Recuperar la ciudadanía post-deportación en la frontera México-Estados Unidos

This article aims to analyze the importance of formal citizenship in the reintegration process of people deported from the United States to Mexico. The analysis parts from the case study of deportations to the border city of Tijuana, Baja California, which includes 68 in-depth interviews focused on redocumentation to demonstrate their national affiliation. The main findings show that the condition of documentation plays a strategic role in the processes of re-citizenship in the countries of origin. Upon return by a process of deportation, there is a revitalization of the importance of formal citizenship that seemed outweighed in the face of the multiple forms of affiliation, belonging, and local participation. The role of private and social actors is strategic in the processes of redocumentation and recovery of the relationship of individuals with the State, which also reflects the reproduction of multiple social inequalities between subjects of the Mexican State.

El impacto del represamiento del Río Colorado en la pesquería del camarón en el Alto Golfo de California, México

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the relationship among the Colorado River flows and volumes of shrimp caught in the Upper Gulf of California (AGC). A correlation analysis was applied to historical series of data about landed shrimp catch, fishing effort and flow from the Colorado River towards the gulf. Dependence, proportionality, and linear relationship indicators were obtained. The main results showed that the interannual captures were lower in periods without water input from the river and higher with the water inputs to the estuary. In addition, the results showed that the contributions of nutrients carried in the river water to the estuary could increase the Carbon fixation. This study is important because it contributes to the discussion and strengthens the fact that this river is important in the environmental and fishing dynamics in the AGC.

Espacios de estancia prolongada para la población migrante centroamericana en tránsito por México

The objective of this article is to identify the main areas where Central American migrants spend most of their time during their transit through Mexico. The theoretical framework reviews the mobility-immobility and aspiration/ability approaches that focus on mobility restrictions and waiting times. The definition of waiting territories and the inclusion of the length of stay variable contribute to the study of transit migration from the perspective of immobility. Using the Migration Survey in the Northern Border (Emif Sur), the magnitude of displacements through the reported areas by migrants is estimated as having the longest length of stay in their migratory displacement. Long-term transit spaces correspond to different border regions and locations close to migratory routes. The provided empirical evidence indirectly suggests obstacles to mobility manifested in long- term transit spaces.

Las pymes intensivas en conocimiento de Ciudad Juárez: Diversidad de trayectorias, prácticas y entendimientos sobre la I4.0

The objective is to analyze the trajectory of knowledge-intensive SMEs in Ciudad Juarez, with the determination to understand how the concept I4.0 has been defined. The methodology applied in- depth interviews with managers and visits to companies. The results show that the particular trajectory of the maquiladora industry in this city, as well as the experience in automation of local SMEs facilitate the appropriation of the new industrial model. The originality of the study relies on the fact that it is one of the few qualitative studies that explore the incursion of SMEs to I4.0 on the northern border of Mexico. The conclusions show that the adverse environmental conditions have meant that some SMEs fail in their evolution towards I4.0, while others have opted for hybrid models, and the most successful have managed to scale towards the new industrial model thanks to their relation with other institutions of the innovation ecosystem. The main limitation of the study is that sample is composed of 4 SMEs and the results cannot be generalized.

De mineros a colonos agrícolas. La experiencia de los mineros de Pilares, Sonora, en la costa de Hermosillo, 1949-1980

The article analyzes the change and adaptation process of miners who became agricultural settlers on the coast of Hermosillo. All of them had been unemployed because of the closure of the copper mine in Pilares, Sonora, in 1949. The methodological perspective applied instruments of social and cultural history with concepts of memory studies. It is possible to identify a fractured identity through the broken projections for the future, forcing settlers to re-elaborate their life stories. The study involved work with orality, which resulted in some limitations that had to be solved with contrast of documentary and historiographic sources. The visibility of a community with a strong presence in the social imagination of Sonora defined the originality of the study, concluding further that there is a pilgrim cultural identity that was formed outside the mining space but with symbolic elements of it.

Apuntes sobre la seguridad fronteriza en la frontera México-Estados Unidos ante la movilidad humana y desde el paradigma de la seguridad humana

The objective of this paper is to make an initial approach to both the human security paradigm and the issues of border security and migration at the northern Mexican border. The approach is conceptual and arises from Geography for peace, a perspective that articulates the approaches of critical geography (political geography from political economy and geographical historical materialism), human rights, and peace studies and conflicts transformation. The conclusions focus on proposing a paradigm shift in border security, moving from a national security approach focused on the State, to one focused on people and their rights, and is guided by the principle of shared responsibility. Despite being an initial approach, the text seeks to promote a paradigm shift, to in future work, provide concrete strategies and lines of action that contribute to materialize the human security approach at the borders of Mexico.

La Universidad-Pueblo: Periodismo, política y democracia en el sur de México durante la década de 1970

The article analyzes the relationship between the State and universities in Mexico during the 1970s. From a socio-historical perspective, the academic and social project, Universidad-Pueblo, of the Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAG) is addressed. The emphasis on written press makes it possible to observe how some higher education institutions and its students proposed critical models that were strongly articulated with social demands and left-wing movements amid an authoritarian political regime in which democratic institutional ways of citizen participation were virtually closed. The Universidad-Pueblo project is one of the most radical and complex experiences of this process and its study allows to analyze the relevance of universities within the state’s public life, as well as to consider the UAG as a democratic sphere in the political context of the state of Guerrero.

Rendimientos del capital humano en las microempresas de la frontera norte de México

This paper aims to calculate and analyze the human capital returns of micro-enterprises on Mexico’s northern border by examining the education levels of the micro-entrepreneurs in charge of the production unit. Analyzing data from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment from 2010 to 2019, we estimated econometric cross-section models based on Mincer equations. The results suggest that elementary education is not sufficient to achieve high monetary income in micro-enterprises, even its rates are negative, generating losses systematically. The turning point starts in high school, where positive rates are beginning to be observed. However, it highlights that undergraduate and postgraduate education doubles their positive returns, although the number of business owners with this education level is lower.

Nuevas geografías vitivinícolas en la frontera México-Estados Unidos. Un estudio sobre el sentido del lugar

This article examines the cases of Sonoita-Elgin, Arizona, and Cananea, Sonora, as new wine geographies. To characterize these regions and show their potential, problems, and challenges, this article privileges the socio-anthropological study, the ethnographic method, and the analysis of the sense of place. The initial findings show first that the sense of place is not given by geography but by a set of specific interactions that conform the particular character of each region; and second, that the border context offers an opportunity for binational collaboration yet to be explored, which can be translated into competitive advantages and into alternative and innovative constructions of the sense of place. Due to the interpretative extent of this analysis and its focus on emerging production areas, it is expected to contribute to new discussions on the wine industry globally and, specifically, on the region of Sonora-Arizona in the U.S.-Mexico border region.

¿Un trabajo ilegal? Análisis crítico del discurso sobre el narcotráfico en jóvenes de Mexicali, Baja California

This study seeks to contribute to the understanding of discourses on drug trafficking made by young people from Mexicali, Baja California. Drug trafficking generates various ethical positions that encompass its acceptance, rejection, or ambivalence. The construction of their discourses is influenced by speeches produced by the government and entertainment media and by the degree of closeness to drug trafficking in everyday life. Discussion groups were held, and critical discourse analysis was carried out. Discourses about drug trafficking have implications for the incorporation of young people into the activity and its normalization in local contexts. It is recommended to research personal processes that promote the rejection of drug trafficking at an individual level, despite pragmatic acceptance that normalizes it in the community.