Effects of Incorporation of Green Manure Crops on the Growth of Watermelonand Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Concentration

A four year study of the relations between wheat yields and various edaphic, cultural and climatic factors in the wheat belt of southern New South Wales indicated that seasonal rainfall was the major source of yield variation. A regression equation involving pre-sowing (January to April) and growing season (May to September) rain, soil nitrate nitrogen concentration (0-30 cm), average annual rainfall, sowing time and weed density proved to be the most useful function for predicting yield (R2 = 0.613). Equations relating expected grain yields to soil nitrate nitrogen concentrations were derived for a combination of average annual rainfall and pre-sowing and growing season rainfall conditions. These show that, under optimum rainfall conditions, soil nitrate levels would restrict yields on most farms, wherever nitrate concentrations in the surface 30 cm fell below 20 p.p.m.

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THE DYNAMICS OF THE EXCHANGE OF POTASSIUM AND A BALANCE OF NUTRIENTS IN LEACHED CHERNOZEM UNDER GREEN MANURING

Innovations and Food Safety ◽

10.31677/2311-0651-2019-24-2-138-144 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

L. P. Galeeva

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Field Studies ◽

Leached Chernozem ◽

Mobile Phosphorus ◽

Positive Balance ◽

Yield Capacity ◽

Potassium Exchange ◽

Green Manure Crops

In field studies found that when plowing green mass of green manure in leached Chernozem accumulates from 60 to 140 kg/ha of potassium exchange. Most of it is found in green manure pairs with phacelia and pea mixture. Only a couple of phacelia creates a positive balance of potassium in the soil, in other pairs, the deficit amounted to 30–80 kg/ha. Stocks of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was varied in the range of 60–80 kg/ha, and the highest they have been in the green manure a couple of phacelia. Nitrogen balance in soil in all green manure pairs is positive. The reserves of mobile phosphorus in pairs made up of 12–15 kg/ha, and its deficiency is 50–80 kg/ha. maximum yield capacity of wheat and its addition to a clean pair obtained in the green manure a couple of phacelia – 25 and 32 kg/ha and 25 and 46 %, respectively. To obtain high and stable yields of spring wheat, maintain potash status and a positive balance of nutrients in leached chernozems as green manure crops, it is advisable to recommend growing pea mixture and phacelia.

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The impacts of CO2 enrichment on the plant resources utilization efficiency of Schima superba seedlings in subtropical China

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8838 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jixin Cao ◽

Hong Pan ◽

Zhan Chen ◽

He Shang

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

Schima Superba ◽

Trade Offs

The resources (light, nitrogen and water) utilization efficiency of plant is a key indicator reflecting the adaptive ability of plant to environment. CO2 enrichment would increase photosynthesis substrate supply and nutrient absorption in plants&#65292;and may also change the utilization efficiencies of light (LUE), nitrogen (NUE) and water (WUE) and their trade-offs relationship. However, the knowledge regarding how the LUE, NUE and WUE of woody plant change in the context of CO2 enrichment is still weak. In order to understand the impacts of CO2 enrichment on the LUE, NUE and WUE of Schima superba and their trade-offs, one-year-old container seedlings of S. superba were grown with ambient air (AA treatment), 550 ppm of CO2 concentration (E1-CO2 treatment), 750 ppm of CO2 concentration ( E2-CO2 treatment) and 1000ppm of CO2 concentration (E3-CO2 treatment) using open top chambers. In the growing season, we regularly examined the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, nitrogen concentration and photosynthetic pigment concentration of S. superba leaves. In addition, the different organ biomass, leaf area, soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen concentrations were also simultaneously examined. The results demonstrate that three CO2 enrichment treatments significantly increased the LUE and NUE of S. superba leaves at the end of June, while the leaf nitrogen concentration and soil nitrate nitrogen significantly decreased under both the E2-CO2 and E3-CO2 treatments compared with those under the AA treatment. In contrast, only the E1-CO2 treatment significantly increased the LUE and NUE of S. superba leaves at the end of August. The NUE of S. superba leaves under both the E2-CO2 and E3-CO2 treatments were significantly higher than that under the AA treatment at the end of October. With regard to the WUE of S. superba leaves, there were no significant differences between the four treatments. At the end of October, the total biomass of S. superba under the E1-CO2 treatment was significantly higher than that under both the AA and E3-CO2 treatments, while the total biomass of S. superba under the AA treatment was not significantly different from that under both the E2-CO2 and E3-CO2treatments. During the experiment, the LUE, NUE, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of S. superba leaves were significantly and positively related to each other. The LUE also had a significantly positive correlation with specific leaf weight. Furthermore, the NUE was significantly and positively correlated with the total biomass and the ratio of underground and aboveground biomass. Meanwhile, the NUE was significantly and negatively correlated with the chlorophyll a concentration, chlorophyll b concentration, carotenoid concentration, leaf nitrogen concentration, soil ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentration. The WUE was significantly and negatively related to the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and total biomass. CO2 enrichment may enhance both the LUE and NUE of S. superba seedlings, whereas the impacts of CO2 enrichment on the LUE and NUE of S. superba seedlings varied with time. S. superba seedlings would appear photosynthesis acclimation with the persistently high CO2 enrichment.

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The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.92.62-68 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (92) ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

R. Holod ◽

О. Bilinska ◽

H. Shubala

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Water Regime ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Field Crop ◽

Soil Water Regime ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Arable Farming ◽

Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

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