The Arabian Sea – Marine Pollution Viz A Viz Existence and Implementation of International Preventative Laws

Tremendously increasing marine pollution is a global threat to the survival of humanity. The correlation between marine pollution and devastating impact on ecological systems and other spheres of environment havealreadybeenproven. Marine pollution is not a localized phenomenon and has its effects on a globalscale; this leads to formulatio n of certain international regulations mutually agreed bysignatory nations. However, in certain parts of the world, including the Indian Ocean, compliance withregulations is not observable. Unsolved partof the puzzle is; why marine pollution continues to exist notwithstanding the evidence that it is so very dangerous. To answer this question, economic, legal, political, scientific, social and technological factors need to be brought under consideration. This study serves a twofold purpose; firstly, it enquires into the deliberation on international law regarding marine pollution in this region; secondly, it identifies the quantity and quality of the mainsources ofmarine pollution in the Indian Ocean. An attempthas beenmade to identify mainsources ofmarine pollution in Indian Ocean followed by a chemical classification of pollutants and extrapolating their temporal impacts on bio-diversity of the region. Understanding ofpollutionsources thataffect Indian Oceanprovidebetter insight for planning and implementation of the necessary regime to prevent, reduce and control marine pollution in the Arabian Sea. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis performed in the region, using advanced analytical techniques to prevent, control and eliminate marine pollution viz-à-viz various conventions put in place in the region depict that strict compliance of the protocols is need of time to save the oceans fromgetting polluted beyond the limitof retrieval to original state.

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Vallicula multiformis Rankin, 1956 (Ctenophora, Platyctenida): first record from the Indian Ocean

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.1.1544 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1544 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amruta Prasade ◽

Deepak Apte ◽

Purushottam Kale ◽

Otto M.P. Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

West Coast ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

First Record ◽

West Coast Of India ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

First Time

The benthic ctenophore Vallicula multiformis Rankin, 1956 is recorded for the first time in the Arabian Sea, from the Gulf of Kutch, west coast of India in March 2013. This occurrence represents a remarkable extension of its geographic distribution that until now included only known the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

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Microstructure of Climate-Forcing Aerosols: Aircraft Traverses from Clean to Polluted Conditions in the Indian Ocean

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600028476 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (S2) ◽

pp. 480-481

Author(s):

James R. Anderson ◽

Peter Crozier

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

Aerosol Particles ◽

Climate Forcing ◽

Convergence Zone ◽

Sulfate Aerosols ◽

Large Area ◽

Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ◽

The Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) was conducted in Feb.-Mar. 1999 in a large area of the Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, and Arabian Sea to investigate climate forcing produced by pollutant aerosol particles being transported out of India, Pakistan, and Indochina during the Northeast (“Dry“) Monsoon2. Pollutant aerosols can be transported a thousand km or more by prevailing winds as far south as the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the convective band that separates Northern and Southern Hemisphere tropospheric air. We present here results from TEM examination of aerosol particles collected on INDOEX research flights of the NCAR C-130 aircraft.The climate forcing properties of sulfate aerosols over the oceans have long been recognized2. Sulfate and other particles scatter incoming solar radiation, reducing the amount of light (and heat) incident on the ocean surface and thus causing a cooling effect which may locally counter some of the warming effect due to greenhouse gases.

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Variability of Mixed-Layer Heights over the Indian Ocean and Central Arabian Sea during INDOEX, IFP-99

Boundary-Layer Meteorology ◽

10.1023/a:1022811512160 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 683-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

D. Bala Subrahamanyam ◽

Radhika Ramachandran ◽

K. Sen Gupta ◽

Tuhin K. Mandal

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Mixed Layer ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

The Indian Ocean

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A discussion concerning the floor of the northwest Indian Ocean - Physciography of the Indian Ocean

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.1966.0003 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 259 (1099) ◽

pp. 137-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

Polar Front ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

Southwest Indian Ocean ◽

Oceanic Ridge ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Lateral Displacements ◽

Ocean Ridge

As a result of the International Indian Ocean Expedition, the bottom of the Indian Ocean is now one of the best known areas of the ocean floor. The Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge, a rugged mountain range, lies in the centre of the Indian Ocean. North-northeast trending fractures offset the axis of the ridge. In the Arabian Sea these fractures are right lateral; in the southwest Indian Ocean they are left lateral. Displacements range from a few miles* to over 200 miles. The northeast Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are occupied by huge abyssal cones built by sediments discharged from the Indo-Gangetic plain. Extensive abyssal plains lie seaward of the abyssal cones. In low latitudes smooth topography is characteristic of the continental rise, the abyssal cones, and the oceanic rises. However, near the polar front smooth c swale9 topography laps over the normally rugged Mid-Oceanic Ridge. This c swale5 smoothing appears the result of the higher organic productivity of the Antarctic seas. Microcontinents, mostly linear meridional ridges, are unique features of the Indian Ocean. These massive but smooth-surfaced blocks contrast markedly with the broad rugged Mid-Oceanic Ridge.

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The Dutch and the Second British Empire in the Early Nineteenth-Century Indian Ocean World

Journal of British Studies ◽

10.1017/jbr.2018.179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 366-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James David Wilson

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

British Empire ◽

Napoleonic Wars ◽

Dutch Politics ◽

East Indies ◽

Liberal Reform ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Indian Ocean World ◽

And Control

AbstractDuring the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the British Empire grew through its invasion of Dutch colonies around the Indian Ocean rim. The incursions entwined British and Dutch politics, cultures, and social networks. These developments were significant for the Dutch East Indies, but have received relatively little attention in histories of the Second British Empire. In light of recent interest in Anglo-Dutch interaction, connectivity across empires, and the uses of prosopography to question the boundaries of imperial history, this article uses Dutch biographies to interrogate the relationship between the politics of liberal reform and despotism in the Cape Colony and Java under the British. A dialectic between despotism and liberalism dominates the Second Empire's historiography. Conversely, tracing the biographies of two interstitial figures who passed between the Dutch Empire and that of Britain shows how despotism and reform were connected. The Dutch drew notions of reform from their social networks into the Cape and Java through their manipulation of loyalist rhetoric. Concurrently, the use of such rhetoric legitimized societies and controls linked to the entrenchment of autocracy. This article thus reveals links between connectivity and control in Britain's Indian Ocean empire.

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Thermodynamic structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean during pre-INDOEX and INDOEX-FFP campaigns

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-22-2679-2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 2679-2691 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. V. Ramana ◽

P. Krishnan ◽

S. Muraleedharan Nair ◽

P. K. Kunhikrishnan

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽

Mixed Layer ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

Trade Wind ◽

Back Trajectory ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Air Mass ◽

The Indian Ocean

Abstract. Spatial and temporal variability of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) height for the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) study period are examined using the data collected through Cross-chained LORAN (Long-Range Aid to Navigation) Atmospheric Sounding System (CLASS) launchings during the Northern Hemispheric winter monsoon period. This paper reports the results of the analyses of the data collected during the pre-INDOEX (1997) and the INDOEX-First Field Phase (FFP; 1998) in the latitude range 14°N to 20°S over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. Mixed layer heights are derived from thermodynamic profiles and they indicated the variability of heights ranging from 400m to 1100m during daytime depending upon the location. Mixed layer heights over the Indian Ocean are slightly higher during the INDOEX-FFP than the pre-INDOEX due to anomalous conditions prevailing during the INDOEX-FFP. The trade wind inversion height varied from 2.3km to 4.5km during the pre-INDOEX and from 0.4km to 2.5km during the INDOEX-FFP. Elevated plumes of polluted air (lofted aerosol plumes) above the marine boundary layer are observed from thermodynamic profiles of the lower troposphere during the INDOEX-FFP. These elevated plumes are examined using 5-day back trajectory analysis and show that one group of air mass travelled a long way from Saudi Arabia and Iran/Iraq through India before reaching the location of measurement, while the other air mass originates from India and the Bay of Bengal.

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An Arabian Sea Chart of the Middle Ages

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s037346330004220x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 434-448

Author(s):

H. Grosset-Grange

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Fifteenth Century ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

Place Names ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

The Middle Ages

This study of fifteenth-century Arab sailing directions for the Indian Ocean is translated from a paper which was published in the July 1974 issue of Navigation, the Journal of the French Institute of Navigation. The spelling of modern place names has been assimilated to that of the Admiralty Charts and Sailing Directions but other Arabic names and terms have been left in the authors' approximate transliteration. Quotations from the Arabic texts are printed in italics.

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First occurrence of the moray eel Gymnothorax prolatus Sasaki & Amaoka, 1991 (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the northern Indian Ocean

Marine Biodiversity Records ◽

10.1017/s1755267215000834 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anil Mohapatra ◽

Dipanjan Ray ◽

David G. Smith

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

Western Indian Ocean ◽

Northern Indian Ocean ◽

The North ◽

First Occurrence ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

First Time ◽

North Western ◽

Moray Eel

Gymnothorax prolatusis recorded for the first time from the Indian Ocean on the basis of four specimens collected in the Bay of Bengal off India and one from the Arabian Sea off Pakistan. These records extend the range of the species from Taiwan to the north-western Indian Ocean.

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THE TANKER ASSIMI—A CASE HISTORY1

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-307 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 1985 (1) ◽

pp. 307-310

Author(s):

Terence M. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Developing Country ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

Marine Pollution ◽

Pollution Prevention ◽

International Maritime Organization ◽

Contingency Plan ◽

And Control ◽

Advisory Role

ABSTRACT The tanker Assimi caught fire off the coast of Oman in January 1983 and subsequently broke up and sank in the Arabian Sea, approximately 200 miles equidistant from the coasts of Oman and Pakistan. This paper deals with the response actions taken by the Council for Conservation of the Environment and Prevention of Pollution (CCEPP) and the advisory role of the author during this incident. The author subsequently advised CCEPP on development of their programs of marine pollution prevention, control, and response and assisted in the preparation of a National Contingency Plan for Oman and provision of associated manpower and resources. The paper also outlines the advisory role of the International Maritime Organization in a developing country for prevention and control of marine pollution.

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Remote influences on the Indian monsoon Low-Level Jet intraseasonal variations

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19411 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Takeshi Izumo ◽

Maratt Satheesan Swathi ◽

Matthieu Lengaigne ◽

Jérôme Vialard ◽

Dr Ramesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Indian Summer Monsoon ◽

Arabian Sea ◽

Large Scale ◽

Indian Monsoon ◽

Westerly Wind ◽

Low Level ◽

Intraseasonal Variations ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Low Level Jet

A strong Low-Level Jet (LLJ), also known as the Findlater jet, develops over the Arabian Sea during the Indian summer monsoon. This jet is an essential source of moisture for monsoonal rainfall over the densely-populated Indian subcontinent and is a key contributor to the Indian Ocean oceanic productivity by sustaining the western Arabian Sea upwelling systems. The LLJ intensity fluctuates intraseasonally within the ~20- to 90-day band, in relation with the northward-propagating active and break phases of the Indian summer monsoon. Our observational analyses reveal that these large-scale regional convective perturbations&#160; only explain about half of the intraseasonal LLJ variance, the other half being unrelated to large-scale convective perturbations over the Indian Ocean. We show that convective fluctuations in two regions outside the Indian Ocean can remotely force a LLJ intensification, four days later. Enhanced atmosphericdeep convection over the northwestern tropical Pacific yields westerly wind anomalies that propagate westward to the Arabian Sea as baroclinic atmospheric Rossby Waves. Suppressed convection over the eastern Pacific / North American monsoon region yields westerly wind anomalies that propagate eastward to the Indian Ocean as dry baroclinic equatorial Kelvin waves. Those largely independent remote influences jointly explain ~40% of the intraseasonal LLJ variance that is not related to convective perturbations over the Indian Ocean (i.e. ~20% of the total), with the northwestern Pacific contributing twice as much as the eastern Pacific. Taking into account these two remote influences should thus enhance the ability to predict the LLJ.&#160;Related reference:&#160;Swathi M.S, Takeshi Izumo, Matthieu Lengaigne, J&#233;r&#244;me Vialard and M.R. Ramesh Kumar:Remote influences on the Indian monsoon Low-Level Jet intraseasonal variations, accepted in Climate Dynamics.

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