scholarly journals Sudan and the Petrie Museum: Histories of Display, Scholarship and Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Garnett
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Egyptian Archaeology

Of the 80,600 objects in UCL’s Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, around 4000 are from Sudan. 1 Flinders Petrie himself did not travel south of Aswan, and these items were acquired through different channels after his death. While many of these are on display in the Museum galleries—albeit tucked amongst the greater proportion of archaeological material from Egypt—much of the Sudanese collection remains in storage due to historic limitations of space. This paper presents an overview of the history of this collection, how it has inspired creative engagement projects targeting diverse museum audiences, and thoughts on future work.

The Roman Retail Revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

Tabernae were ubiquitous among all Roman cities, lining the busiest streets and dominating their most crowded intersections, and in numbers not known by any other form of building. That they played a vital role in the operation of the city—indeed in the very definition of urbanization—is a point too often under-appreciated in Roman studies, or at best assumed. The Roman Retail Revolution is a thorough investigation into the social and economic worlds of the Roman shop. With a focus on food and drink outlets, and with a critical analysis of both archaeological material and textual sources, Ellis challenges many of the conventional ideas about the place of retailing in the Roman city. A new framework is forwarded, for example, to understand the motivations behind urban investment in tabernae. Their historical development is also unraveled to identify three major waves—or, revolutions—in the shaping of retail landscapes. Two new bodies of evidence underpin the volume. The first is generated from the University of Cincinnati’s recent archaeological excavations into a Pompeian neighborhood of close to twenty shop-fronts. The second comes from a field survey of the retail landscapes of more than a hundred cities from across the Roman world. The richness of this information, combined with an interdisciplinary approach to the lives of the Roman sub-elite, results in a refreshingly original look at the history of retailing and urbanism in the Roman world.

scholarly journals Development of an Understanding of Reactive Mercury in Ambient Air: A Review

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Mae Sexauer Gustin ◽  
Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham ◽  
Jiaoyan Huang ◽  
Steve Lindberg ◽  
Seth N. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Power Plant Emissions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plant Emissions ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Stack Gas

This review focuses on providing the history of measurement efforts to quantify and characterize the compounds of reactive mercury (RM), and the current status of measurement methods and knowledge. RM collectively represents gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and that bound to particles. The presence of RM was first recognized through measurement of coal-fired power plant emissions. Once discovered, researchers focused on developing methods for measuring RM in ambient air. First, tubular KCl-coated denuders were used for stack gas measurements, followed by mist chambers and annular denuders for ambient air measurements. For ~15 years, thermal desorption of an annular KCl denuder in the Tekran® speciation system was thought to be the gold standard for ambient GOM measurements. Research over the past ~10 years has shown that the KCl denuder does not collect GOM compounds with equal efficiency, and there are interferences with collection. Using a membrane-based system and an automated system—the Detector for Oxidized mercury System (DOHGS)—concentrations measured with the KCl denuder in the Tekran speciation system underestimate GOM concentrations by 1.3 to 13 times. Using nylon membranes it has been demonstrated that GOM/RM chemistry varies across space and time, and that this depends on the oxidant chemistry of the air. Future work should focus on development of better surfaces for collecting GOM/RM compounds, analytical methods to characterize GOM/RM chemistry, and high-resolution, calibrated measurement systems.

Literary Sources of the Gospel and Letters of John

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Labahn
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Final Text ◽  
Written Sources

This chapter investigates the suspicion among New Testament scholars that the author (or the authors) of the Gospel (and Epistles) of John used already written sources which he himself (or they themselves) did not write. Various models of Johannine source criticism are sketched on the basis of selected examples. The chapter delineates the weaknesses and strengths of the source-critical approach on its own terms and to draw conclusions from them for future work. The critical evaluation shows above all that the issue of the literary and non-literary (oral) pre-history of the Johannine writings (‘diachronic’ investigation of the texts) remains an important consideration in Johannes research. Nevertheless, this approach has in the future to take into account more prominently than before the final text and its design (‘synchronic’ investigation of the texts).

scholarly journals Studije tehnologije i studije materijalne kulture: mogućnosti bliže saradnje na primeru koštanih artefakata

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Selena Vitezović ◽  
Ivan Vranić
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Technology Studies ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Affairs

Bone artefacts are among the less thoroughly studied classes of archaeological material, especially in the case of particular periods and regions. The reasons behind this are not uniform. The most obvious and general are linked to the research practices of culture-historical archaeology, often neglecting bone artefacts, considering them not sufficiently attractive or informative. The most significant shift towards recognition of a set of potential information gained from bone objects was achieved in the framework of studies of prehistoric technology during the second half of 20th century, especially in the French archaeological school.  This research strategy raised a number of questions concerning the acquisition of raw material, modes of production and usage of objects, whose interpretative potential gained in power, leading to the increased attention paid to faunal remains in archaeological investigations. Yet this source of information on the actual details of relations between people and material culture, opened by technology studies, has not been sufficiently explored.  It may be suggested that the reasons are the narrow specialization of researchers and insufficient inclusion of the gathered information into the wider interpretive framework, various traditions and lack of cooperation among the national archaeological “schools”, language barriers etc. However, the main reason behind this state of affairs may be sought for in non-integrated theoretical perspectives and the lack of clearly articulated interpretive position of researchers seeking to apply the knowledge gained from technology studies, considering this strategy as an “objective, scientific method”, providing concrete answers clearly complying to the expectations of the dominant archaeological paradigm.The paper offers a critical review of a number of examples of application of technology studies in archaeology and possible directions of a more integrated and theoretically informed approach. One of the obvious solutions may be sought in the direction of another research strategy – material culture studies. The aim of the paper is thus to link these two approaches, whose theoretical foundations are not uniform today, but the history of the ideas and the mode of articulation of the basic theoretical assumptions indicate similar theoretical roots.

scholarly journals Landscape gardening art of the Hellenistic states of Asia Minor

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Valerij P. Porshnev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Landscape Gardening

The article continues a cycle of publications of the author on Hellenustic landscape gardening art. The cultural region, which already in the most ancient times was a contact zone between the Greek world and the East is considered. The historical heritage of the Phrygian and Lydian kingdoms and the Persian Empire, which bequeathed to governors the Hellenistic era sacred groves, hunting reserves paradises and terrace parks with regular planning is traced. Special attention is devoted to parks of the Pontic kingdom of time of Mithridates VI Eupator’s government and parks of Pergamon. The country residence of Mithridates VI in Kabeira is interesting as a sample of the landscape park, the first in the history of the European landscape gardening art, at which there are motives characteristic for parks of time of Romanticism. Besides, parks in Kabeira and in Pergamon had unique collections poisonous and the herbs gathered by Mithridates VI and Attalus III. According to the author of article, these collections, besides utilitarian appointment, being raw materials for preparation of poisons and drugs, had aesthetic value, enriching park landscapes, and their natural qualities were intricately connected with mythology and religion of Greeks. Base of a research are the landscapes of the Black Sea coast of Turkey, the rich archaeological material saving up in one and a half centuries of excavations in Pergamon, and written sources, compositions of antique authors, among which are the works of poet and scientist 2nd century BC Nicander of Colophon not yet translated to Russian.

Judgments of Learning

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
Future Work

Several decades of research have examined predictions of future memory performance—typically referred to as judgments of learning (JOLs). In this chapter, I first discuss the early history of research on JOLs and their fit within a leading metacognitive framework. A common methodological approach has evolved that permits the researcher to investigate the correspondence between JOLs and memory performance, as well as the degree to which JOLs distinguish between information that is or is not remembered. Factors that influence each aspect of the accuracy of JOLs are noted and considered within theoretical approaches to JOLs. Thus far, research on JOLs had yielded a number of findings and promising theoretical frameworks that will continue to be refined. Future work will benefit by considering how learners combine information to arrive at a judgment, the implications of alternative methods of measuring JOLs, and the potential for JOLs to influence memory.

Measuring the Unmeasurable? Taking Stock of QoG Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-114
Author(s):  
Nicholas Charron
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Future Work

This chapter discusses a wide scope of the available indicators of quality of government. It begins with a brief history of the development of the indicators and their scientific impact on social science research. The chapter posits a typology of the various ways in which indicators of governance can differ and implications of such differences. The chapter then reveals the degree to which contemporary cross-country indicators of corruption in particular correlate. Next, several well-established critiques of contemporary data are presented. The chapter concludes with several comments on what makes a good quality indicator and puts for several suggestions for future work in this ever-growing field.

MO1033URINE EXAMINATION - A CHALLENGE FOR NEPHROLOGISTS FROM ANCIENT TIMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Tasic ◽  
Zorica Dimitrijevic ◽  
Stevan Glogovac ◽  
Andriana Jovanovic ◽  
Tamara Vrecic
Keyword(s):  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

Abstract Background and Aims Extensive archaeological material indicates that records of the treatment of kidney disease without examining the cause and solely by examining the appearance of urine date back to ancient times. To this day, the basic clinical approach to nephrology patient included an overview of freshly sampled urine from the uncatheterized bladder and monitoring of urine output.The aim of the paper is to analyze the history of the urine analysis. Method Data were collected from books, magazines, encyclopedias and databases. Results The first nephrological experiences and doctrines that connected the clinical picture with diseases of the urinary bladder, kidneys or liver were written down in the opus Corpus Hippocraticium, which contains a total of 53 works. Opus Hippocraticium contains in its work Aphorisms a total of 22 aphorisms dedicated to uroscopy. Such examinations revealed specific changes in urine that were considered important for the onset and maintenance of the disease (Predictions II paragraphs 567,569,571). Galen (Claudios Galenos) is the most famous representative of Roman medicine and a follower of the teachings of Hippocrates. In his work De crisibus (K IX, 550-668) he described in detail the changes in urine.The physicians who marked the first and second centuries with their work on urine specificities were Selius Aurelianus (Tarde Passiones V, 3) and Cornelia Celsus (De Medicina 4:17). The apostate Oribazi (Oribasius of Pergamum; 325-403) wrote a "Medical Collection" which consists of 70 books. The importance of uroscopy for the prognosis of diseases is also described in the texts on secretions in this collection.Etius of Amida wrote (Aetius 502-575) a very semi-paired collection of "Sixteen Books of Medicine". In Book V of his work he wrote 15 chapters on the characteristics of urine. He incorporated the described changes in urine into the theory of four types of body fluids. Due to the advanced approach, this collection became the basis of all subsequent works on uroscopy.Pavle Eginski (625-690) is an Alexandrian student who practiced uroscopy and is the author of seven books entitled "Excerpts from Medicine" in which he introduces new concepts and describes in detail how to collect and examine urine. At that time, the greatest contribution to uroscopy was considered to have been made by Magnus Emesianus with his classification of urine characteristics.The most famous representative of medicine from the Byzantine era is Theophilus Protospatorius (VII century) a physician, monk, and philosopher of the Byzantine period wrote (De Urinis 68-70), a treatise on urine which was translated into Arabic and Hebrew and highly esteemed among the urologists of the time. Serbian medieval medicine was a synthesis of Western European and Byzantine science.Scientific access to treatment and permanent medical education was provided in the monastery hospitals (typical of the Hilandar / Studenica monastery), but very few manuscripts from that period have been preserved. The most extensive and significant medieval medical manuscript in the Serbian language is the "Hilandar Medical Codex".In the "Journal of Uroscopy", 62 paragraphs are dedicated to Byzantine uroscopy-macroscopic examination of changes in urine. Uroscopy has been developed until the introduction of the forerunner microscope for examining urine at the end of the 16th century. The application of microscopy in the examination of urine is constantly being improved, and the first automatic analysis of urinary sediment was done in 1985. Conclusion Although urine analysis has been used since ancient times, today the diagnosis depends a lot on the quality of interpretation of the findings. Despite attempts to standardize urine sediment analysis using various methods as a cheap and non-invasive method, it is still not sufficiently used in differentiating different kidney diseases.

Abstract 17165: Natural History of Cardiac Function in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Pre- and Post- Ablation

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa YW Tang ◽  
Kendall Ho ◽  
Nathaniel Hawkins ◽  
Roger Tam ◽  
Michael Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Success Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Work

Intro: The natural history of cardiac function in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is incompletely described, as are heart rate patterns pre- and post-ablation. Goals: Examine autonomic status pre- and post-ablation using cardiac data (n=346) captured by implanted recorders Methods: Daily records (90-day pre to 365-day post ablation) were analyzed to extract parameters viz. heart rate variability (HRV), daytime heart rate (DHR) and nighttime heart rate (NHR). Analysis of variance was used to assess relationships between covariates (age, sex, etc.) and pre-post changes in parameters. We define "success" as patients who had no recurrence during post-ablation period per guidelines (“failed” otherwise). Results: Prior to ablation, mean DHR, NHR, and HRV were 69±10bpm, 60±9bpm, 122±32msec, respectively. After PVI, there was an immediate increase of ~5bpm in DHR (P<1e-4) and a more pronounced increase of ~11bpm in NHR (P<1e-4). HRV exhibited an immediate post-ablation peak decreasing by ~60msec (P<1e-4), with rapid recalibration over the first 10 post ablation days (increase of 20-25msec). Antiarrhythmic drug-use was a significant factor only in explaining changes in HRV (P=0.0126), while age was a significant factor only for the changes in DHR (P<1e-4). Comparing between subgroups, DHR and NHR were generally higher in the success than the failed group. At baseline, older patients (92 patients were of age>65years) had a significantly lower DHR and NHR than younger patients (117 were of age<56years). These age-based differences were amplified post ablation in DHR and NHR, but not HRV. Conclusions: PVI results in significant and sustained changes in heart rate parameters related to autonomic function. This relationship was observed globally, with the success group having significantly greater rises in DHR and NHR when compared to the failed group. Future work will explore whether these patterns exist in different cohorts.

Advances in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technologies applied for characterization of pore space inside rocks: a critical review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Chun Guo ◽  
Hang-Yu Zhou ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Kun-Jie Wang ◽  
Jie Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Fluid Identification ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Signal Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Result Interpretation

Abstract NMR serves as an important technique for probing rock pore space, such as pore structure characterization, fluid identification, and petrophysical property testing, due to the reusability of cores, convenience in sample processing, and time efficiency in laboratory tests. In practice, NMR signal collection is normally achieved through polarized nuclei relaxation which releases crucial relaxation messages for result interpretation. The impetus of this work is to help engineers and researchers with petroleum background obtain new insights into NMR principals and extend existing methodologies for characterization of unconventional formations. This article first gives a brief description of the development history of relaxation theories and models for porous media. Then, the widely used NMR techniques for characterizing petrophysical properties and pore structures are presented. Meanwhile, limitations and deficiencies of them are summarized. Finally, future work on improving these insufficiencies and approaches of enhancement applicability for NMR technologies are discussed.

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