scholarly journals The Knowledge and Use of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy in a Sample of Physical Therapists in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Mills ◽  
Mariah Elder ◽  
Molly Boyce ◽  
Matteo Evdokas ◽  
Stephen Ives
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
It Education ◽  
Heavy Resistance Training ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: Blood Flow Restriction Therapy (BFRT) is a rehabilitation technique that seems to elicit hypertrophy gains similar to heavy resistance training. Despite increased popularity of BFRT, the extent it is used in physical therapy (PT) is unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine the knowledge, and utilization, of BFRT by practicing Physical Therapists (PTs). Methods:  PTs were recruited to complete an online survey on their knowledge and use of BFRT. Results: From 159 participants, it was found that 88.1% (n=140) of participating PTs had heard of BFRT, with age and gender disparities, though only 38.6% (n=54) reported using BFRT on a patient. There was a significant difference between male and female PTs knowledge (98% vs 81%, p < 0.001) and use (48% vs 24%, p = 0.016) of BFRT. 98% of PTs who reported using BFRT indicated it was beneficial or very beneficial for their patients. Conclusions: There were apparent gaps between PTs knowledge of BFRT and inclusion in practice, though most of these clinicians would be open to consider use of BFRT. Nearly all BFRT practitioners believed it was efficacious and will continue using it. Education and training of PTs could improve utilization of BFRT and, perhaps, ultimately clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Different cooling strategies between sets for 30 seconds does not have beneficial effect on resistance exercise with blood flow restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gianoni ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Pereira ◽  
Paulo Henrique Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sample Characterization

The ice application (cooling) has become popular during physical activities to improve performance. This study aimed to test whether different cooling places could increase the number of repetitions (volume) during resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR). Ten women volunteered for this study. The sample characterization is presented in mean and standard deviation: age: 28.5 ± 8.6 years; height: 164.6 ± 8.3 cm; total body mass: 61.5 ± 7.1 maximal dynamic strength test (1RM): 236.5 ± 54.8 kg; 30% 1RM: 71.6 ± 16.5; SBP: 124.7 ± 7.7 mm Hg; 1.3 x SBP: 161.8 ± 10.4 mm Hg. The subjects performed five sessions of resistance exercise with BFR. Three sets were held in each session, with the intensity of 30% of 1RM until muscle failure; and 30-second rest period between sets. The cooling sites were: hands, neck, and tunnel temperature. One session without cooling was done and considered as control group. There was neither difference in the total number of repetitions of repetitions among interventions, nor significant difference among interventions for RPE (P = 0.49). Therefore, we do not recommend cooling to maintain a high number of repetitions during strength training with BFR.

scholarly journals Differences in Femoral Artery Occlusion Pressure between Sexes and Dominant and Non-Dominant Legs

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Tafuna’i ◽  
Iain Hunter ◽  
Aaron W. Johnson ◽  
Gilbert W. Fellingham ◽  
Pat R. Vehrs
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arterial Occlusion Pressure

Background and Objectives: Blood flow restriction during low-load exercise stimulates similar muscle adaptations to those normally observed with higher loads. Differences in the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) between limbs and between sexes are unclear. We compared the AOP of the superficial femoral artery in the dominant and non-dominant legs, and the relationship between blood flow and occlusion pressure in 35 (16 males, 19 females) young adults. Materials and Methods: Using ultrasound, we measured the AOP of the superficial femoral artery in both legs. Blood flow at occlusion pressures ranging from 0% to 100% of the AOP was measured in the dominant leg. Results: There was a significant difference in the AOP between males and females in the dominant (230 ± 41 vs. 191 ± 27 mmHg; p = 0.002) and non-dominant (209 ± 37 vs. 178 ± 21 mmHg; p = 0.004) legs, and between the dominant and non-dominant legs in males (230 ± 41 vs. 209 ± 37 mmHg; p = 0.009) but not females (191 ± 27 vs. 178 ± 21 mmHg; p = 0.053), respectively. Leg circumference was the most influential independent predictor of the AOP. There was a linear relationship between blood flow (expressed as a percentage of unoccluded blood flow) and occlusion pressure (expressed as a percentage of AOP). Conclusions: Arterial occlusion pressure is not always greater in the dominant leg or the larger leg. Practitioners should measure AOP in both limbs to determine if occlusion pressures used during exercise should be limb specific. Occlusion pressures used during blood flow restriction exercise should be chosen carefully.

scholarly journals WALKING WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION IMPROVES THE DYNAMIC STRENGTH OF WOMEN WITH OSTEOPOROSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elísio Alves Pereira Neto ◽  
Simoni Teixeira Bittar ◽  
Júlio César Gomes da Silva ◽  
Patrick Allan Souza Pfeiffer ◽  
Heleodório Honorato dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction: Improving strength levels is important to women with osteoporosis. Resistance and aerobic exercise are effective means of reaching this goal; however, the use of low-load exercises with blood flow restriction is an alternative to traditional methods of exercise to achieve the same strength gains in this population. Objective: To analyze the chronic effects of aerobic and resistance training combined with blood flow restriction on the maximal dynamic strength (MDS) of women with osteoporosis. Methods: Twenty women (61.40±4.63 years of age, 61.82±12.54 kg, 1.51±0.05 m, 27.16±5.55 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to four groups: 1 - high-intensity resistance training (HI); 2 - low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR); 3 - aerobic training with blood flow restriction (ABFR); and 4 - control group (CG). Unilateral knee extension MDS was assessed using the one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength test before and after the 6th and 12th weeks of intervention. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Bonferroni post-hoc test performed using SPSS (version 21.0), considering a significance level of P<0.05 for all tests. Results: Baseline comparisons showed that HI and CG had lower strength levels than LI-BFR and ABFR groups (P<0.05). The ABFR group exhibited a significant increase in MDS between the 1st and the 6th week (9%, P=0.001) and between the 1st and the 12th week (21.6%, P=0.008). The LI-BFR group exhibited increased MDS between the 1st and the 6th week (10.1%, P=0.001), between the 1st and the 12th week (24.2%, P=0.003) and between the 6th and 12th week (12.8%, P=0.030). The HI group exhibited a significant difference between the 1st and the 6th week (38.7%, P<0.001), between the 1st and the 12th week (62%, P<0.001) and between the 6th and 12th weeks (17.4%, P=0.020), whereas the CG had no significant differences between the timepoints (P>0.05). Conclusions: ABFR and LI-BFR effectively increased the MDS of women with osteoporosis.

scholarly journals The effect of blood flow restriction and plyometric training methods on dynamic balance of Taekwondo athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Manolya Akin ◽  
İnci Kesilmiş
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Balance Ability

Background and Study Aim. Taekwondo (TKD) is a combat sport emphasizing on kicking techniques and dynamic footwork. Specialized balance ability is crucial for Taekwondo practitioners. Nowadays balance could be improved with specific strength training such as blood flow restriction and plyometric training. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the effect of blood flow restriction (BFR) and pliometric training methods on the development of dynamic balance at the martial art of Taekwondo. Material and Methods. Totally 31 TKD athletes between 15-19 ages participated voluntarily and were divided into three groups as blood flow restriction (n=11), plyometric training (n=10) and control groups (n=10). In addition to normal taekwondo training, 8 week training programs were applied to the pliometric and blood flow restriction groups, and no training program was applied to the control group. At the beginning and after the trainings, dynamic balance ability measured with Prokin Tecnobody equipment for 30 seconds slalom test.  Results. The difference between pre-test and post-test values of BFR group’s dynamic balance (antero-posterior sway) was found to be statistically different (p<.05) while according to the pliometric training results, there was no statistically significant difference (p>.05). Also, there was not any difference in terms of gender (p>.05). Conclusions. Strength development is neccessary for dynamic balance improvement in athletes. Since taekwondo athletes use strength and balance ability for rapid kicking and change direction, these motor abilities are important for success. Based on the findings of this study; it is recommended that BFR method may be useful and so it can be included in training programs.

scholarly journals Does Peripheral Lower Body Blood Flow Restriction Training Effect Aerobic Adaptations in Recreationally Active Adults? A Case Series

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Bennett ◽  
Sean Collins ◽  
Kaitlyn King ◽  
Caitlyn Harper ◽  
Jill Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Active Adults

Introduction: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a novel training method that has been shown to promote positive aerobic and anaerobic adaptations under low intensity exercise by inhibiting blood flow to target tissue resulting in hypoxia and metabolic byproduct accumulation. This has been shown to have a direct positive effect on aerobic performance adaptation. The purpose was to explore the effect of BFR training on aerobic performance. Methods:  Seven recreationally active adults were randomly assigned to either the BFR group (n=4, BFR) or non-BFR group (n=3, CON). Three testing sessions were conducted throughout the study (Pre-Test, Mid-Test, Post-Test) which consisted of a graded cycle ergometer maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) test using COSMED-K5 indirect calorimetry. Eleven BFR training sessions were performed consisting of 20-min of cycling at 35-45% of heart rate reserve (HRR) with at 60% (BFR) or 5% (CON) arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) on the BFR cuffs. Results: Absolute VO2max, Relative VO2max, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and maximum rate of perceived exertion (RPEmax) reported no significant difference between BFR and CON. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) found in time to reach VO2max and maximum watts (Wmax) reached which declined over the course of the training intervention. Conclusions: Bilateral lower limb aerobic BFR training resulted in no change in VO2max over seven weeks.  

scholarly journals Blood Flow Restriction Training in Cardiovascular Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlos Angelopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Mylonas ◽  
Grigorios Tsigkas ◽  
Elias Tsepis ◽  
Evdokia Billis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

Over the past two decades, blood flow restriction training (BFRT) has gained popularity not only in athletic performance training, but also with many researchers and physical therapists as an innovative rehabilitation tool. Blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise is a novel exercise modality in clinical settings, which induces muscle hypertrophy and increases strength with low to moderate training intensity through increased anabolic processes mediated by BFR (usually with cuff inflation). BFR limits arterial and venous blood flow and leads to blood pooling, which could increase the effects of exercise-induced training. Strength training at lower intensities (20–40% of maximum strength) in combination with BFR showed similar effects on muscle hypertrophy as training at 70% strength level without BFR. In this context, considering that periods of immobilization (or reduced functionality) due to pathology, injury, or surgery cause harmful effects on muscle mass and strength in both young and old people, muscular adaptations of occlusion exercise could be beneficial to the elderly and post-operative patients in rehabilitation regarding muscle regeneration. Furthermore, as this type of exercise does not require high loads, it might be a feasible method in cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, this chapter aims to review all recent literature regarding the impact of low-load BFR resistance training in patients with cardiovascular pathologies on muscle strength and hypertrophy, vascular function, safety, cardiovascular responses, and inflammatory markers.

Tolerance to Intermittent vs. Continuous Blood Flow Restriction Training: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Sinclair ◽  
Murtaza Kadhum ◽  
Bruce Paton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Strength Gain ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Load

AbstractThe proven beneficial effects of low-load blood flow restriction training on strength gain has led to further exploration into its application during rehabilitation, where the traditional use of heavy loads may not be feasible. With current evidence showing that low-load blood flow restriction training may be less well tolerated than heavy-load resistance training, this review was conducted to decipher whether intermittently deflating the pressure cuff during rest intervals of a training session improves tolerance to exercise, without compromising strength. Four databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that compared the effect of intermittent versus continuous blood flow restriction training on outcomes of exercise tolerance or strength in adults. Nine studies were identified, with six included in the meta-analysis. No significant difference in rate of perceived exertion was found (SMD-0.06, 95% CI-0.41 to 0.29, p=0.73, I 2=80%). Subgroup analysis excluding studies that introduced bias showed a shift towards favoring the use of intermittent blood flow restriction training (SMD-0.42, 95% CI-0.87 to 0.03, p=0.07, I 2=0%). There was no significant difference in strength gain. Intermittent cuff deflations during training intervals does not improve tolerance to exercise during blood flow restriction training.

Concurrent Training with Blood Flow Restriction does not Decrease Inflammatory Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago de Souza ◽  
Cleiton Libardi ◽  
Cláudia Cavaglieri ◽  
Arthur Gáspari ◽  
Diego Brunelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

AbstractThe aging process is associated with several changes in the elderly such as the decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness, strength and muscle mass, in addition to chronic low-grade inflammation. Concurrent training with blood flow restriction can be an interesting alternative to improve functional capacity with low mechanical stress in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to compare the inflammatory effects in older individuals submitted to two different protocols of concurrent training. Twenty-two healthy older adults (63.7±3.8 years; 69.8±8.9 kg; 1.6±0.1 m) performed 12 weeks of concurrent training (CT) or concurrent training with blood flow restriction (CTBFR) and the effects on inflammatory markers were analyzed. We found inflammatory behavior for the CTBFR group with a significant difference in serum concentration of C-reactive protein between pre- and post-moment (0.96±0.37 to 1.71±1.45, p=0.049), with no difference between groups, and a time effect in interleukin-6 (pre=0.86±0.43; post=1.02±0.46, p=0.016). We conclude that the CTBFR showed a pro-inflammatory profile after the period of intervention whereas the CT showed the opposite.

scholarly journals Does Acute Blood Flow Restriction with Pneumatic and Non-Pneumatic Non-Elastic Cuffs Promote Similar Responses in Blood Lactate, Growth Hormone, and Peptide Hormone?

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Jorge Oliveira ◽  
Yuri Campos ◽  
Luis Leitão ◽  
Rhaí Arriel ◽  
Jefferson Novaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Blood flow restriction (BFR) can be used during resistance training (RT) through pressure application with pneumatic (pressurized) cuffs (PC) or non-pneumatic (practical) cuffs (NPC). However, PC are expensive and difficult to use in the gym environment compared to NPC. The main aim was to compare, correlate, and verify the hormonal and metabolic responses between PC and NPC during a low-load BFR during RT of the upper-body. The secondary aim was to compare blood lactate (BLa) concentration between pre- and post-exercise (2-min into recovery), as well as growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentration before, 10-min, and 15-min post exercise. Sixteen trained men randomly and alternately completed two experimental RT protocols of the upper-body : A) RT with BFR at 20% 1RM using PC (RT-BFR-PC) and (B) RT with BFR at 20% 1RM using NPC (RT-BFR-NPC) in the bench press, wide-grip lat pulldown, shoulder press, triceps pushdown, and biceps curl exercises. There was no significant difference in BLa 2-min post exercise (p=0.524), GH 10-min (p=0.843) and 15-min post exercise (p=0.672), and IGF-1 10-min (p=0.298) and 15-min post exercise (p=0.201) between RT-BFR-PC and RT-BFR-NPC. In addition, there was a moderate correlation, satisfactory ICCs, and agreement between both protocols in metabolic and hormonal responses. The experimental sessions promoted significant increases in GH and BLa, but not in IGF-1 (p<0.05). The absence of a significant difference between RT-BFR-PC and RT-BFR-NPC in metabolic and hormonal responses highlight the applicability of NPC as a low-cost and easy-to-use tool for BFR upper-body RT.

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