scholarly journals OPTIMIZING DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN PERSPECTIVE OF RETURN ON EDUCATION IN EAST JAVA: TO SCHOOL, TO WORK, OR TO ENTREPRENEUR?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
R. Dimas Bagas Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Labor Market Flexibility

Human capital highly affects economics productivity. Thus, education plays an important factor in every demographic dividend. This study will estimate the return on education to paid-employment and self-employment in East Java using SAKERNAS 2012. Using Mincerian specification and Sohn model, this study analyzed the baseline model and to analyse further in self-employment. This study will also compare result in East Java with National and other Java province. Results from estimation found that return on education in East Java is generally higher than national, but lower than West Java. As for self-employment, return on education in East Java is lower than paid-employment, but in the lowest magnitude if compared with National and other Java region. Labor market flexibility that analyzed in this study also shows that East Java relatively more flexible. As a matter of opportunity cost, the low return rate of education in East Java demand some adjustment in education and labor market policy to optimize the economic outcome.

Mrs. Thatcher's Employment Prescription: An Active Neo-Liberal Labor Market Policy

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brian Robertson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Training Schemes ◽  
Wage Disparities ◽  
Capitalist Democracies ◽  
Market Strategies ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACTThough each of the capitalist democracies has developed a similar battery of programs for mitigating labor market problems, politically significant differences in strategy underlie superficial similarities. By the 1970s, labor market strategies could be distinguished by three models: a passive social democratic or guardian strategy (Britain), an active social democratic or egalitarian strategy (Sweden), and a passive neo-liberal or business-centered strategy (United States). In response to high unemployment, the Thatcher government has resurrected a long dormant fourth strategy that combines neo-liberal principles with an active state. This active neo-liberal or market-centered approach seeks a workforce that is less organised, has greater wage disparities, and is more adaptable to business needs. The government's activism is evident in the growth of the Manpower Services Commission, both in absolute terms and relative to passive compensatory measures. Its neo-liberalism is evident in reducing structural impediments to lower wages, increasing incentives for individual initiative, and revamping employment and training schemes along neo-liberal lines. These efforts correlate with decreasing levels of union membership, increasing self-employment, and increasing wage disparities in the British economy, trends that are, by the government's criteria, improvements.

Does it pay off to Complete a Doctorate?

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Soucek ◽  
Anja S. Göritz ◽  
Klaus Moser
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Scholarship Recipients ◽  
Educational Credentials ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract. According to human capital theory, educational level should be rewarded by the labor market. Hence, a completed doctorate should translate into higher income. This relationship between a completed doctorate and income should be more pronounced in the case of self-employment, because especially in this group the doctorate serves as a signal of an extraordinary professional qualification. The hypotheses were tested against a sample of 183 former scholarship recipients, who finished their academic education and were either employed full-time or self-employed. Results for the entire sample suggest that a completed doctorate has no effect on income. This is put into a new perspective by the confirmed impact of a doctorate on income for self-employed participants. We discuss this result with respect to the specific sample analyzed (former scholarship holders), labor market regulation issues, and from both a human capital and a signaling perspective of educational credentials.

scholarly journals Brazilian-Canadian Immigrant Businesses Configuration in the Greater Toronto Metropolitan Area, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Michel Mott Machado ◽  
Caroline Shenaz Hossein ◽  
Roberto Pessoa de Queiroz Falcão ◽  
Eduardo Picanço Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Brazilian Immigrants ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The purpose of the present article is to examine self-employment and a sample of micro-enterprises of Brazilian immigrants in Toronto, Canada, and to unveil their social networking mechanisms, the influence of their culture, and human capital. The methodology encompassed the application of 74 questionnaires to Brazilian-Canadian entrepreneurs and 42 semi-structured interviews, aiming at understanding their experiences and relationships. The contributions include stating economic insecurity, political instability, and violence as reasons for migration and showing that social capital is essential for starting and developing a business as entrepreneurs often were driven out of necessity due to barriers in the labor market. As an exploratory study, the article is limited to discussing descriptive aspects of the Brazilian community of entrepreneurs. However, its implications might encompass new studies that involve creating migration policies for newcomers, longitudinal studies, or comparisons with other ethnicities.

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