (42% of total FRC) lung lobes. Calves were divided into “pneumonic” and “normal” groups based on clinical signs. Five sequential washes were done on each calf. There was no difference in the percentage of total lavage fluid volume recoverable between normal (83.8 ± 4.2%) and pneumonic (81.1 ± 8.2%) calves. Cell yield in the initial wash was consistently greater than in subsequent washes for both normal (12.7 ± 6.6 × 106 cells/kg body weight) and pneumonic (58.1 ± 37.6 × 106 cells/kg body weight) calves, and constituted 62.0% (normal) and 75.4% (pneumonic) of the total recoverable cell yield. Total cell yields were higher ( P < 0.05) in pneumonic calves, primarily due to neutrophil leukocytes (PMN). Neutrophils constituted 53.7 ± 25% of the total cell yield in the pneumonic calves, but only 12.3 ± 9.5% in the normal calves. The pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) was the major recoverable cell in normal calves (85.7 ± 8.7% of total lavage cells). Macrophages constituted a smaller (42.9 ±23.5) percentage of the total lavage cells in the pneumonic group due to increased PMN numbers. Viability of recovered cells from the pneumonic calves (91.5 ± 4.8%) was lower than for the normal calves (94.1 ± 2.5%), but the difference was not significant. Volume-controlled bronchopulmonary lavage proved to be a safe, simple technique producing an abundant yield of viable cells from both normal and pneumonic calves for in vitro study.

Porcupine Quill Migration in the Thoracic Cavity of a German Shorthaired Pointer

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. Guevara ◽  
Elaine S. Holmes ◽  
Jennifer Reetz ◽  
David E. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Lung Sounds ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Cardiac Silhouette ◽  
Valve Annulus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Lung Lobes

A 7 yr old German shorthaired pointer presented with progressive respiratory distress and lethargy. Two weeks prior to presentation, the dog had porcupine quills removed from the left forepaw, muzzle, and sternal area. At the time of presentation, the dog had bounding pulses and friction rubs in the right dorsal lung field. Harsh lung sounds and decreased lung sounds were ausculted in multiple lung fields. Radiographs revealed a pneumothorax and rounding of the cardiac silhouette suggestive of pericardial effusion. Computed tomographic imaging was performed and revealed multiple porcupine quills in the thoracic cavity. Surgery was performed and quills were found in multiple lung lobes and the heart. Following surgery the dog remained hypotensive. A post-operative echocardiogram revealed multiple curvilinear soft-tissue opacities in the heart. Given the grave prognosis the dog was subsequently euthanized and a postmortem examination was performed. A single porcupine quill was discovered in the left atrium above the mitral valve annulus. The quill extended across the aortic root, impinging on the coronary artery below the level of the aortic valve. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first known report of porcupine quill migration through the heart.

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