New Social Tasks for Cognitive Psychology; Or, New Cognitive Tasks for Social Psychology

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wettersten
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Social Tasks

Your Facts or Mine?

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Morgan Marietta ◽  
David C. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Personal Knowledge ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms

Chapter 5 commences Part II of the book, Causes. It reviews the well-demonstrated psychological mechanisms that lead citizens toward perceiving only a specific set of facts, all the while believing in their sophisticated and unbiased appraisal. A constellation of reinforcing mechanisms adds up to citizens projecting their priors onto their perceptions. The chapter provides a detailed review of the psychological foundations of fact perceptions. It begins by describing the power of personal knowledge (highlighting the notorious “dress controversy” of 2015) and continues to discuss the contributions of cognitive psychology, social psychology, the theory of motivated reasoning, and the perspective that “reasoning is for arguing.” It concludes that all of these literatures point to a powerful role for core values as shapers of reality perceptions, noting the lack of empirical studies that directly test that hypothesis.

Behavioral and Social Sciences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adefolake Akinsanya
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Psychoanalytic Theory ◽  
Behavioral Psychology ◽  
Ethnicity And Race

In this chapter topics on psychology including experimental and behavioral psychology, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology and social psychology will be reviewed. Additionally, essential topics in sociology including anthropology, culture, ethnicity and race will be reviewed. Other topics that will be reviewed in this chapter include ethology, psychoanalytic theory and spirituality

Intra-Israeli Conflict

2016 ◽  
pp. 99-144
Author(s):  
Lucille Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Political Demographics ◽  
Depth View

‘Intra-Israeli Conflict’ examines how the primary corpus represents conflict between different ethnic and political demographics among Jews in Israel. Using cognitive science, social psychology, and cognitive psychology, Cairns attempts to understand how and why conflict comes to be. The chapter takes an in-depth view at the immigrants who form the main constituents of Francophone communities in Israel, namely those of Moroccan, Tunisian, and Algerian descent, and highlights their intra-ethnic differences and the intense emotions felt between them.

Growing From Childhood into Adolescence

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zheng Yan ◽  
Robert Z. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development

In this theoretical review paper, the authors discuss five important issues about the science of cyber behavior as a field of scientific research. First, they argue that the science of cyber behavior as a field of research is entering its adolescence after growing from its childhood, but before spearheading into its adulthood. The paper reviews the current understanding of human behavior in general and state that behavior sciences have generated extensive knowledge about human behavior theoretically, empirically, and methodologically across multiple disciplines. Next, the authors focus on cyber communication as an example to illustrate current knowledge about various types of cyber behaviors. They showcase exemplary research programs on cyber behavior in four disciplines of behavioral sciences, social psychology, cognitive psychology, communication studies, and sociology. Finally, the paper outlines future research programs in five major directions for further development of the field. Taking the opportunity to commemorate the inaugural issue of the International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, the authors attempt to draw the first sketch of the science of cyber behavior from the perspective of history of science.

scholarly journals The Prior Odds of Testing a True Effect in Cognitive and Social Psychology

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent M. Wilson ◽  
John T. Wixted
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
High Power ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Prior Odds ◽  
True Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
Published Result

Efforts to increase replication rates in psychology generally consist of recommended improvements to methodology, such as increasing sample sizes to increase power or using a lower alpha level. However, little attention has been paid to how the prior odds ( R) that a tested effect is true can affect the probability that a significant result will be replicable. The lower R is, the less likely a published result will be replicable even if power is high. It follows that if R is lower in one set of studies than in another, then all else being equal, published results will be less replicable in the set with lower R. We illustrate this point by presenting an analysis of data from the social-psychology and cognitive-psychology studies that were included in the Open Science Collaboration’s (2015) replication project. We found that R was lower for the social-psychology studies than for the cognitive-psychology studies, which might explain why the rate of successful replications differed between these two sets of studies. This difference in replication rates may reflect the degree to which scientists in the two fields value risky but potentially groundbreaking (i.e., low- R) research. Critically, high- R research is not inherently better or worse than low- R research for advancing knowledge. However, if they wish to achieve replication rates comparable to those of high- R fields (a judgment call), researchers in low- R fields would need to use an especially low alpha level, conduct experiments that have especially high power, or both.

Mindset, Decision Making, and Motivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Cynthia Mary Sistek-Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Fixed Mindset ◽  
Thinking Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Mindset Theory

This chapter will provide an overview of mindset and discuss how mindset can assist in decision making and serve as a catalyst for changing perceptions that influence outcomes. Mindset is based on three theoretical foundations: 1) cognitive psychology, 2) social psychology and leadership, and 3) positive psychology. The act of applying mindset theory impacts decisions and decision making. Mindset has the ability to make changes and develop new paradigms for thinking. Strategies for applying growth mindset and how to avoid a fixed mindset will be offered to the reader. Along with the issue of motivation, mindset will also be discussed.

Growing From Childhood Into Adolescence

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Zheng Yan ◽  
Robert Z. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development

In this theoretical review paper, the authors discuss five important issues about the science of cyber behavior as a field of scientific research. First, they argue that the science of cyber behavior as a field of research is entering its adolescence after growing from its childhood, but before spearheading into its adulthood. The paper reviews the current understanding of human behavior in general and state that behavior sciences have generated extensive knowledge about human behavior theoretically, empirically, and methodologically across multiple disciplines. Next, the authors focus on cyber communication as an example to illustrate current knowledge about various types of cyber behaviors. They showcase exemplary research programs on cyber behavior in four disciplines of behavioral sciences, social psychology, cognitive psychology, communication studies, and sociology. Finally, the paper outlines future research programs in five major directions for further development of the field. Taking the opportunity to commemorate the inaugural issue of the International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, the authors attempt to draw the first sketch of the science of cyber behavior from the perspective of history of science.

Theory-based cognitive tasks for the identification of intellectually gifted students

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Lazar Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Central Processor ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Intellectually Gifted

AbstractThis paper argues that there is an inadequate supply of psychological tests that can be used for the assessment of intellectually gifted students. New psychological tests should be constructed for these purposes. The theories of experimental cognitive psychology which emphasize the role of capacity limitations and the importance of the construct of complexity provide a useful framework for the development of such new tests. Particularly promising has been the work with competing tasks, with tasks that place an increasing demandon the central processor (or working memory), and with tasks that systematically vary complexity and difficulty. Several examples of these new tasks are described.

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