Technology Transfer and Economic Growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Jamison ◽  
Christina Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Labour Input ◽  
Douglas Production Function

This paper presents the economic framework supporting the conclusion that US federal programmes, such as the Bayh–Dole Act of 1980, which increase the pay-off from research and development funding (R&D) can be effective agents of economic growth. A review of the literature in this field provides evidence that links investment in research to economic growth. By modifying the traditional Cobb–Douglas production function to include a research and development input, in addition to the capital and labour input, this study defines how multi-factor productivity (MFP) growth is controlled by the interaction of R&D and its commercialization. The combined contribution to MFP growth is defined as the product of the elasticity of output for R&D and the rate of growth of the R&D input. Evidence supporting the importance of the elasticity component for multi-factor productivity growth is presented, and the study then concludes that programmes to increase the elasticity of output for R&D – what is referred to as increasing the pay-off from R&D – may be an effective means of realizing a larger return on the investment in R&D.

scholarly journals Pakistan’s Productivity Performance and TFP Trends, 1980–2015: Cause for Real Concern

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 33-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Amjad ◽  
Namra Awais
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Sustained Growth ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
High Output

This paper reviews Pakistan’s productivity performance over the last 35 years (1980–2015) and identifies factors that help explain the declining trend in labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP), both of which could have served as major drivers of productivity growth – as happened in East Asia and more recently in India. A key finding is that the maximum TFP gains and their contribution to economic growth are realized during periods of high-output growth. The lack of sustained growth and low and declining levels of investment appear to be the most important causes of the low contribution of TFP to productivity growth, which has now reached levels that should be of major concern to policymakers vis-à-vis Pakistan’s growth prospects.

THE VANISHING EFFECT OF FINANCE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Klaus Gründler
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
New Ideas

This paper examines the mechanisms that determine the “vanishing effect of finance” on economic growth found in recent studies. Based on both current (171 countries, 1960–2014) and historical (21 OECD countries, 1870–2009) data, the results show that financial development promotes growth in poorer countries by increasing education and investment, and by decreasing fertility. The relevance of these transmission channels declines when countries become richer. The growth effect of the financial sector in high-income countries primarily depends on new ideas and potentials for innovation projects. Consequently, the major decline in factor productivity growth since the early 2000s has contributed to the reduction in the financial sector’s average effect on growth.

Exogenous or Endogenous Growth? The Industrial Revolution Reconsidered

1995 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. R. Crafts
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Recent Developments

The British Industrial Revolution is reviewed in the light of recent developments in modeling economic growth. It is argued that ”endogenous innovation” models may be useful in this context particularly for understanding why total factor productivity growth rose only slowly. ”Macroinventions” were central to economic development in this period, however, and these are best seen as exogenous technological shocks. Although new growth theorists would easily identify higher growth potential in eighteenth-century Britain than in France, explaining the timing of the acceleration in growth remains elusive. A research agenda to develop further insights from new growth ideas is proposed.

Are human capital, intellectual property rights, and research and development expenditures really important for total factor productivity? An empirical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbah Habib ◽  
Jawad Abbas ◽  
Rahat Noman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of human capital (HC), intellectual property rights (IPRs) and research and development (R&D) expenditures on total factor productivity (TFP), which leads to economic growth. Design/methodology/approach The panel data technique is used on a sample of 16 countries categorized into two groups, namely Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries and, in order to make a comparison for the time period of 2007–2015, the researchers used a fixed effect model as an estimation method for regression. Findings The results indicate that HC, IPRs and R&D expenditures appear to be statistically significant and are strong factors in determining changes in TFP and exhibit positive results in all sample sets. Moreover, IPRs alone do not accelerate growth in an economy, especially taking the case of emerging nations. Originality/value Considering the importance of CEE and BRIC countries, and inadequate research on these regions with respect to current study’s variables and techniques, the present research provides valuable insights about the importance of HC, IPR and R&D activities and their impact on TFP, which leads to economic growth. IPRs create a fertile environment for R&D activities, knowledge creation and economic development. Distinct nations can attain better economic status via HC, R&D activities, innovation, trade and FDI, although the relative significance of these channels is likely to differ across countries depending on their developmental levels.

Productivity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Broadberry ◽  
Claire Giordano ◽  
Francesco Zollino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
International Context ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Productivity Dynamics

Italy's economic growth over its 150 years of unified history did not occur at a steady pace, nor was it balanced across sectors. Relying on an entirely new input (labor and capital) database, this chapter evaluates the different labor productivity growth trends within the Italian economy's sectors, as well as the contribution of structural change to productivity growth. Italy's performance is then set in an international context: a comparison of sectoral labor productivity growth rates and levels within a selected sample of countries (United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Japan, India) allows us to better time, quantify, and gauge the causes of Italy's catching-up process and subsequent more recent slowdown. Finally, the paper analyzes the proximate sources of Italy's growth, relative to the other countries, in a standard growth accounting framework, in an attempt also to disentangle the contribution of both total factor productivity growth and capital deepening to the country's labor productivity dynamics.

THE DANCE OF THE DYNAMICS: THE INTERPLAY OF TRADE AND GROWTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Ji ◽  
John J. Seater
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Dynamic Inefficiency ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Trade And Growth

We study the interaction between endogenous growth and Ricardian trade working solely through comparative advantage. The model is built on several facts about research and development and trade. Trade and growth affect each other in ways previously unexplored. The model can explain and reconcile in a single framework several phenomena usually analyzed separately. Because of a possible dynamic inefficiency, trade may raise or lower the growth rate of each trading partner. Trade leads to “effective technology transfer,” with the growth rate looking as if a country adopts its partner’s technology even though it does not. Economic growth can endogenously change the trading regime from incomplete to complete specialization (the Ricardian corner and interior, respectively), which can explain why trade helps some countries catch up but leaves others behind. Trade may raise or lower social welfare. The model specifies the conditions under which each possible outcome occurs. We examine a few of the model’s many testable implications and find them in agreement with the data.

scholarly journals The contribution of immigration from Ukraine to economic growth in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Strzelecki ◽  
Jakub Growiec ◽  
Robert Wyszyński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Residual Contribution ◽  
Official Data

AbstractFrom 2014 onwards Poland witnessed an unprecedented inflow of immigrant workers from Ukraine. Coupled with strong labour demand, this surge in labour supply provided a major contribution to Poland’s economic growth. However, due to problems with capturing immigration in Labour Force Survey data this contribution has remained hitherto largely unaccounted in official data. This paper uses a range of alternative official data sources to estimate the actual number of immigrants, and survey data on migrant characteristics, collected in four Polish cities, to estimate the effective labour supply of Ukrainian immigrants in terms of productivity-adjusted hours worked. The authors find that the arrival of Ukrainian workers was increasing the effective labour supply in Poland in 2013–2018 by 0.8% per annum. Imputing this additional labour supply in a growth accounting exercise they find that the (previously unaccounted) contribution of Ukrainian workers amounted to about 0.5 pp. per annum, i.e., about 13% of Poland’s GDP growth in 2013–2018. The same figure should be subtracted from the residual contribution of total factor productivity growth, suggesting that recent growth in Poland has been in fact much more labour-intensive than previously interpreted.

PERANAN KEMAJUAN TEKNOLOGI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA DAN IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKANNYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mien Askinatin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Technology Growth

Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) is an approach to determine the role of technology progress on economic growth. The calculation of TFPG in this study is use the accounting growth method. Based on data in 1984-2007, TFPG of DKI Jakarta seen coincides with TFPG of Indonesia graphically. This is reinforced by the correlation coefficient value of 87.03 between them. DKI Jakarta provincial economy largely sustained by capital stock which is supported by the growth of TFP. For an accelerated economic growth throughsupport for a strong technology growth, required an atmosphere of economic, social and political stability in an effort to avoid a crisis as happened in 1998.

Total Factor Productivity Growth and the Role of Externalities

1997 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Oulton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Total Factor Productivity Growth ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
New Evidence

This paper argues that the greater part of economic growth can be accounted for by the accumulation of human and physical capital. The role of externalities is relatively small. This view is defended by reviewing the most sophisticated growth accounting studies and also by presenting some new evidence on the growth of total factor productivity in 53 countries over the period 1965 to 1990.

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