Effect of Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) Organic Solvent Exposure on Incidence of Neurotoxicity in Shoe Manufacturing Workers

Background: Shoe manufacturing factory workers in developing countries are daily exposed to complex mixtures of organic solvents. Chemical exposure occurs through inhalation / respiration and skin which can affect many physiological systems. The main chemical exposure to organic solvents in shoe manufacturing comes from the process of gluing and cleaning process by using organic solvents on footwear in the assembling section. Methyl ethyl ketone is one type of organic solvent which, when entering into the body through inhalation routes can cause irritation of the nose, throat, lungs and chest becomes congested. Acute neurotoxicity is a collection of symptoms in the central nervous system (central nervous system depression, psychomotor disorders, narcosis, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, dyspepsia, and nausea). Method: The research design was a prospective cohort research consisting of 45 people for each high MEK exposed group and low exposed to MEK. Data collection was done by interview, physical examination, MEK level measurement of pre-shift urine and end-shift work, and filling out questionnaires Form Acute symptoms rating questionnaire at the beginning of work shift (07.00), 2 hours after work (09.00), break (12.00), 2 hours after break (15.00), and end of work shift (16.00). Result: The incidence of acute neurotoxicity symptoms in the MEK-high exposed group based on the Acute Symptoms questionnaire was 51.1%. Age factor with symptoms of acute neurotoxicity in workers at PT. X with p value = 0.432, gender factor with p value = 0.162, education factor with p value = 0.897, nutritional status factor with p value = 0.865, alcohol habit factor with p value = 0.181, coffee drinking habit factor with p value = 0.265, and smoking habit factor with p value = 0.968, work duration factor with symptoms of acute neurotoxicity at worker in PT. X with p value = 0.533, and the use factor of personal protective equipment (PPE) with p value = 0.470. In this research, symptoms of acute neurotoxicity were dominant are fatigue (80%), headache (77.8%), nausea (71.1%), dizziness (66.7%), and feeling of intoxication (53.3%). Conclusion: There are no subject and occupational factors that have a significant effect to the symptoms of acute neurotoxicity. Conducting isolation of other work areas for workers exposed to chemicals that because of high potential to harm other workers in the vicinity. Reassessing the hazard risk of using MEK substitutes with other chemicals that are of lower risk or replace with water-based solvents. Provide PPE eligible to all workers exposed to chemicals and workers around them. A PPE fit test is used for workers to feel comfortable while wearing it, giving strict sanctions to workers who do not consistently use personal protective equipment.

Download Full-text

PENENTUAN NILAI PARAMETER LIPOFILITAS SENYAWA 4-KLOROBENZOILTIOUREA DAN UJI POTENSIASI TERHADAP TIOPENTAL PADA MENCIT PUTIH (Mus musculus)

Sains & Teknologi ◽

10.24123/jst.v4i1.2290 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Dini Kesuma

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Electronic Properties ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Log P ◽

P Value ◽

Lead Compounds ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Central Nervous System Depressant ◽

The Central Nervous System

Synthesis of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was carried out by acylating thiourea with 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound will increase the lipophilic and the electronic properties other than the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea in order to, by expectation, raise the central nervous system depressant as well. The lipophilic would affect the ability of the compounds in penetrating biological membranes, which is highly dependent on the solubility of the drug within lipid/water. Log P is the most common method used in determining the parameter value. This experiment was to mix two dissolvents (octanol and water) which are immissible. The both levels of the compounds were carefully observed by a spectrophotometer UV-Vis. From the test, the result of log P value of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was 2.32, while the theoretical log P value of the compounds, by using the π Hansch-Fujita method is 1.62 and the f Rekker-Mannhold method is 2.225. Consequently, the result of the test shows that there is a significant difference between the progress experiment and both theoretical log P methods. Moreover, in the test of the central nervous system depressant through the potentiation test to thiopental using mice indicates that the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound have potentiation effects to thiopental compared to the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea.

Download Full-text

A Comparison of the Clinical and Radiological Extent of Denosumab (Xgeva®) Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10112390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2390

Author(s):

Zineb Assili ◽

Gilles Dolivet ◽

Julia Salleron ◽

Claire Griffaton-Tallandier ◽

Claire Egloff-Juras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Side Effect ◽

Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Severe Side Effect ◽

Dental Arch ◽

P Value ◽

The Difference ◽

Bone Exposure

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe side effect of antiresorptive medication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and to compare the clinical and radiological extent of osteonecrosis. A retrospective study of patients who received Xgeva® at the Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine (ICL) was performed. Patients for whom clinical and radiological (CBCT) data were available were divided into two groups: “exposed” for patients with bone exposure and “fistula” when only a fistula through which the bone could be probed was observed. The difference between clinical and radiological extent was assessed. The p-value was set at 0.05, and a total of 246 patients were included. The cumulative incidence of osteonecrosis was 0.9% at 6 months, 7% at 12 months, and 15% from 24 months. The clinical extent of MRONJ was significantly less than their radiological extent: in the “exposed” group, 17 areas (45%) were less extensive clinically than radiologically (p < 0.001) and respectively 6 (67%) for the “fistula” group (p < 0.031). It would seem that a CBCT is essential to know the real extent of MRONJ. Thus, it would seem interesting to systematically perform a CBCT during the diagnosis of MRONJ, exploring the entire affected dental arch.

Download Full-text

Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) Is Overexpressed in Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma (CNS-NB)

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering5040096 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 96 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anders Bailey ◽

Amreena Suri ◽

Pauline Chou ◽

Tatiana Pundy ◽

Samantha Gadd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Embryonal Tumors ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Embryonal Brain

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in pediatrics, with rare occurrences of primary and metastatic tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). We previously reported the overexpression of the polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) in embryonal brain tumors. PLK4 has also been found to be overexpressed in a variety of peripheral adult tumors and recently in peripheral NB. Here, we investigated PLK4 expression in NBs of the CNS (CNS-NB) and validated our findings by performing a multi-platform transcriptomic meta-analysis using publicly available data. We evaluated the PLK4 expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on the CNS-NB samples and compared the relative expression levels among other embryonal and non-embryonal brain tumors. The relative PLK4 expression levels of the NB samples were found to be significantly higher than the non-embryonal brain tumors (p-value < 0.0001 in both our samples and in public databases). Here, we expand upon our previous work that detected PLK4 overexpression in pediatric embryonal tumors to include CNS-NB. As we previously reported, inhibiting PLK4 in embryonal tumors led to decreased tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, and therefore PLK4 may be a potential new therapeutic approach to CNS-NB.

Download Full-text

Utilization of personal protective equipment and associated factors among large-scale factory workers using health belief model in Debre-Berhan town, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2021

10.21203/rs.3.rs-910445/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wondimu Sema ◽

Muluken Tessema

Keyword(s):

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Large Scale ◽

Health Belief ◽

P Value ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Factory Workers ◽

Perceived Severity ◽

Debre Berhan ◽

Equipment Utilization ◽

Belief Model

Abstract BackgroundPersonal protective equipment is designed to protect workers from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. ObjectiveTo determine Personal Protective Equipment utilization and its associated factor based on health belief model among large scale factory workers in Debre-Birhan, Ethiopia. MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was employed in Debre Berhan Town, North Shoa Ethiopia from April 1 st to May 1 st , 2021 using an interviewer administered structured questionnaires. A total of 412 samples were selected by systematic random sampling method. The data was entered by Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS. variables with a p-value of 0.2 was fitted for multiple logistic regressions and a p-value of <0.05 was statistically significant. ResultA total of 412 workers were participated in the study with a 100% response rate. The mean age was 29 (±7.3) years. Most workers 367 (89 %) knew that PPE can prevent work related injury and illness. Over all 172 (41.7 %) of the workers were considered to have good PPE utilization. Perceived susceptibility [AOR=1.2, 95 %, CI (1.076-1.38)], perceived severity, [AOR=1.1, 95 %, CI (1.088-1.163)], perceived self-efficacy, [AOR=1.2, 95 %, CI (1.082-1.349)], and Perceived barrier [AOR=0.87, 95 %, CI (0.800 -0.956)] were found to be significant predictors of good PPE utilization. ConclusionThe study revealed that good Personal protective equipment utilization in large scale factory workers. Perceived susceptibility perceived severity, perceived barrier and perceived self-efficacy were found to be predictors of PPE utilization.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Compliance Level of Nurse Personal Protection Use in Royal Prima General Hospital

Jurnal Profesi Medika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.33533/jpm.v15i1.2909 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution ◽

Nadratul Ulya ◽

Sinta Ayu Setiawan ◽

Sri Wahyuni Nasution

Keyword(s):

General Hospital ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

P Value ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Emergency Unit ◽

Personal Protection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compliance Training ◽

Compliance Level ◽

Work Accidents

This study aimed to determine the level of compliance with the use of personal protective equipment as prevention of work accidents. This research was conducted using quantitative methods with a cross-sectional approach in the Emergency Unit and Intensive Care Unit at the Royal Prima General Hospital. The results showed a relationship between age and adherence to the use of PPE with p = 0.002. There is no correlation between years of service and compliance with the use of PPE with p-value = 0.75. There is a relationship between knowledge of compliance with the use of PPE with p-value = 0.009. There is a relationship between attitudes towards compliance with the use of PPE with p = 0.002. There is a relationship between the availability of facilities and compliance with the use of PPE with a p-value of 0.000. There is a relationship between compliance training on the use of PPE with p-value = 0.004. There is a control relationship to compliance with the use of PPE with p-value = 0.002.

Download Full-text

Impact of Personal Protective Equipment on the Performance of Emergency Pediatric Procedures by Prehospital Providers

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2020.128 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Maybelle Kou ◽

Aaron J. Donoghue ◽

Helen Stacks ◽

Adam Kochman ◽

Meghan Semião ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patient ◽

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Chemical Exposure ◽

Task Completion ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Signed Rank ◽

The Difference ◽

Simulation Center ◽

Bag Mask Ventilation

ABSTRACT Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn by prehospital providers (PHPs) for protection from hazardous exposures. Evidence regarding the ability of PHPs to perform resuscitation procedures has been described in adult but not pediatric models. This study examined the effects of PPE on the ability of PHPs to perform resuscitation procedures on pediatric patients. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a US simulation center. Paramedics wore normal attire at the baseline session and donned full Level B PPE for the second session. During each session, they performed timed sets of psychomotor tasks simulating clinical care of a critically ill pediatric patient. The difference in time to completion between baseline and PPE sessions per task was examined using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: A total of 50 paramedics completed both sessions. Median times for task completion at the PPE sessions increased significantly from baseline for several procedures: tracheal intubation (+4.5 s; P = 0.01), automated external defibrillator (AED) placement (+9.5 s; P = 0.01), intraosseous line insertion (+7 s; P < 0.0001), tourniquet (+8.5 s; P < 0.0001), intramuscular injection (+21-23 s, P < 0.0001), and pulse oximetry (+4 s; P < 0.0001). There was no significant increase in completion time for bag-mask ventilation or autoinjector use. Conclusions: PPE did not have a significant impact on PHPs performing critical tasks while caring for a pediatric patient with a highly infectious or chemical exposure. This information may guide PHPs faced with the situation of resuscitating children while wearing Level B PPE.

Download Full-text

The Role of a Single Dose of Vancomycin in Reducing Clinical Sepsis in Premature Infants Prior to Removal of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter: A Retrospective Study

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632391 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 990-993

Author(s):

Lovya George ◽

Michael Malloy ◽

Rafael Fonseca ◽

Vidit Bhargava

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Exposed Group ◽

P Value ◽

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter ◽

Central Catheter ◽

Clinical Sepsis ◽

Picc Line ◽

Culture Positive

Objective Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line removal is associated with bloodstream infections and clinical sepsis. We aim to investigate the role of a single prophylactic dose of vancomycin in decreasing the incidence of central line associated bloodstream infection associated with PICC removal. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients in the neonatal intensive care unit was conducted. Patients were divided into two study groups based on whether a single dose of vancomycin was administered (exposed) or not (nonexposed). The primary outcome measured was clinical sepsis with or without positive blood culture. Results The incidence of clinical sepsis in the exposed group was 7.3% compared with 6.3% in the nonexposed group (p-value: 0.7860). The incidence of culture-positive sepsis in the exposed group was 2.2% compared with 1.6% in the nonexposed group (p-value: 0.7673). The overall incidence of clinical and culture-positive sepsis in the subgroup with infants weighing <1,500 g and <32 weeks' gestational age was similar to the main study group. Conclusion Our data do not support routine vancomycin prophylaxis prior to PICC line removal in premature infants to prevent sepsis associated with PICC removal. However, a large randomized controlled trial is further needed to delineate these results.

Download Full-text