Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
International Committee ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Film Culture ◽  
International Council ◽  
French Film ◽  
Cultural Organizations

This introductory chapter discusses how Germaine Dulac played a groundbreaking role in the evolution of the cinema both as art and social practice. Over the course of her film career (1915–42), Dulac directed more than thirty fiction films, many marking new cinematic tendencies, from Impressionist to abstract. A careful study of Dulac's life and work establishes the importance of her voice in the diffusion and legitimization of French film and film culture, as evidenced through her prolific writings and lectures. She also played a prominent role in several cultural organizations such as the Society of Film Authors (SAF), the French Federation of Cine-Clubs (FFCC), the International Council of Women (ICW), the International Educational Cinematographic Institute(IECI), and the League of Nations' International Committee for Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC), among others.

scholarly journals Les Midinettes Révolutionnaires

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Fee
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Film Culture ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
French Film ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fan Letters

In their quest for official and cultural recognition, French First Wave critics such as Louis Delluc discursively positioned the working-class female cinemagoer as emblematic of the sorry state of unsophisticated French film audiences. From this discourse came the stereotype of the starry-eyed midinette, which is still used by French film critics to describe lowbrow film taste and an overly emotional mode of spectatorship. This essay attempts to reconstruct the social practice of cinemagoing among the midinettes of 1920s working-class Paris by focusing on the female fans of the serial Les deux gamines (1921). Both a critique of intellectual cinephilia as a cultural discourse and a geographically specific retrieval of the multiple ways in which socioeconomically and culturally marginalized audiences interacted with the cinema, this historical study repositions young women from working-class neighborhoods as key actors in film culture—fans, but also social activists. Through a study of disparate, unpublished archival material, including fan letters, film programs, and announcements in the leftist press, this essay attends to the social realities of a number of female film fans in Montmartre and grounds their spectatorship spatially within their local communities.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ian Hurd
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
World Politics ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The One ◽  
International Rule

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the politics of the international rule of law. The big debates in world politics today are inseparable from international law. Controversy over what is and is not legal is standard fare in international conflicts, and commitment to rule of law is presumed a marker of good governance. Yet the politics of the international rule of law are not so simple and are rarely investigated directly. This book shows that international law is properly seen not as a set of rules external to and constraining of state power but rather as a social practice in which states and others engage. They put the political power of international law to work in the pursuit of their goals and interests. Indeed, governments use international law to explain and justify their choices. This is both constraining and permissive. On the one hand, states must fit their preferences into legal forms. On the other hand, they are empowered when they can show their choices to be lawful. Thus, international law makes it easier for states to do some things (those that can be presented as lawful) and harder to do others (those that appear to be unlawful). The book then looks at how the concept of international law is used in world politics and to what ends.

On the Fraught Internationalism of Intellectuals

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-190
Author(s):  
Johannes Feichtinger
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Committee ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
International Governance ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relational History

This chapter investigates the idea and practice of intellectual cooperation as a tool of international governance: an innovation of the League’s International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC). It shows how Austria’s involvement decisively shaped both the ICIC’s agenda and the future European intellectual order. From the mid-1920s onwards, cooperation included the newly emerging area of cultural heritage and its institutions, such as libraries, archives, and museums, all of which had a rich imperial tradition in Vienna. The chapter also elaborates how interwar intellectual cooperation subsequently informed the strategy that UNESCO, ICIC’s successor organization, would adopt after 1945. This chapter provides a relational history of the development of international intellectual cooperation between Austria and the League of Nations, and aims to illuminate the opportunities, expectations, and realities of international intellectual cooperation from a regional, actor- and institution-oriented perspective. It reconstructs the ‘international’ of intellectual cooperation in the making.

Ideas in action: ICSW at the forefront of conceptual thinking, social practice and transnational advocacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 1025-1037
Author(s):  
Sergei Zelenev
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
International Council ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Transnational Activities ◽  
Looking Back

Looking back over its past 90 years of history, the International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW) is keen to recognize the changing objectives and associated strategies in policies set up and consistently pursued. Improving the human condition and well-being on the basis of holistic policies and comprehensive social agenda stays paramount in all its transnational activities.

Second Round Table of Experts on Battlefield Laser Weapons (Geneva, 9–11 April 1991): Address by the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (283) ◽  
pp. 390-393
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Round Table ◽  
International Committee ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Real Analysis ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
New Type ◽  
Direct Outcome

I should like to welcome you all to this important meeting which will consider the implications of the possible use in the future of a new type of weapon, and of a new method of warfare.The International Committee of the Red Cross has the tasks, inter alia, of working for the faithful application of humanitarian law and preparing for its development. Its aim is, and has always been, to attempt to reduce the suffering caused by war as far as possible in relation both to the methods of warfare and to the protection and assistance to be given to victims. Its concern as to the effects of weapons is an old one. I am referring in particular here to the efforts which the ICRC undertook formally to outlaw the use of chemical weapons. We published in February 1918 an appeal that strongly protested against the use of poison gas, referring in particular to the terrible suffering it inflicted on soldiers. The ICRC appealed to the sentiment of humanity of the governments of the time and subsequently sent letters to the League of Nations and to governments urging them to conclude an agreement prohibiting the use of chemical weapons. This eventually led to the signature of the 1925 Protocol. Since that time the ICRC hosted two expert meetings in the 1970s which studied a number of modern weapons. The direct outcome of those meetings was the Convention adopted in 1980 by the United Nations, commonly referred to as the Inhumane Weapons Convention. However, discussions begun during those expert meetings were not completed; in particular it was agreed that further research was necessary on the effects of certain new weapons, and that information on other weapons, including laser weapons, was so scanty and undeveloped at that time as to preclude any real analysis. The present range of the 1980 treaty is thus very limited and does not fully meet the concerns of experts as to the suffering that some weapons may unnecessarily cause.

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