scholarly journals Rhodopsin stimulation in neural circuits by neuromodulation in optogenetics: current findings on the use of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe dos Santos Souza ◽  
Matheus Furlan Chaves ◽  
Guilherme da Cunha Messias dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
American Association ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Deep Brain

Introduction: Optogenetic neuromodulation describes a contemporary technique of brain modulation that has been increasingly studied, both in the field of genetic engineering and in neuroscience, for the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, parkinson and essential tremor. Through it, we seek to alter neurons, making them sensitive to light stimulation. For this, viral vectors are used to insert opsin genes into neural tissue. Objective: to describe the most recent scientific findings related to the use of DBS using Optogenetics techniques. Methodology: use of databases, SCIELO, PUBMED, LILACS and American Association of Neurological Surgeons using the following descriptors: Genetic Engineering. Deep Brain Stimulation. Optogenetics. Rhodopsins. Results: The use and Deep Brain Stimulantion (DBS) or Pronfunda Cerebral Stimulation (ECP) for therapeutic intervention in patients with movement disorders is performed through the insertion of a tungsten wire in specific areas of the central nervous system with the passage of electric current from microampers for milliseconds. However, over time, this causes plasticity, associated with gliosis and loss of DBS effectiveness. In addition, scientific evidence shows that cerebral neuromodulation by optogenetics in patients with dystonia, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is also already a reality with significant and approved results. Conclusions: Optognetics can replace classic DBS for the treatment of several neurological comorbidities with safety and space-time precision, with minimal side effects, when compared with that technique.

scholarly journals A randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of deep brain stimulation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Mosley ◽  
François Windels ◽  
John Morris ◽  
Terry Coyne ◽  
Rodney Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for severe, treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, nine participants (four females, mean age 47.9 ± 10.7 years) were implanted with DBS electrodes bilaterally in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Following a one-month postoperative recovery phase, participants entered a three-month randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled phase before a twelve-month period of open-label stimulation incorporating a course of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The primary outcome measure was OCD symptoms as rated with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). In the blinded phase, there was a significant benefit of active stimulation over sham (p = 0.025, mean difference 4.9 points). After the open phase, the mean reduction in YBOCS was 16.6 ± 1.9 points (χ2 (11) = 39.8, p = 3.8 × 10−5), with seven participants classified as responders. CBT resulted in an additive YBOCS reduction of 4.8 ± 3.9 points (p = 0.011). There were two serious adverse events related to the DBS device, the most severe of which was an infection during the open phase necessitating device explantation. There were no serious psychiatric adverse events related to stimulation. An analysis of the structural connectivity of each participant’s individualised stimulation field isolated right-hemispheric fibres associated with YBOCS reduction. These included subcortical tracts incorporating the amygdala, hippocampus and stria terminalis, in addition to cortical regions in the ventrolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, parahippocampal, parietal and extrastriate visual cortex. In conclusion, this study provides further evidence supporting the efficacy and tolerability of DBS in the region of the BNST for individuals with otherwise treatment-refractory OCD and identifies a connectivity fingerprint associated with clinical benefit.

scholarly journals Elucidating neural network changes induced by deep brain stimulation for OCD

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1296
Author(s):  
Jens Kuhn ◽  
Juan Carlos Baldermann
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Deep Brain

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Deep brain stimulation modulates directional limbic connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder’, by Fridgeirsson etal. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa100).

Improvements in Anorexia Symptoms After Deep Brain Stimulation for Intractable Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. e29-e31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C.R. McLaughlin ◽  
Elizabeth R. Didie ◽  
Andre G. Machado ◽  
Suzanne N. Haber ◽  
Emad N. Eskandar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Connectomic deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Baldermann ◽  
Thomas Schüller ◽  
Sina Kohl ◽  
Valerie Voon ◽  
Ningfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder: A review of results by anatomical target

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Borders ◽  
Frank Hsu ◽  
Alexander J. Sweidan ◽  
Emily S. Matei ◽  
Robert G. Bota
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
First Time ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Time Point

Studies suggest deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a treatment modality for the refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It is unclear where to place the DBS. Various sites are proposed for placement with the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) among the most studied. Herein, we aim to summarize both quantitative Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) data and qualitative descriptions of the participants’ symptoms when given. A literature search conducted via PubMed yielded 32 articles. We sought to apply a standard based on the utilization of YBOCS. This yielded 153 distinct patients. The outcome measure we focused on in this review is the latest YBOCS score reported for each patient/cohort in comparison to the location of the DBS. A total of 32 articles were found in the search results. In total, 153 distinct patients’ results were reported in these studies. Across this collection of papers, a total of 9 anatomic structures were targeted. The majority of studies showed a better response at the last time point as compared to the first time point. Most patients had DBS at nucleus accumbens followed by VC/VS and the least patients had DBS at the bilateral superolateral branch of the median forebrain bundle and the bilateral basolateral amygdala. The average YBOCS improvement did not seem to directly correlate with the percentile of patients responding to the intervention. Well-controlled, randomized studies with larger sample sizes with close follow up are needed to provide a more accurate determination for placement of DBS for OCD.

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