scholarly journals Hacia un análisis estructural del derecho a la salud y la igualdad (Con propósito de las medidas laborales adoptadas por el Estado ecuatoriano durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fernando Bajaña Tovar
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls

Este artículo hace un recorrido sobre las principales corrientes liberales y sociológicas que sirven de soporte teórico para el análisis de la salud y de la igualdad en el derecho, con el fin de evidenciar la interrelación existente entre la concepción sociológica del derecho y la salud, y la perspectiva estructural del derecho y la igualdad. Para esto, se emplea un concepto de equidad sanitaria construida con los aportes de John Rawls sobre la justicia. Así, se evaluarán algunas de las medidas legislativas y ejecutivas adoptadas por el Estado ecuatoriano en materia laboral durante la pandemia del Covid-19 en 2020 y sus efectos en la capacidad de la población para costear servicios de salud.

The State’s Role in Ensuring Fair Income Distribution in Vietnam Today: Some Issues from the Theory of Justice as Fairness by John Rawls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Economic Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

Fairness in income distribution is a factor that both motivates employees and contributes to maintaining social stability. In Vietnam, fair income distribution has been studied from various perspectives. In this article, through the analysis and synthesis of related documents and evidence, and from the perspective of economic philosophy, the author applies John Rawls’s Theory of Justice as Fairness to analyze some issues arising from the implementation of the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution from 1986 to present. These are unifying the perception of fairness in income distribution; solving the relationship between economic efficiency and social equality; ensuring benefits for the least-privileged people in society; and controlling income. On that basis, the author makes some recommendations to enhance the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution in Vietnam. Received 11thNovember 2019; Revised 10thApril 2020; Accepted 20th April 2020

From Crusades to Colonization: Violence in Secular and Religious Political Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Xavier Scott
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
International Law ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
State Power ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Beliefs And Values

This paper examines the transition in political philosophy between the medieval and early-modern periods by focusing on the emergence of sovereignty doctrine. Scholars such as Charles Taylor and John Rawls have focused on the ability of modern-states to overcome conflicts between different religious confessionals. In contrast, this paper seeks to examine some of the peace-promoting features of Latin-Christendom and some of the conflict-promoting features of modern-secular states. The Christian universalism of the medieval period is contrasted with the colonial ventures promoted by the Peace of Westphalia. This paper’s goal is not to argue that secularism is in fact more violent than religion. Rather, it seeks to demonstrate the major role that religion played in early modern philosophy and the development of sovereignty doctrine. It argues against the view that the modern, secular state is capable of neutrality vis-à-vis religion, and also combats the view that the secular nature of modern international law means that it is neutral to the different beliefs and values of the world’s peoples. These observations emphasize the ways in which state power and legitimacy are at the heart of the secular turn in political philosophy. 

A sabedoria política: Por uma teoria normativa do conhecimento pública em John Rawls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Da Cruz Gonçalves Neto
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de extrair da obra de John Rawls uma teoria normativa do conhecimento político, uma estrutura conceitual que consiste em princípios e forma específicos do pensamento público, em características e pressupostos não explícitos ou não intencionais na Teoria que somente propõe forjar critérios de distribuição de bens. Essa teoria normativa, ou discurso do método político, deve ser entendida como uma teoria sobre a atualidade, uma forma de apreender a dinâmica social no aspecto político; e método deve ser tomado como a determinação de princípios instrumentais à política, como certa forma de refletir a atualidade e o próprio conhecimento público. O discurso do método político, como numa alusão poética à obra de Descartes, constitui-se de um cogito político, de uma metafísica normativa e de um método de reflexão pública, cuja estrutura argumentativa apresentaremos a seguir. À concepção de filosofia política de Rawls atribuímos dois papéis fundamentais, a saber, o papel especulativo de ampliação conceitual, de abertura da objetividade política, e o papel prático de fornecer um esquema normativo do pensamento político, um método de reflexão que sirva de amparo às deliberações concretas, de forma a termos um corpo de conhecimento público cumulativo e sistemático que ao mesmo tempo se aproprie da experiência histórica e explicite os ideais latentes da sociedade. Essa concepção de filosofia como sabedoria prática, portanto, será assumida como uma teoria sobre a atualidade e sobre um método de reflexão e deliberação políticas.

POLARYZACJA GRUPOWA W WARUNKACH DEBATY DELIBERATYWNEJ

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Wesołowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Group Consensus ◽  
Group Polarization ◽  
Normative Requirements

In social psychology the group polarization refers to the tendency for groups to make decisionsthat are more extreme than the initial inclinations of its members. This phenomenon constitutesa potential obstacle to positive outcomes attributed to deliberative debates. A deliberative debateis a particular kind of a group discussion tasked with fi nding group consensus on controversialissues. The idea of deliberation originates from the writings of John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas, AmyGutmann and Denis Thompson. Deliberative debate imposes numerous normative requirementson the communication, relationships among the disputants and their approach to the issue underdiscussion. These normative requirements make a big difference between deliberative debates andthe situations in which the phenomenon of polarization was observed. Thus, we presume that indeliberative debates conditions the phenomenon of group polarization may be limited.The paper investigates the following questions: would the normative conditions of deliberationlimit the occurrence of polarization in discussing groups? and What infl uence (if any) would thepolarization process have on the quality of group decision? In the light of the empirical data we concluded what follows: (1) In 50% of the analyzed casesof group discussion the phenomenon of group polarization was observed despite the normativeconditions of deliberation. (2) The occurrence of group polarization in some cases coincided withmaking the fi nal decisions which did not alter the initial preferences of the disputants (but did nottotally predestinated the fi nal outcome).

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