RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN IMMUNOMODULATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SHILAJATU

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (09) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Rohit Singh ◽  
Shreshtha Kaushik ◽  
Pramod Yadav ◽  
Galib Ruknuddin ◽  
Pradeep K. Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Compound Plant ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Ayurveda focuses upon preventing and promoting health along with curing of diseases in a systematic way. Ayurvedic literature has numerous single and compound plant-based, herbo-mineral, herbo-metallic formulations for general well being and in disease-specifi c conditions relating to geriatrics. Rasayana is a specialized branch that deals with the problems related to ageing and methods to counter the same. Shilajatu is one such compound, which has been used in Ayurveda for centuries as Rasayana and as a treatment for all the ailments of body. It is composed of mainly humic acid (60-80 %), and fulvic acid, oxygenated dibenzo- -pyrones and minerals in ionic form (20-40 %). This article is aimed at analyzing and disseminating the classical concepts and available published researches inferring antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of Shilajatu. The review reveals that Shilajatu exhibits signifi cant antioxidant, immunomodulatory, chelating, cognitive and memory enhancing activities, thus it could prove to be a panacea for mankind.

Characteristics of fouling due to clay-organic substances in potable water treatment by ultrafiltration

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim C.-H. ◽  
M. Hosomi ◽  
A. Murakami ◽  
M. Okada
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Fouling Materials

Effects of clay on fouling due to organic substances and clay were evaluated by model fouling materials and kaolin. Model fouling materials selected were protein, polysaccharide, fulvic acid, humic acid and algogenic matter (EOM:ectracellular organic matter, microbial decomposition products) and kaolin was selected as the clay material. Polysulfone membrane (MWCO(Molecular Weight Cut-Off) 10,000, 50,000 and 200,000) was used as an ultrafiltration membrane. In particular, the flux measurement of solutions containing algogenic matter used an ultrafiltration membrane of MWCO 50,000. The flux of protein and polysaccharide with coexistence of kaolin increased in the case of the ratio of MW/MWCO being greater than one, but did not increase in the case of the MW/MWCO ratio being below one. In contrast, the flux of fulvic acid and humic acid with coextence of kaolin decreased regardless of the ratio of MW/MWCO. The addition of dispersion agent and coagulant in the organic substances and kaolin mixture solution changed the size distribution of kaolin, and resulted in a change of the flux. EOM and microbial decomposition products decreased with the increase of the fraction of organic matter having molecular weight more than MWCO of membrane. The flux of the algogenic organic matter with coexistence of kaolin decreased with the increase of the amount of kaolin. It was suggested that the decline of the flux with coexistence of kaolin was due to the change of the resistance of the kaolin cake layer corresponding to the change in kaolin size distribution with charge.

Corrigendum to: Effect of humic acid, fulvic acid, pH, ionic strength and temperature on 63Ni(II) sorption to MnO2

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Guodong Sheng ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Han Jing ◽  
Shitong Yang ◽  
Xuemei Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Acid Ph

scholarly journals Determination of Organic Compounds, Fulvic Acid, Humic Acid, and Humin in Peat and Sapropel Alkaline Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2995
Author(s):  
Laurynas Jarukas ◽  
Liudas Ivanauskas ◽  
Giedre Kasparaviciene ◽  
Juste Baranauskaite ◽  
Mindaugas Marksa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Ultrasound Extraction ◽  
Different Origins

Black, brown, and light peat and sapropel were analyzed as natural sources of organic and humic substances. These specific substances are applicable in industry, agriculture, the environment, and biomedicine with well-known and novel approaches. Analysis of the organic compounds fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin in different peat and sapropel extracts from Lithuania was performed in this study. The dominant organic compound was bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) carbonate, which varied from 6.90% to 25.68% in peat extracts. The highest mass fraction of malonic acid amide was in the sapropel extract; it varied from 12.44% to 26.84%. Significant amounts of acetohydroxamic, lactic, and glycolic acid derivatives were identified in peat and sapropel extracts. Comparing the two extraction methods, it was concluded that active maceration was more efficient than ultrasound extraction in yielding higher amounts of organic compounds. The highest amounts of fulvic acid (1%) and humic acid and humin (15.3%) were determined in pure brown peat samples. This research on humic substances is useful to characterize the peat of different origins, to develop possible aspects of standardization, and to describe potential of the chemical constituents.

HUMUS FRACTION RATIOS AS A MEANS OF DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN HORIZON TYPES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. LOWE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Humus Fraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fraction Distribution

Humus fraction distribution in a wide range of horizon samples was examined by measuring carbon content in humic acid (Ch), in fulvic acid (Cf) and in the strongly colored polyphenolic component of the fulvic acid fraction (Ca). Fraction distribution was described by the ratios Ch/Cf and Ca/Cf. It was concluded that humus fraction ratios were related to horizon types as used in the Canadian System of Soil Classification, and were effective in discriminating between certain horizon types, particularly between Luvisolic Bt and Podzolic Bf. The results also suggested that humus fraction ratios may be effective in separating distinct sub-populations within Ah horizons and Bf horizons in general, based on qualitative differences in organic matter present. Aspects of the role of humus fractions in soil genesis are discussed.

Cadmium, lead, and copper binding to humic acid and fulvic acid extracted from an ombrotrophic peat bog

Geoderma ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gondar ◽  
R. López ◽  
S. Fiol ◽  
J.M. Antelo ◽  
F. Arce
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Ombrotrophic Peat

Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid Hinder Long-Term Weathering of Microplastics in Lake Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wu ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Zhimin Gong ◽  
Hanyu Wang ◽  
Hexinyue Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Lake Water

Humic Colloid Generation of Transuranic Elements in Groundwater and Their Migration Behaviour

1986 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.I. Kim ◽  
G. Buckau ◽  
W. Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Colloidal Form ◽  
Doc Concentration

AbstractThe generation of humic colloids of Am(III) has been investigated in Gorleben groundwaters containing different amounts of humic substances. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in these groundwaters consists mainly of humic acid and fulvic acid, which is present in a colloidal form through aggregation with trace heavy metal ions of groundwater constituents. Concentrations of these heavy metal ions are proportional to the DOC concentration. The generation of Am(III) pseudocolloids through geochemical interactions with humic colloids in different groundwaters is quantified by ultrafiltration as well as ultracentrifugation by the aid of radiometric concentration measurements. The speciation of dissolved Am(III) species in groundwaters is carried out by laser induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS).

Role of Complexation in Propranolol Sorption to Clay Minerals in the Presence of Fulvic and Humic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
Na Peng ◽  
Kai Feng Wang ◽  
Guo Guang Liu ◽  
Lin Ze Zeng ◽  
Han Wei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching Method ◽  
Quenching Method ◽  
Ph Range

Sorption behaviors of propranolol (PRO) on montmorillonite and kaolinite in the presence of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) were investigated. Complexation of propranolol with FA/HA also have been studied using the fluorescence quenching method. PRO could be complexed by FA and HA strongly in the 5-9 pH range. PRO sorption was found to be higher on montmorillonite than on kaolinite. In the presence of FA/HA, the sorption of PRO on montmorillonite and kaolinite was inhibited and enhanced respectively. The mechanism is due to the free PRO and complexed PRO has different affinity to montmorillonite and kaolinite surfaces.

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