scholarly journals Prevalencia de síndrome de burnout en los estudiantes de la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Central del Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Luzmila De Jesús Carvajal Andrade ◽  
◽  
Belén del Rocío Logacho Villacís ◽  
Ramiro Rogelio Rojas Jaramillo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nursing School ◽  
The Other ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Academic Burnout ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Mean

This research has been conducted in order to determine the Prevalence of the burnout syndrome among students from third to eighth semester who are attending the Nursing School. It was a prevalence study; the data were collected using the survey’s technique, in a questionnaire divided in five sections applied to 172 students. The information analysis was calculated using the Mean method and the Standard Deviation for the Academic burnout, while for the Labor burnout it was utilized the punctuation of: high, medium and low scales. The outcome results showed that the prevalence of the burnout Syndrome in both academic and labor was low. The 2.3 % of students had the Academic burnout, (Confidence interval: 95%, lower limit: 0.44% and upper limit: 4.21%) with a probability of 3.52%, on the other hand the Labor burnout was of 4% among students in the shifting internship, with a probability of 1.22%. Key words: Syndrome burnout, Stress, nursing.

scholarly journals An alternative to the rejection of observations

1932 ◽  
Vol 137 (831) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Continuous Function ◽  
Large Deviations ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cause Of Error ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Law ◽  
Usual Rule

1. It is widely felt that any method of rejecting observations with large deviations from the mean is open to some suspicion. Suppose that by some criterion, such as Peirce’s and Chauvenet’s, we decide to reject observations with deviations greater than 4 σ, where σ is the standard error, computed from the standard deviation by the usual rule; then we reject an observation deviating by 4·5 σ, and thereby alter the mean by about 4·5 σ/ n , where n is the number of observations, and at the same time we reduce the computed standard error. This may lead to the rejection of another observation deviating from the original mean by less than 4 σ, and if the process is repeated the mean may be shifted so much as to lead to doubt as to whether it is really sufficiently representative of the observations. In many cases, where we suspect that some abnormal cause has affected a fraction of the observations, there is a legitimate doubt as to whether it has affected a particular observation. Suppose that we have 50 observations. Then there is an even chance, according to the normal law, of a deviation exceeding 2·33 σ. But a deviation of 3 σ or more is not impossible, and if we make a mistake in rejecting it the mean of the remainder is not the most probable value. On the other hand, an observation deviating by only 2 σ may be affected by an abnormal cause of error, and then we should err in retaining it, even though no existing rule will instruct us to reject such an observation. It seems clear that the probability that a given observation has been affected by an abnormal cause of error is a continuous function of the deviation; it is never certain or impossible that it has been so affected, and a process that completely rejects certain observations, while retaining with full weight others with comparable deviations, possibly in the opposite direction, is unsatisfactory in principle.

scholarly journals Nature versus Nurture in Shallow Convection

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Romps ◽  
Zhiming Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Shallow Convection ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Single Set

Abstract Tracers are used in a large-eddy simulation of shallow convection to show that stochastic entrainment (and not cloud-base properties) determines the fate of convecting parcels. The tracers are used to diagnose the correlations between a parcel’s state above the cloud base and both the parcel’s state at the cloud base and its entrainment history. The correlation with the cloud-base state goes to zero a few hundred meters above the cloud base. On the other hand, correlations between a parcel’s state and its net entrainment are large. Evidence is found that the entrainment events may be described as a stochastic Poisson process. A parcel model is constructed with stochastic entrainment that is able to replicate the mean and standard deviation of cloud properties. Turning off cloud-base variability has little effect on the results, which suggests that stochastic mass-flux models may be initialized with a single set of properties. The success of the stochastic parcel model suggests that it holds promise as the framework for a convective parameterization.

scholarly journals Catalogue of Clusters that are Members of Superclusters

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
M. Kalinkov ◽  
K. Stavrev ◽  
I. Kuneva
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Abell Clusters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Abell Cluster ◽  
Image Position

An attempt is made to establish the membership of Abell clusters in superclusters of galaxies. The relation is used to calibrate the distances to the clusters of galaxies with two redshift estimates. One is m10, the magnitude of the ten-ranked galaxy, and the other is the “mean population,” P, defined by: where p = 40, 65, 105 … galaxies for richness groups 0, 1, 2 …, and r is the apparent radius in degrees given by: The first iteration for redshift, z1, is obtained from m10 alone: The standard deviation for Eq. (1) is 0.105, the number of clusters with known velocities is 342 and the correlation coefficient between observed and fitted values is 0.921. With zi from Eq. (1), we define Cartesian galactic coordinates Xi = Rih−1 cosBi cosLi, Yi = Rih−1 cosBi sinLi, Zi = Rih−1 sinBi for each Abell cluster, i = 1, …, 2712, where Ri is the distance to the cluster (Mpc), and Ho = 100 h km s−1 Mpc−1.

A STATEWIDE_SURVEY OF FREEZING POINTS OF AUTHENTIC MILK SAMPLES1,2

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
P. L. Bradshaw ◽  
R. T. Marshall ◽  
J. E. Edmondson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
The State ◽  
Normal Curve ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Herd Milk

Summary Eigty-three authentic samples were taken from the mixed herd milk of dairies located in eight areas of the State of Mississippi during an eight-month period. The range of freezing points observed was wider than expected based on the recognized upper limit of −0.530 C. Eleven percent of the samples would have been termed adulterated based on this accepted standard. The mean freezing point was −0.536 C and the standard deviation −0.006 C. The data showed a moderately acceptable normal curve fit. But the true distribution appeared somewhat skewed, indicating that factors other than normal differences between animals tend to force the freezing point up. Variation between laboratories was small. The mean test deviation was slightly more than 0.001 C.

Rapid Rhino versus Merocel nasal packs in septal surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hesham ◽  
A Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Visual Analogue Score ◽  
Nasal Packing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Septal Surgery ◽  
Patient Tolerance ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjective:To compare Rapid Rhino and Merocel packs for nasal packing after septoplasty, in terms of patient tolerance (both with the pack in place and during removal) and post-operative complications.Materials and methods:Thirty patients (aged 18–40 years) scheduled for septoplasty were included. Following surgery, one nasal cavity was packed with Rapid Rhino and the other one with Merocel. Patients were asked to record pain levels on a visual analogue score, on both sides, with the packs in situ and during their removal the next day. After pack removal, bleeding was compared on both sides.Results:The mean ± standard deviation pain score for the Rapid Rhino pack in situ (4.17 ± 1.78) was less than that for the Merocel pack (4.73 ± 2.05), but not significantly so (p = 0.314). The mean pain score for Rapid Rhino pack removal (4.13 ± 1.76) was significantly less that that for Merocel (6.90 ± 1.67; p = 0.001). Bleeding after pack removal was significantly less for the Rapid Rhino sides compared with the Merocel sides (p <0.05).Conclusion:Rapid Rhino nasal packs are less painful and cause less bleeding, compared with Merocel packs, with no side effects. Thus, their use for nasal packing after septal surgery is recommended.

scholarly journals Nadir Correction of AIRS Radiances

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee-Kiat Teo ◽  
Tieh-Yong Koh
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Limb Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Window ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Optimal Set ◽  
Atmospheric Windows

Abstract A statistical method to correct for the limb effect in off-nadir Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) channel radiances is described, using the channel radiance itself and principal components (PCs) of the other channel radiances to account for the multicollinearity. A method of selecting an optimal set of predictors is proposed and demonstrated for one- and two-PC predictors. Validation results with a subset of AIRS channels in the spectral region 649–2664 cm−1 show that the mean nadir-corrected brightness temperature (BT) is largely independent of scan angle. More than 66% of the channels have a root-mean-square (rms) bias less than 0.10 K after nadir correction. Limb effect on the standard deviation (SD) of BT is discernible at larger scan angles, mainly for the atmospheric windows and the water vapor channels around 6.7 μm. After nadir correction, nearly all atmospheric window channels unaffected by solar glint and more than 76% of water vapor channels examined have BT SDs brought closer to nadir values. For the window channels affected by solar glint (wavenumber &gt; 2490 cm−1), BT SDs at the scan angles with the strongest impact from solar reflection were improved on average by more than 0.6 K after nadir correction.

scholarly journals On The Estimation of Means and Variances In The Case Of Unequal Components

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa Hovinen
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Statistical Work ◽  
Better Than

In practical statistical work one frequently meets certain problems. For instance, we may have the following data about loss ratios in certain insurance companies and corresponding, numbers of insurance in force:I assume further that we have no reason to believe that the companies, their loss ratios and their structure of insurances in force differ in any other way than by the size of companies. The problem is how to get quick estimates of mean losses and their variances in different companies?A straitforward way to estimate the mean loss ratio would be to compute the usual mean of numbers pi, (Σpi/6) = 14; its standard deviation is 6,5. As this procedure of the “first statistician” seems to be too simple and naive, a “more cautious” statistician would compute the weighted mean loss ratioThe “more cautious” statistician would arque that his result is much better than the other result 14. But what would be the variance of the estimate 7,1, and what is the variance in the different companies?

Proyecciones matemáticas del COVID-19: simulación de escenarios para la elección 2021 en México

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Mario Ortigoza Capetillo ◽  
Alberto Pedro Lorandi Medina
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Student Distribution ◽  
The Mean

En este trabajo analizamos escenarios hipotéticos para contagios de COVID-19 durante la elección 2021 en México. Del 2 de abril al 2 de junio 2021 se llevarán a cabo elecciones de diputados federales, diputados locales, gubernaturas y presidencias municipales en lo que es considerada como la elección más grande en la historia de México; se estima que las actividades de las campañas electorales y el día de la votación se incrementará la movilidad de las personas y con ello su riesgo de contagio por COVID-19. Usando datos históricos de razones de contagios se define la media de estos datos, su desviación estándar y mediante una distribución t-Student se obtiene un intervalo de 90% de confianza para la media. Se utilizan el centro y ambos extremos de este intervalo como tasas de incremento para simular el crecimiento de casos en dos periodos (primer mes: elección diputados federales; segundo mes: elección gubernaturas, diputados locales y ayuntamientos); se reportan simulaciones usando algoritmos de aprendizaje de máquina a 2 meses pasadas las elecciones.Palabras clave: aprendizaje máquina, proyecciones COVID-19, elección 2021 México.SUMMARYIn this work we analyze hypothetical scenarios for COVID-19 infections during the 2021 election in Mexico; from april 2 to june 2, 2021, elections for federal deputies, local deputies, governorships and municipal presidencies will be held in what is considered the largest election in Mexico´s history; it is estimated that the activities of the electoral campaigns and the election day will increase the mobility of people and with it their risk of contagion by COVID-19. Using historical data on infection rates, the mean of these data is defined, its standard deviation and a t-Student distribution is used to obtain a 90% confidence interval for the mean. The center and both ends of this interval are used as rates of increase to simulate the growth of cases in two periods (first month; election of federal deputies; second month; election of governorships, local deputies and municipalities), simulations are reported using machine learning algorithms 2 monts after the elections.Keywords: machine learning, COVID-19 projections, Mexico 2021 electionINTRODUCCIÓNAl momento de escribir este trabajo, se han confirmado alrededor de 110 millones de casos de

scholarly journals Iphone app use to Cobb angle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Does this apply?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antenor Rafael de Oliveira Mazzuia ◽  
Diógenes Rodrigues Machado ◽  
Denis Kiyoshi Fukumothi ◽  
Luccas Franco Bettencourt Nunes ◽  
Carlos Tucci Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
The Mean

<sec><title>OBJECTIVE:</title><p> To validate a new method of measuring the Cobb angle for scoliosis from the mobile app CobbMeter to facilitate the evaluation and measurement in clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS:</title><p> Five observers with minimum experience of two years in the field performed radiographic measurements of Cobb angle in 24 radiographs of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis through the CobbMeter. Observers performed serial measures on the images with the application, which were repeated after one month. The most experienced appraiser of the group, after measurements were made through the application, determined the Cobb angle in each radiography by the traditional method.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS:</title><p> The mean standard deviation by comparing the angles electronically and manually measured had no clinical significance. Although 40% of electronic measurements are outside the confidence interval when compared to manual measurements, this difference was insignificant in clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS:</title><p> The CobbMeter is another alternative for measuring Cobb angle in scoliosis.</p></sec>

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