FACE-SAVING AND FACE-THREATENING NEGOTIATION BY LECTURERS: GENDER AND TEACHING EXPERIENCE DIFFERENCES

Teachers’ use of language was believed to give impact for the success of language learners in one way or another. As some teachers’ speech included managing classroom, giving instructions, and providing feedbacks, it is inevitable that a teacher would use the power and make the students uncomfortable. To soften the speech or lessen the impact to the students, a teacher could use some strategies of politeness inside the classroom. Seeing how linguistic politeness manifested by teachers could generally affect the students’ esteem, this study aimed at observing face-threatening and face-saving utterances produced by six lecturers during 6 different lessons in a state university. Combining Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness and Yule’s concept of face, this study would also contrast the language production by lecturers of different gender and different length of teaching experience to find out if they were correlated. Under the qualitative method, the researcher carried out class observation, recorded the interaction, and transcribed all of the lecturers’ utterances. This study revealed that lecturers generally tend to manage more face-saving acts. However, it showed that most face-threatening utterances were generated by male lecturers. It also indicated that lecturers with longer teaching experience produced more face-threatening utterances, and lecturers with shorter teaching experience produced more face-saving utterances. The fact that female lecturers in this study were dominant in negotiating face-saving acts justified women are more polite than men.

Wifehood (Im)politeness in Negotiating Responsibility, Position, and Solidarity in Ola Rotimi’s Our Husband Has Gone Mad Again

This study examines how wifehood is discursively practiced in Yorùbá traditional polygamous marriage system as portrayed in Ola Rotimi’s Our Husband Has Gone Mad Again. Purposively, excerpts involving the three wives of the major character, Lejoka Brown were basically sampled from the text. Through the instrumentality of politeness and impoliteness theories the study has unpacked the negotiation of responsibilities among wives in discharging their wifehood, where language is discursively used politely and impolitely based on the display of native competence and incompetence of the personalities involved. The study unveils hatred, unverified assumption, ignorance, anger and misconception as emergent factors that usually birth rivalry in wifehood negotiation of position that characterized impoliteness and family dysfunction in the rich verbal sociocultural setting. The study underscores the peaceful coexistence of wifehood within family discourse as a contribution to solving unhealthy marital issues characterized by linguistic politeness and impoliteness that pervade the contemporary society.

SARCASM AS A BREACH OF LINGUISTIC POLITENESS: SOME THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS

The current paper is devoted to the analysis of sarcasm as a breach of principles of politeness. The aim of the paper is to elicit the peculiarities of sarcasm as an exception to the Politeness Principle suggested by G. Leech (2014) and its conversational function incorporated into the Irony Principle as mock politeness. The Politeness Principle demonstrates that sarcasm is apparently its exploitation as in the case of sarcastic utterances the illocutionary goal opposes the social goal thus providing breach in the model of politeness. The Irony Principle illustrates an explanation of polite utterances appearing as impolite arguing that polite interpretations of such utterances are unsustainable. To support the theory certain examples are analyzed retrieved from an American Depression-era author John Dos Passos’s novel “1919”. As a matter of fact, the debate is around the question whether sarcasm is an apparent exploitation of polite implicature of utterances or it is a category of impoliteness appearing as mock politeness.

Implementation of Linguistic politeness throughout Online Lectures via WhatsApp during the Covid-19 Pandemic

This research aims to investigate the implementation of politeness in the language of lecturers and students as well as students and students through online lectures at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka on the WhatsApp application. The research methodology used is descriptive qualitative with a focus on research, namely the fulfillment and violations of the principles of politeness in the language contained in online lecture conversations on WhatsApp. The data collection technique uses documentation or screenshots, and the data analysis technique uses content analysis methods with inductive procedures. The results indicate that the communication of lecturers to students and students to students based on the WhatsApp social network still pays attention to the principles of linguistic politeness in communication discourse. Based on the WhatsApp social network, students and lecturers can meet the principles of linguistic politeness, including maxim of wisdom, generosity, appreciation, simplicity, compatibility, and sympathy. However, there were also still some violations of the principle of politeness.

Grammaticalization of modality in natural languages: The case of the noun tsumori in Japanese

The Japanese noun tsumori is used as the so-called formal noun and the head of syntactic nominalization. Its main meaning of ‘aim, intention’ is expressed through the basic sentence pattern of (suru) tsumori da. The modal meanings of this noun reveal close connections with the pragmatics of linguistic politeness and manifestation of attitudes in interpersonal communication. The article deals with the main sentential patterns and functions from the comparative perspective.

Impoliteness Communication on Social Media Used by Universitas Iqra Buru Students

One of the positive impacts of social media is to make it easier for humans to communicate. Not all users of this media understand and are aware of the importance of linguistic politeness in communicating through social media. Many negative impacts arise from the incorrect use of language and even being deterred by the Law of Information and Technology. Thus, this study explored the impoliteness of speech on social media Facebook (FB) by Iqra Buru university students. The method applied in this study was a descriptive qualitative method using a pragmatic approach. The description of the research data is in the form of language expressions on Facebook accounts. The data source of this research, namely Facebook users in 2019, totaling 15 FB accounts. Researchers took 15 Facebook accounts to represent the entire Facebook account by looking at the Facebook ad wall status. The results showed that language impoliteness on social media Facebook of Iqra Buru University students had six maxims, namely 1) wisdom, 2) acceptance, 3) generosity, 4) humility, 5) agreement, 6) sympathy. The results of this study provide theoretical and practical contributions in the research of communication through social media.

Doświadczenie politycznej poprawności a grzeczność językowa

The aim of the article is to define the status of political correctness in the Polish language and its re-lationship with linguistic politeness. An important element is to describe the various approaches and attempts to define political correctness and to reflect on the ideologization of the studied phenomenon. The first step is to develop a theoretical basis, discussing the issue of linguistic politeness and political correctness. In the next part, both phenomena are confronted and their relationships are discussed via the example of the lexeme Murzyn (Black). The analysis of the problem showed the ideological entangle-ment of political correctness and a negative evaluation of this phenomenon, despite the assumptions convergent with linguistic politeness, which does not raise objections from language users.

Linguistic politeness in Polish social media – an overview of the problem

The main objective of this article is to formulate the principles of linguistic politeness that are operative in Polish social media (SM). The analysis focuses on the most popular SM in Poland – Facebook. The research has shown that the form of linguistic politeness operative in SM depends on: technical functionality; talking about oneself and using indirect speech acts is a commonly accepted behaviour in SM; verbal and non-verbal messages are considered equivalent acts of linguistic politeness; the most important cultural principles underlying linguistic politeness in SM are an orientation towards sincerity of conversation and a ridiculing attitude towards reality. Although the manifestations of the traditional and the social media model of linguistic politeness differ, both use the same communication script: conforming to the expectations of the recipient.