Hillary Rodham Clinton, the Race Question, and the “Masculine Mystique”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kish Sklar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Hillary Rodham Clinton ◽  
Public Speakers ◽  
Commander In Chief

This chapter explores the intricate connections between the politics of gender, race, and class in Clinton's presidential bid. Leading nineteenth-century feminists such as Angelina Grimké, the daughter of South Carolina slaveholders who became one of the most popular public speakers in the antebellum North, championed both antiracism and antisexism, refusing to privilege the freedom of one group at the expense of another. This chapter argues that in 2008, Clinton made a different choice. In her determination to pass the “masculinity test” for commander in chief, Clinton molded herself into the candidate for “hard-working Americans, white Americans,” failing the “race test” and setting back the cause of unity and justice for all Americans.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Owen Stanwood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Political Status

The epilogue uses the story of Jean-Henry de Bérenger, a Prussian officer, to show how the coming of Revolution ended the global Refuge. Bérenger attempted to collect his inheritance from an uncle in South Carolina, using the Atlantic patronage networks the Huguenots knew so well. But the American Revolution broke these networks, and Bérenger never got his money. Both the American and French Revolutions threatened the Huguenots’ political status and forced them to remake themselves in a number of national molds. The epilogue ends by glancing into the nineteenth century and reflecting on how the Huguenots’ times of tribulation after the Revocation represented a paradoxical Golden Age

scholarly journals Testing the Truth of Phrenology: Knowledge Experiments in Antebellum American Cultures of Science and Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-374
Author(s):  
Carla Bittel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Experimental Environment ◽  
Marriage Partner ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Mind

In the first half of the nineteenth century, many Americans visited phrenological practitioners. Some clients were true believers, who consulted phrenology to choose an occupation, select a marriage partner and raise children. But, as this article demonstrates, many others consumed phrenology as an ‘experiment’, testing its validity as they engaged its practice. Consumers of ‘practical phrenology’ subjected themselves to examinations often to test the phrenologist and his practice against their own knowledge of themselves. They also tested whether phrenology was true, according to their own beliefs about race and gender. While historians have examined phrenology as a theory of the mind, we know less about its ‘users’ and how gender, race and class structured their engagement. Based on extensive archival research with letters and diaries, memoirs and marginalia, as well as phrenological readings, this study reveals how a continuum of belief existed around phrenology, from total advocacy to absolute denunciation, with lots of room for acceptance and rejection in between. Phrenologists’ notebooks and tools of salesmanship also show how an experimental environment emerged where phrenologists themselves embraced a culture of testing. In an era of what Katherine Pandora has described as ‘epistemological contests’, audiences confronted new museums, performances and theatres of natural knowledge and judged their validity. This was also true for phrenology, which benefited from a culture of contested authority. As this article reveals, curiosity, experimentation and even scepticism among users actually helped keep phrenology alive for decades.

scholarly journals Dangerous Encounters, Ambiguous Frontiers

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-256
Author(s):  
Pilar Egüez Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Class I ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
The Caribbean

Dance balls, masquerades, and street carnivals functioned as frontier spaces of otherwise reprehensible encounters between people of different gender, race, and class. I examine dance as a dense point of contact in nineteenth-century Cuba by showing how dance served ruling elites as a disciplining instrument to enforce social and legal boundaries, and was simultaneously used by colonial subjects as a tactic of survival to navigate these barriers. Because dancing lent itself to situations of intimacy and mis-recognition, it challenged Cuban ruling elites’ efforts to police dancing bodies. Dance is offered as a useful methodological venue to illuminate the predicament of the colonial state in governing colonial subjects and bodies. I offer the case of colonial Cuba as a contribution to the study of contact zones and colonial intimacies in Latin America and the Caribbean, in a much-needed examination of the relationships between imperialism, sexuality, and the governance of dance.

Atlantic Bonds: A Nineteenth-Century Odyssey from America to Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
White Racism ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
American Immigrant ◽  
Politically Active

Through the contextualized biography of a previously unknown African American immigrant to Africa, this book illuminates slavery and freedom in multiple parts of the nineteenth century Atlantic world. A decade before the American Civil War, James Churchwill Vaughan (1828-93) set out to fulfill his formerly enslaved father’s dying wish: that he should leave his home in South Carolina for a new life in Africa. Over the next forty years, Vaughan was taken captive, fought in African wars, built and rebuilt a livelihood, and led a revolt against white racism, finally becoming a successful merchant and founder of a wealthy, educated, and politically active family in Lagos, Nigeria. Tracing Vaughan’s journey from South Carolina to Liberia to several parts of Yorubaland (present-day southwestern Nigeria), the book documents this “free” man’s struggle to find economic and political autonomy in an era when freedom was not clear and unhindered anywhere for people of African descent. By following Vaughan’s transatlantic journeys and comparing his experiences to those of his parents, contemporaries, and descendants in Nigeria and South Carolina, the book reveals the expansive reach of slavery, the ambiguities of freedom, and the surprising ways that Africa, rather than America, offered new opportunities for people of the African diaspora.

North versus South: Regional Patterns of Grammatical Variation in Nineteenth-Century American English

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Stephen Levey ◽  
Gabriel DeRooy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Civil War ◽  
American English ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Grammatical Variation ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Civil War Soldiers

We reconstruct the inherent variability found in mid-nineteenth-century American English by drawing on a corpus of semi-literate correspondence, the Corpus of American Civil War Letters (CACWL), rich in non-standard grammatical features. The primary focus is on a comparison of morpho-syntactic variability (was/were variation and restrictive relativization strategies) in letters written between 1861 and 1865 by Civil War soldiers originating from Massachusetts and Alabama. Key findings include the elevated rate of was-levelling, particularly in the Alabama letters; the variable effect of the type-of-subject constraint on the selection of non-standard was; and the scarcity of WH-relativizers in restrictive relative clauses. Contextualization of these findings in relation to an ongoing quantitative investigation of grammatical variation in four additional states (Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina and South Carolina) represented in the CACWL provides further evidence of structured heterogeneity in Civil War correspondence as well as the sensitivity of variable grammatical processes to regional differences. Taken together, our findings demonstrate how judicious use of the CACWL can leverage new insights into nineteenth-century American English.

Industrialization and Fertility in the Nineteenth Century: Evidence from South Carolina

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANNE H. WANAMAKER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
The United States ◽  
Textile Mills ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Migrant Households

Economists frequently hypothesize that industrialization contributed to the United States’ nineteenth-century fertility decline. I exploit the circumstances surrounding industrialization in South Carolina between 1881 and 1900 to show that the establishment of textile mills coincided with a 6–10 percent fertility reduction. Migrating households are responsible for most of the observed decline. Higher rates of textile employment and child mortality for migrants can explain part of the result, and I conjecture that an increase in child-raising costs induced by the separation of migrant households from their extended families may explain the remaining gap in migrant-native fertility.

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