Participatory Learning, Experimentation, Action and Dissemination (PLEAD)

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binoo P. Bonny ◽  
R.M. Prasad ◽  
Sindhu S. Narayan ◽  
Mercy Varughese
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Participatory Learning ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones

The authors evolve a model for technology evolution and adaptation in agriculture through a participatory approach. The model follows the premise that the integration of local knowledge, the experience of farmers and quality assessment of evolved strategies help in developing technologies that promote the long-term sustainability of the system. The premise is tested through field interventions under way in 18 farmer research groups (FRG) formed for the purpose in the two agroclimatic zones of Kerala where rice forms the major crop. The experimentation is carried out in fields of selected promoter farmers from the FRGs, taking into account the existing agro-ecological peculiarities and land-use pattern. Appropriate technologies for the system are selected by the farmers from a basket of scientifically proven options and are integrated to enhance the quality of farmer-tried strategies, without researchers conducting any new experiments. The process has resulted in evolving the participatory learning, experimentation, action and dissemination (PLEAD) model, which allows interactive participation of farmers, thereby enabling them to become decision makers through the process of action–reflection–action (PRAXIS) of successful field trials conducted by them. The key elements of the model include agro-ecosystem scanning, farmer-led experimentation and farmer-to-farmer extension. The processes provide lateral and co-learning experiences that benefit all the participants.

scholarly journals Meaningful, but effective? A critical evaluation of Ireland’s citizens’ dialogues on the future of Europe

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572199148
Author(s):  
Anthony Costello
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Deliberative Process ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Future

On the 25 March 2017, leaders of the EU27 and European Union (EU) institutions ratified the Rome Declaration. They committed to invite citizens to discuss Europe’s future and to provide recommendations that would facilitate their decision-makers in shaping their national positions on Europe. In response, citizens’ dialogues on the future of Europe were instituted across the Union to facilitate public participation in shaping Europe. This paper explores Ireland’s set of dialogues which took place during 2018. Although event organisers in Ireland applied a relatively atypical and more systematic and participatory approach to their dialogues, evidence suggests that Irelands’ dialogues were reminiscent of a public relations exercise which showcased the country’s commitment to incorporating citizens into the debate on Europe while avoiding a deliberative design which could have strengthened the quality of public discourse and the quality of public recommendations. Due to an absence of elite political will for a deliberative process, as well as structural weaknesses in design, participants’ recommendations lacked any clear and prescriptive direction which could shape Ireland’s national position on the future of Europe in any constructive or meaningful way.

scholarly journals The consequences for stream water quality of long-term changes in landscape patterns: Implications for land use management and policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 105679
Author(s):  
António Carlos Pinheiro Fernandes ◽  
Lisa Maria de Oliveira Martins ◽  
Fernando António Leal Pacheco ◽  
Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Long Term Changes

Post–Intensive Care Syndrome in Family Decision Makers of Long-term Acute Care Hospital Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Petrinec
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Family Decision ◽  
Post Intensive Care Syndrome

Background Family members of critically ill patients experience indications of post–intensive care syndrome, including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite increased use of long-term acute care hospitals for critically ill patients, little is known about the impact of long-term hospitalization on patients’ family members. Objectives To examine indications of post–intensive care syndrome, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life among family decision makers during and after patients’ long-term hospitalization. Methods A single-center, prospective, longitudinal descriptive study was undertaken of family decision makers of adult patients admitted to long-term acute care hospitals. Indications of post–intensive care syndrome and coping strategies were measured on the day of hospital admission and 30 and 60 days later. Health-related quality of life was measured by using the Short Form-36, version 2, at admission and 60 days later. Results The sample consisted of 30 family decision makers. On admission, 27% reported moderate to severe anxiety, and 20% reported moderate to severe depression. Among the decision makers, 10% met criteria for a provisional diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. At admission, the mean physical summary score for quality of life was 47.8 (SD, 9.91) and the mean mental summary score was 48.00 (SD, 10.28). No significant changes occurred during the study period. Problem-focused coping was the most frequently used coping strategy at all time points. Conclusion Family decision makers of patients in long-term acute care hospitals have a significant prevalence of indications of post–intensive care syndrome.

Comparison of Pedestrian Count Expansion Methods: Land Use Groups versus Empirical Clusters

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (43) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia B. Griswold ◽  
Aditya Medury ◽  
Robert J. Schneider ◽  
Offer Grembek
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Factor Group ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Classification Approach ◽  
Volume Estimates

Expansion factors based on the trends in long-term count data are useful tools for estimating daily, weekly, or annual volumes from short-term counts, but it is unclear how to differentiate locations by activity pattern. This paper compares two approaches to developing factor groups for hour-to-week pedestrian count expansion factors. The land use (LU) classification approach assumes that surrounding LUs affect the pedestrian activity at a location, and it is easy to apply to short-term count locations based on identifiable attributes of the site. The empirical clustering (EC) approach uses statistical methods to match locations based on the actual counts, which may produce more accurate volume estimates, but presents a challenge for determining which factor group to apply to a location. We found that both the LU and EC approaches provided better weekly pedestrian volume estimates than the single factor approach of taking the average of all locations. Further, the differences between LU and EC estimation errors were modest, so it may be beneficial to use the intuitive and practical LU approach. LU groupings can also be modified with insights from the EC results, thus improving estimates while maintaining the ease of application. Ideal times for short-term counts are during peak activity periods, as they generally produce estimates with fewer errors than off-peak periods. Weekly volume estimated from longer-duration counts (e.g., 12 h) is generally more accurate than estimates from shorter-duration counts (e.g., 2 h). Practitioners can follow this guidance to improve the quality of weekly pedestrian volume estimates.

scholarly journals Alternatives to groundwater abstraction as a measure to stop land subsidence: a case study of Semarang, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Beek ◽  
Bart Letitre ◽  
H. Hadiyanto ◽  
S. Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Services

The Water as Leverage project aims to lay a blueprint for urban coastal areas around the world that are facing a variety of water-related issues. The blueprint is based upon three real case studies in Bangladesh, India and Indonesia. The case of Indonesia focuses on Semarang, a city that faces issues like flooding, increased water demand, and a lack of wastewater treatment. In this report I summarise the different techniques available to tackling these issues. Along with this I provide a cost-benefit analysis to support decision makers. For a short term it is recommended to produce industrial water from (polluted) surface water as a means to offer an alternative to groundwater abstraction. On a long term it is recommended to install additional wastewater and drinking water treatment services to facilitate better hygiene and a higher quality of life.

“Adaptative” User Interface for Expert Knowledge Validation and Evaluations Interpretation in an Asset Management Process

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hai¨k ◽  
S. Parfouru ◽  
C. Bauby ◽  
S. Mahe
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Technical Management ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Maintenance Policies ◽  
And Performance

The long term management of a production asset raises several major issues among which rank the technical management of the plant, its economics and the fleet level perspective one has to adopt. Decision makers are therefore faced with the need to define long term policies (up to the end of asset operation) which take into account multiple criteria including safety (which is paramount) and performance. In this paper we first remind the reader of the EDF three-level methodology for asset management. We then focus on the knowledge model and on the software tools that implement this methodology in order to gather, preserve, share, maintain and exploit the expert knowledge needed for asset management and to allow decision makers to define, evaluate and analyze long term plant operation and maintenance policies. Lastly, as the quality of the processed plant level evaluations (operation & maintenance strategies are evaluated, at a plantlevel, through a set of technical and economic indicators) and their interpretation relies on the quality of the knowledge captured in the tools, we focus on the definition of a “adaptative” user interface — based on Electronic Structured Documents — that allows technical/strategic experts and decision makers to consult the useful pieces of knowledge in a context dependent way. Such an interface, which, in a near future, should be fully implemented in the tools will facilitate the validation of the knowledge-base content and the analysis of the processed results.

scholarly journals Trends in the Physical and Social Urban Form: Policy-Making and Natural Sustainable Development Dialectics

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Mohammed Abid ◽  
Ahmed Adnan Saeed ◽  
Saad Fuad Ghaidan Al-Beyaty
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The City

The study deals with the patterns of land use composition, spreading and distribution in Khalidiya city, Anbar Province, Iraq. Regarding the generation of slums with endemic mismanagement in the city of Al Khalidiya, the land use pattern needs urgently to be studied and then problems which arise from improper planning can be identified to enable the development of a strategic optimum application. The objective of the study is to identify natural and administrative contexts in shaping the urban form of Khalidiya indicators that influence property use, such as natural, human variables and spatial interactions and to provide combinations and reasons for land use, economic social and utilities feedback in the area under the study. Indicator influence was calculated in context of natural growth and planning decision-making using the SPSS software. The model input was focused on information sources: field studies, immediate interviews with individual municipal decision makers and the Governorate's Directorate for Urban Planning. The development of Khalidiya has largely been focused on natural contexts (economic and social), with a view to only addressing the residential crisis, whilst all facilities and utilities have been overlooked with no concept of sustainability, together with the usage of natural and human capital. The city plan highlights the failure to utilize agricultural areas, prospective tourism, and renewable sources as well as environmental and economic tasks.

scholarly journals Valutazione dell’impatto delle politiche del prezzo di riferimento sul mercato degli H2-antagonisti nella British Columbia, Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Lutchmie Narine ◽  
Mahil Senathirajah ◽  
Tina Smith ◽  
Albert I. Wertheimer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pharmaceutical Expenditure ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Cost Shifting ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Quality Of Patient Care

In this study we assess the implementation and impact of reference-based pricing (RBP) in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and other OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) jurisdictions within an evaluative framework. This was accomplished by conducting a review of prior studies and an analysis of secondary utilization and cost data. Our review of previous work found the introduction of RBP in other OECD jurisdictions was followed by a temporary reduction in pharmaceutical expenditure growth but the rate of growth soon returned to those of previous years. Early results from the BC experience show similar declines in expenditures within reference drug categories, but it remains to be seen if this will continue in the long term. Although early results suggest RBP in BC may be achieving its goals, more work is needed before it can be declared a success. A more balanced evaluation will need to address nonmonetary issues such as impact on the quality of patient care or extent of cost shifting to other areas of the health system. The policy questions raised in this study indicate decision makers should be cautious when thinking of any wider application of referencebased pricing.

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