time regime
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Author(s):  
Olajide O B ◽  
Ogunsanwo O Y ◽  
Aguda L O ◽  
Oriire LT

Determining the variation of chemical properties of thermally treated Bambusa vulgaris is important to provide the information of the responses of the chemical constituents to the bamboo modification against biodegradation. This research was therefore conducted to determine the chemical properties of thermally modified Bambusa vulgaris. Two hundred and seventy (30 x 2 x 0.5 cm) bamboo strips dimension were thermally modified in a heat-chamber at 100, 110, 120, 130 and 140 °C each, for 10, 20 and 30 minutes, under constant pressure (220 N/m2) in factorial arrangement in completely randomised design with 5 replicates. Unmodified strips served as control. Chemical characteristics (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash contents) were determined using standard procedures. The mean variation range of the control to 140°C/30 minutes of the thermally modified samples is as follows; the cellulose value ranged from 46.46±0.11% to 42.19±0.18%, hemicellulose from 35.59±0.10% to 31.80±0.01%, lignin from 29.11±0.12% to 26.17±0.13%, ash from 0.92±0.02% to 0.63±0.01%; the study also revealed that there were decrease in each chemical constituent value varies from a lower to a higher temperature and time regime proportionally except in the lignin content. Increase in temperature and time of thermal modification reduced the chemical characteristics of Bambusa vulgaris which resulted to reduction in the level of sugar contents (cellulose) of bamboo which enables it to be less attractive to both fungi and termite attack hence extending the service life of bamboo in use.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Haider ◽  
Veronica Johansson ◽  
Björn Hammarfelt

PurposeThe article introduces selected theoretical approaches to time and temporality relevant to the field of library and information science, and it briefly introduces the papers gathered in this special issue. A number of issues that could potentially be followed in future research are presented.Design/methodology/approachThe authors review a selection of theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of time that originate in or are of particular relevance to library and information science. Four main themes are identified: (1) information as object in temporal perspectives; (2) time and information as tools of power and control; (3) time in society; and (4) experiencing and practicing time.FindingsThe paper advocates a thorough engagement with how time and temporality shape notions of information more broadly. This includes, for example, paying attention to how various dimensions of the late-modern time regime of acceleration feed into the ways in which information is operationalised, how information work is commodified, and how hierarchies of information are established; paying attention to the changing temporal dynamics that networked information systems imply for our understanding of documents or of memory institutions; or how external events such as social and natural crises quickly alter modes, speed, and forms of data production and use, in areas as diverse as information practices, policy, management, representation, and organisation, amongst others.Originality/valueBy foregrounding temporal perspectives in library and information science, the authors advocate dialogue with important perspectives on time that come from other fields. Rather than just including such perspectives in library and information science, however, the authors find that the focus on information and documents that the library and information science field contributes has great potential to advance the understanding of how notions and experiences of time shape late-modern societies and individuals.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4342
Author(s):  
Andrii Kondratiev ◽  
Václav Píštěk ◽  
Lina Smovziuk ◽  
Maryna Shevtsova ◽  
Anna Fomina ◽  
...  

Repair procedures with the use of composite patches are considered to be the most effective among the current technologies of repair of the structures of various applications. In the process of moulding-on of a patch made of polymeric composite material by means of curing, technological stresses arise in the patch. Determination of residual technological stresses is a priority task for the modelling of the repair process. Reduction of residual stresses can be achieved by optimization of the mode of repair patch curing. For meeting this objective, the method for determination of technological stresses, which arise in the structure under repair in the process of curing of a composite patch, has been developed. The method takes into account the shrinkage, change in physico-mechanical characteristics, rheological processes occurring in the binder during moulding process, and determination of stresses in the structure under repair at any time. Therefore, premature failure of the repair joint at the stage of repair can be avoided. It is shown that the method adequately describes the level of deformations and stresses in the structure being repaired at the stage of heating and holding of the composite patch. Increase in the moulding temperature leads to a reduction in residual stresses in the structure under repair. However, current stresses at the stages of heating and temperature holding are increased significantly. Reliability of assumptions and developed method is confirmed by the comparison with the experimental data. The obtained experimental graph of total deformation of the composite patch allowed us to clearly determine the moment of residual stress occurrence in the structure under repair. This moment matches quite exactly (with the discrepancy not exceeding 5 min) the gel point determined analytically based on dependence of the degree of curing on the moulding mode. Consequently, the research together with the results previously obtained allows making an integrated choice of geometric parameters of the repair composite patch and temperature–time regime of its curing in order to ensure the specified level of strength and stiffness of the structure under repair.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1507
Author(s):  
Zoltán Boldizsár Simon
Keyword(s):  
Time Out ◽  

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-174
Author(s):  
Marcelo Jenny ◽  
Wolfgang C. Müller

In the Austrian parliament a strict time regime keeps the length of debates at bay. While the government sets most of the agenda, opposition parties can get some proposals debated, and new instruments provide room for debate of topics independent of government legislation and reports. Debates are under tight party control with regard to the speakers’ nomination and the speakers sticking to the party line. Individual MPs do have electoral incentives to seek speaking assignments, but for most this results in low-level satisficing rather than maximizing speaking assignments. Party-size is a crucial factor determining the floor presence: MPs belonging to a small party have better chances to speak. Within parties, individual talent of MPs as speakers and their occupation of key party functions such as parliamentary party leader, or party spokesperson in a specific policy area are crucial for nominations.


Author(s):  
A. G. Solovykh ◽  
D. G. Geletiy

It is important for industrial pig breeding to maintain a high level of animal productivity and preserve their health through the use of modern technologies and equipment for disinfection and treatment of premises, including in the presence of animals. The purpose of the research was to identify the most effective combinations of methods and modes of sanitary treatment of premises that contribute to the maximum manifestation of fattening and meat traits of pigs, preserving their health under the conditions of industrial pork production. The object of research was hybrid young pigs obtained from industrial crossbreeding of three breeds (Large White, Landrace, Pietren). It has been found as the result of the conducted investigations that the combination of the aerosol method of disinfection of livestock premises with additional aerosol air treatment during the fattening of young pigs contributes to the growth of its livability, improvement of fattening traits and increase in the efficiency of fattening. The daily consumption of animal feed during the fattening period does not depend on the method of disinfection of premises before they are put on fattening, but increases with the multiplicity of additional sanitary treatments, however, feed expenditures per 1 kg of increase have been reduced with wet disinfection from 3,10 to 2,83 kg, with aerosol disinfection from 3,10 to 2,59 kg. The biggest economic effectiveness of fattening has been noted when combining different methods of disinfection with the two-time regime of additional sanitary treatment of premises during the fattening period at the profitability level of 32,5 and 32,8 %.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Otto

The chapter pursues the hypothesis that the plurality of time in an age of digital interconnectivity imposes itself as a time regime to human and nonhuman entities. By looking at user practices, conventions of time measurement, and temporal operations of digital technologies it is argued that an infrastructural/infrastructuring process consists of the continuous weaving of a relational assemblage between different temporalities, which does not harmonize them, but makes them relevant to each other in their heterogeneity. Thus, the time regime of digitally networked media does not consist of the power constellation of an absolute, “true,” measurable time, but of a fundamental plurality, which becomes visible on the basis of invisible processes and by that challenges all practices of temporal ordering.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryusuke Hamazaki

AbstractExtending notions of phase transitions to nonequilibrium realm is a fundamental problem for statistical mechanics. While it was discovered that critical transitions occur even for transient states before relaxation as the singularity of a dynamical version of free energy, their nature is yet to be elusive. Here, we show that spontaneous symmetry breaking can occur at a short-time regime and causes universal dynamical quantum phase transitions in periodically driven unitary dynamics. Unlike conventional phase transitions, the relevant symmetry is antiunitary: its breaking is accompanied by a many-body exceptional point of a nonunitary operator obtained by space-time duality. Using a stroboscopic Ising model, we demonstrate the existence of distinct phases and unconventional singularity of dynamical free energy, whose signature can be accessed through quasilocal operators. Our results open up research for hitherto unknown phases in short-time regimes, where time serves as another pivotal parameter, with their hidden connection to nonunitary physics.


2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Ayoub Mbarek ◽  
Ahmed Hammami ◽  
Alfonso Fernández Del Rincón ◽  
Fakher Chaari ◽  
Fernando Viadero Rueda ◽  
...  

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