scholarly journals Teologisk normativitet og menighetsutvikling

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Råmunddal ◽  
António Barbosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
Church Development ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Development Practice

This article attempts to answer the following question: how significant is theological normativity for church development practice. At a time when many leaders are busy developing local churches ac cording to secular organizational models and experiences, this question always arises: to what extent does the normative character of the Bible impact Christian faith, church life and ministry and how might normative theology affect development projects that are going on in the church. The overriding issue that both current practice and the article focuses on is how theological normativity and empirical data can be integrated in church development. After explaining the concepts of theological normativity and empirical data and the relationship between them, the article discusses how different national (Norwegian) and international researchers within practical theology attempt to resolve the issues relat ing to integration. The article’s authors believe that these attempts end up in either assimilation or integration that is not fruitful for church development practice. The authors therefore propose an alter native integration model that distinguishes between three levels / degrees of theological normativity corresponding to three different fields / areas for church development. From this perspective, one can see how the integration of empirical data in these three levels of normativity brings both challenges and opportunities. The authors’ conclusion and recommendation concerning the function and signifi cance of theological normativity in church development, is that theological normativity bestows iden tity as well as having a guiding and corrective function.

scholarly journals Theological normativity and church development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Råmunddal ◽  
António Barbosa Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Practical Theology ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
Church Development ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Church ◽  
Development Practice

This article attempts to answer the following question: how significant is theological normativity for church development practice? At a time when many leaders are busy developing local churches according to secular organisational theories, models and experiences, the following question arises: to what extent does the normative character of the Bible impact Christian faith, church life and ministry and how might normative theology affect development projects that are carried out by churches? The overriding issue that both current practice and the article focus on, is how theological normativity and empirical data can be integrated in the area of church development. After explaining the concepts of theological normativity and empirical data and the logical relationship between them, the article discusses how different national (Norwegian) and international researchers within practical theology attempt to resolve problems relating to the integration of normative theology with empirical data. The article’s authors believe that these attempts end up with either assimilation or integration, neither of which is beneficial for church development practice. Therefore, the authors propose an alternative integration model that distinguishes between three levels / degrees of theological normativity, corresponding to three different fields and areas of church development. From this perspective, one can see how the integration of empirical data in the three levels of normativity brings both challenges and opportunities. The authors’ conclusion and recommendation concerning the function and significance of the theological normativity in church development is that theological normativity bestows the church with identity and at same time has a guiding and corrective function.

scholarly journals Kerk en burgerlike owerheid: Die Nederlandse geloofsbelydenis en drie kerkordes

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet J. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Church History ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Ten Commandments ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Church and state authorithy: The Confessio Belgica and three church orders. In reformed churches the Bible is regarded as the norm of the norms. The confessions of faith of these churches are the second norm and subjected to the Bible. The church order is less powerful than the Bible and the confessions but of a higher status than the normal decisions of church assemblies. Therefore, the influence of the Belgic Confession on three church orders is an important issue in these churches.The author recommends four principles to understand the relation between the church and the state authority in article 36 of the Belgic Confession: both should honour God in their activities; both are guided by the Ten Commandments; both have their own internal law to fulfil the purpose as an institution; and both should respect and co-operate with one another. Although they are not in agreement on every aspect, these principles give the guidance to understand the main issue in all four documents which are investigated. The theme of this article is of a theological and church historical nature and a contribution on a well-discussed topic in reformed churches.Contribution: It should be important for the reformed churches in the Dutch tradition that a dynamic relationship exists between their confessions of faith and their church orders. While the Bible is the first and most important norm for church life, the confessions are the second most important. Church history shows that the relationship between the church and state is of utmost importance for the church, the quality of the confessions and the order of the church.

scholarly journals Hvad kunde Grundtvig i dag betyde for reformerte kristne? (Forkortet udgave)

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
G. F. W. Herngreen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Church Life ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Holy Writ ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

What might Grundtvig mean today to Reformed Christians? (Abbreviated edition on Danish)By G. F. W. HerngreenThe author, a former vicar in the Hague, asks this question on the basis of his knowledge of both Grundtvig’s writings and of the Grundtvigian church life in Denmark. Two of Grundtvig’s hymns have recently been included in the Dutch Hymn Book (Liedboek) and in this connection Grundtvig’s theology has for the first time received close consideration. In this article the author discusses in depth his view of the relationship between the Calvinist and the Grundtvigian interpretation of the Eucharist, particularly with regard to Karl Barth’s theology, and finds a greater agreement than even Grundtvig himself was aware of. The Reformed teaching on the Eucharist offers a greater opportunity to understand Grundtvig’s deepest concern: where do we hear God’s word to us personally? Grundtvig’s reference to the congregation’s ‘loud yes and amen’ in the creed during baptism is in consonance with Calvin’s main concern that man has no control over God’s word, not even at the Eucharist.It is God, the free agent, who acts through His word at both sacraments - not man. The creed is not a number of dogmas, a different holy writ from the Bible, but an oral narrative about who God is. This interpretation may lead to a cult-fellowship with its back to the world, which is at variance with the Reformed view that the true service takes place in the everyday life of the world, but it is for this very reason of great importance for the ecumenical debate whether one can also explain to the Reformed churches the basic idea behind Grundtvig’s ‘First a man, then a Christian’. 

Typology and the Christian Use of the Old Testament

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-157
Author(s):  
David L. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Early Church ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Relationship

It is necessary first of all to consider what is meant by the word ‘typology’. There is a world of difference between the use of τ⋯πoς (‘type’) in the Bible and many of the fanciful interpretations which were called ‘types’ in the early Church, or between the use of typology in modern biblical scholarship and in modern church life. Two main conceptions of typology are to be found today. Recently a number of biblical scholars, notably Gerhard von Rad, have used the term to describe the interpretation of history involved in the ‘promise-fulfilment’ approach to the relationship between the Testaments. Alongside this there are those who perpetuate fanciful kinds of biblical interpretation closely related to allegory and symbolism, referring to them as typology. The place of typology in the Christian use of the Old Testament depends entirely therefore on what is meant by the word.

scholarly journals Was könnte Grundtvig heutzutage für reformierte Christen bedeuten?

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
G. F. W. Herngreen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Church Life ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Holy Writ ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

What might Grundtvig mean today to Reformed ChristiansfBy G. F. W. HerngreenThe author, a former vicar in the Hague, asks this question on the basis of his knowledge of both Grundtvig’s writings and of the Grundtvigian church life in Denmark. Two of Grundtvig’s hymns have recently been included in the Dutch Hymn Book (Liedboek) and in this connection Grundtvig’s theology has for the first time received close consideration. In this article the author discusses in depth his view of the relationship between the Calvinist and the Grundtvigian interpretation of the Eucharist, particularly with regard to Karl Barth’s theology, and finds a greater agreement than even Grundtvig himself was aware of. The Reformed teaching on the Eucharist offers a greater opportunity to understand Grundtvig’s deepest concern: where do we hear God’s word to us personally? Grundtvig’s reference to the congregation’s ‘loud yes and amen’ in the creed during baptism is in consonance with Calvin’s main concern that man has no control over God’s word, not even at the Eucharist.It is God, the free agent, who acts through His word at both sacraments - not man. The creed is not a number of dogmas, a different holy writ from the Bible, but an oral narrative about who God is. This interpretation may lead to a cult-fellowship with its back to the world, which is at variance with the Reformed view that the true service takes place in the everyday life of the world, but it is for this very reason of great importance for the ecumenical debate whether one can also explain to the Reformed churches the basic idea behind Grundtvig’s ‘First a man, then a Christian’.

The End of the Word as We Know It

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 165-184
Author(s):  
Timothy Beal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Cultural Icon ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Material Objectivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

This essay attends to a distinction that requires closer examination and theorization in our discourse on iconic books and other scriptures: the difference between iconic object and cultural icon. How do we conceive of relations between the particular, ritualized iconicities of particular scriptures in particular religious contexts and the cultural iconicities of scriptures in general, such as “the Bible” or “the Quran,” whose visual and material objectivity is highly ambiguous? How if at all are the iconic cultural meanings of the ideas of such books related to the particular iconic textual objects more or less instantiate them? These questions are explored through particular focus on the relationship between the particular iconicities of particular print Bibles, as iconic objects, and the general iconicity of the cultural icon of the Bible.

Spotting a liar by looking for microexpressions: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
The Relationship

Microexpressions do exist, and they are regarded as valid cues to deception by many researchers, furthermore, there is a lot of empirical evidence which substantiates this claim. However, some researchers don’t think the microexpression can be a way to catch a liar. The author elucidates the theories predicting that looking for microexpressions can be a way to catch a liar, and notes that some data can support for the utilization of microexpressions as a good way to detect deception. In addition, the author thinks that the mixed results in the area of investigating microexpressions and deception detection may be moderated by the stake. More empirical studies which employ high-stake lies to explore the relationship between microexpressions and deception detection are needed.

The European Union’s Policy towards its Eastern Neighbours: The Crisis in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsiana Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
European Neighbourhood Policy ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Institutional Challenges ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The European Union’s neighbourhood is complex and still far from being stable. In Ukraine, significant progress has occurred in many areas of transition; however, much work remains to be done, especially in the field of regional development and governance where many legacies of the Soviet model remain. At the crossroads between East and West, Ukraine presents an interesting case of policy development as an expression of European Union (EU) external governance. This paper asks the question: why was the relationship between the EU and Ukraine fairly unsuccessful at promoting stability in the region and in Ukraine? What was missing in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in Ukraine that rendered the EU unable to prevent a conflict on the ground? By identifying security, territorial, and institutional challenges and opportunities the EU has faced in Ukraine, this paper underlines the most important factors accounting for the performance of its external governance and crisis management in Ukraine.   Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v12i2.1310

Afterword

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
Departure Point ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Relationship

The recent upturn in biblically based films in Anglophone cinema is the departure point for this Afterword reflecting on the Bible’s impact on popular entertainment and literature in early modern England. Providing a survey of the book’s themes, and drawing together the central arguments, the discussion reminds that literary writers not only read and used the Bible in different ways to different ends, but also imbibed and scrutinized dominant interpretative principles and practices in their work. With this in mind, the Afterword outlines the need for further research into the relationship between biblical readings and literary writings in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe.

scholarly journals How does the position of firms in the supply chain affect their performance? An empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Arora ◽  
Alexandra Brintrup
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Focal Firm ◽  
Cooperative Competition ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between a firm and its supply chain has been well studied, however, the association between the position of firms in complex supply chain networks and their performance has not been adequately investigated. This is primarily due to insufficient availability of empirical data on large-scale networks. To addresses this gap in the literature, we investigate the relationship between embeddedness patterns of individual firms in a supply network and their performance using empirical data from the automotive industry. In this study, we devise three measures that characterize the embeddedness of individual firms in a supply network. These are namely: centrality, tier position, and triads. Our findings caution us that centrality impacts individual performance through a diminishing returns relationship. The second measure, tier position, allows us to investigate the concept of tiers in supply networks because we find that as networks emerge, the boundaries between tiers become unclear. Performance of suppliers degrade as they move away from the focal firm (i.e., Toyota). The final measure, triads, investigates the effect of buying and selling to firms that supply the same customer, portraying the level of competition and cooperation in a supplier’s network. We find that increased coopetition (i.e., cooperative competition) is a performance enhancer, however, excessive complexity resulting from being involved in both upstream and downstream coopetition results in diminishing performance. These original insights help understand the drivers of firm performance from a network perspective and provide a basis for further research.

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