Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Using the Geo-accumulation Index (I-Geo), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) in Paddy Field Soils Adjacent to Ultrabasic Soils

Abstract The present study is an attempt to assess the pollution intensity and corresponding ecological risk of phosphorus and metals including Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe using various indices like geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, pollution and ecological risk index. In all, 20 surface soil samples were collected from the Ait Ammar iron mine of Oued Zem city, province of Khouribga, in central Morocco. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples were used to assess their potential ecological risks. According to the results of potential ecological risk index (RI), pollution index (PI), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), potential contamination index (Cp), contaminant factor (Cf) and degree of contamination (Cd), based on the averages, considerable pollution of metals in soils of study area was observed. The consequence of the correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr and P mainly originated from natural sources and Cd and Pb are mostly derived from anthropogenic sources. The results showed that these metals in soil were ranked by severity of ecological risk as Pb > Cd > Cu > Cr > Zn, based on their single-element indexes. In view of the potential ecological risk (RI), soils from all soil samples showed a potential ecological risk. These results will provide basic information for the improvement of soil environment management and heavy metal pollution prevention in Ait Ammar.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Water, Sediments and Algae in River Benue at Jimeta-Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/napas.44 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 186-195

Author(s):

A A Tyovenda ◽

S I Ikpughul ◽

T Sombo

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Enrichment Factor ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation

Heavy metal pollution of water, sediments and Algae in the upper region of River Benue at Jimeta-Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria was assessed. The concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe) in the samples were analyzed using Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer. Pollution parameters such as enrichment factor, contamination factor, pollution load index and geo-accumulation index were evaluated. The result of heavy metal analysis showed that, the concentration (ppm) of the metals in water samples ranged as follows: Pb(0.25-0.50), Hg(0.00-2.00), Ni(0.10-0.31), Cu(0.03-0.13), Cr(0.00-1.33), Zn(0.01-0.04), Mn(0.03-0.06) and Fe(105.15-118.75) respectively. This result when compared with the EPA maximum permissible limits for drinking water showed that, all the metals except Cu and Zn had values above the permissible limits. The evaluation of enrichment factor revealed that, Hg showed extremely high enrichment while Pb showed significant enrichment for Algae, water and sediment samples. The contamination factor showed low contamination for all metals except Hg which showed considerable contamination for sediments, water and Algae samples. The pollution load index for sediments, water and Algae indicated no pollution. The geo-accumulation index of the metals in sediments, water and Algae indicates no or minimal pollution. The samples were enriched with Hg and Pb. These metals are capable of causing various types of cancer, brain and kidney damage among other ailments.

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Ecological Risk Assessment of Cadmium in Karst Lake Sediments Based on Daphnia pulex Ecotoxicology

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11060650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 650

Author(s):

Faustino Dinis ◽

Hongyan Liu ◽

Qingdong Liu ◽

Xuewen Wang ◽

Meng Xu

Keyword(s):

Ecological Risk ◽

Water Body ◽

Risk Index ◽

Daphnia Pulex ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk Index ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation

The background value of cadmium (Cd) in soil and water sediments in the karst area is 0.31 mg kg−1, with a typical high background of cadmium geochemistry. It is well-known that Cd is classified as a highly toxic metal. Therefore, at the Yelang reservoir in Guizhou province, eco-toxicological tests were carried out using Daphnia pulex. The Geo-Accumulation Index and Potential Ecological Risk Index were used to assess the environmental risk of Cd in sediments. The Cd contents in the sediments of Yelang reservoir ranged from 2.51 to 5.23 mg kg−1, while the LC50 values of the acute toxicity test of Daphnia pulex and Cd at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 1.17, 0.50, 0.24, and 0.12 mg L−1, respectively, giving a Safe Concentration threshold of Cd of 1.20 × 10−3 mg L−1 in the water body. Based on curve fitting the solid–liquid two-phase distribution model of cadmium in Yelang reservoir was Y = 7.59 × 10−9 × X2.58 (R2 = 0.9995). The safety threshold sediment Cd concentration was 103 mg kg−1, and was much higher than the Cd content in the sediment of the Yelang reservoir. The Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo 2.432–3.491) results show that the sediments had reached medium-strong or strong risk levels. The Potential Ecological Risk Index (Eri 242.8–505.9) reached a very high or extremely high-risk level. However, due to high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the pH being in the neutral–alkaline range of water body in karst areas, the Daphnia ecotoxicology evaluation method showed slight ecological risk, quite different from other assessment results, thus this method could be considered to use in such areas.

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Distribution and Potential Risk of Copper in Surface Sediments of Anping Harbor, Taiwan

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.376.463 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 376 ◽

pp. 463-467

Author(s):

Cheng Di Dong ◽

Chih Feng Chen ◽

Chiu Wen Chen

Keyword(s):

Potential Risk ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Risk Index ◽

River Mouth ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

River Bank ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index

This study was conducted using the data collected at the Anping Harbor, Taiwan to investigate and analyze Copper (Cu) contained in the sediments, and to evaluate the accumulation of Cr and the degree of its potential risk. The results show that samples collected at ten monitoring points contain 23380 mg/kg of Cu with an average of 114±101 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cu reveals that the Cu concentration is relatively high in the Bamboo River mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the Bamboo River mouth sediments can be characterized as severe enrichment and moderate to strong accumulation of Cu, respectively. However, results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has low ecological potential risk. The results can provide valuable information to developing future strategies for the management of river mouth and harbor.

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Spatial Variability of Heavy Metals in Surface Water and Sediment in the Kolo Creek Water Body in the Niger Delta of Nigeria and Geochemical Factors that Influence their Interactions Using Geo-accumulation Index

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i330290 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Abinotami Williams Ebuete ◽

Andy Etta Bisong ◽

Okereke Chukuma ◽

Lucky E. Ndiwari ◽

Ibim Yarwamara Ebuete

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Body ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geochemical Factors ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation

The Kolo Creek is an inland water body in the Niger Delta receiving organic and chemical wastes arising from anthropogenic activities within the catchment area. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the spatial variabilities of heavy metals in surface and sediment and their geochemical factors that influence their presence along the Kolo Creek in 2018 using Geo-accumulation index and pollution load index to extrapolate the level of heavy metal contraction in the two medium. Sediment and Water samples were collected for five (5) months and assessed from eight sampling points (A-h) for seven (7) heavy metals such as Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Iron(Fe), Camium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg). All the heavy metals had geo-accumulation indices below zero which indicates no pollution except Fe which had geo-accumulation index in the range 3.327 in surface water and 7.751 in sediment, furthermore, the pollution load index revealed a toxicity of 0.664 times in surface water as against 1.501 times in sediment exceeding the background concentration in the Kolo Creek. Hence, poor ecological ethics and culture should be discouraged to keep the Kolo Creek water under check for safe domestic water use.

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Monitoring and assessing heavy metals in topsoils as potential diffuse pollutants in the Pyeongchang River Basin, Korea

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.233 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 3156-3161 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. I. Kabir ◽

H. Lee ◽

G. Kim ◽

T. Jun

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Risk Index ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Ecological Risk Index

Topsoils, mainly from crop fields, orchards, forests, and barns around the Pyeongchang River, were collected to investigate their heavy metal concentrations. Pollution load index, ecological risk index, and enrichment factor were applied to assess levels of heavy metal contamination for topsoils. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (1.7 mg/kg) and chromium (Cr) (4.1 mg/kg) exceeded the troublesome level in one site, whereas zinc (Zn) (396.7 to 711.1 mg/kg) and nickel (Ni) (40.1 to 95.3 mg/kg) in several topsoils exceeded the troublesome to countermeasure levels, according to soil contamination standards for the study areas. A significant risk of contamination was observed for mercury (Hg) by all indices, although the concentration in most of the topsoils was below the guideline. As expected, a positive linear correlation was observed for the values of pollution load index and ecological risk index, demonstrating lower heavy metal contamination in upstream areas compared to those downstream. High to extremely high ecological risk was observed in several samples for Zn and Ni, while all of the soils were unpolluted to slightly polluted, according to the pollution load index. A baseline study was not performed earlier for these sites, so these assessed values of heavy metals should be used as reference values for further assessment.

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Assessment of pollution and sources of heavy metals in the sediments of the Shitalakhya river, Bangladesh

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v8i1.30789 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kalimur Rahman ◽

Saurav Barua ◽

Fahim Ahammad ◽

Md. Akramul Alam

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Risk Index ◽

River Sediments ◽

Water Source ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation

The Shitalakya River, located near Dhaka City of Bangladesh, supplies water to the city dwellers and hence it is essential to determine pollu-tion condition, ecological risk and sources of heavy metals in the river sediments. Sediment works as the sink and source of heavy metals in the riverine ecosystem. The samples collected from the ten sites of the Shitalakhya River were investigated in the study. Average concentra-tion of different heavy metals in the sediments are Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cr>Cd. Geo-accumulation index reveals moderately pollute Cu concen-tration, unpolluted to moderately pollute Ni concentration and unpolluted for the rest of the heavy metals. The order of geo-accumulation index are Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>Zn>Cr. Overall, the heavy metals render low potential ecological risk and the order of potential ecological risk index are Cd>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn. Though the concentration of Cd is low in sediment, it poses higher ecological risk. Positive matrix factor-ization (PMF) identifies two sources of pollution, S1 and S2. Where, S1 consists with Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn; which come from industrial wastewater. S2 consists with Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn; which originate from natural sources. The outcomes of the study provide as a reference to plan, control and manage heavy metal pollution and protect the water source of the Shitalakhya River.

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Pollution, Ecological Risk and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Huafei River in the Eastern Suburbso Kaifeng, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-368427/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bingyan Jin ◽

Jinling Wang ◽

Wei Lou ◽

Liren Wang ◽

Jinlong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Industrial Activities ◽

Geo Accumulation

Abstract Rivers in urban environments are significant components of their ecosystems but remain under threat of pollution from unchecked discharges of industrial sewage and domestic wastewater. Such river pollution, particularly over the longer term involving heavy metals, is an issue of worldwide concern regarding risks to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we investigate the long-term pollution characteristics of the Huafei River, an important urban river in Kaifeng, China. River sedimentary samples were analyzed, assessing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods; whilst Pearson’s correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses were used to identify the sources of pollution. The results show that heavy metal concentrations are significantly higher than their corresponding fluvo-aquic soil background values in China, and the geo-accumulation indexes indicate, that of the 8 heavy metals identified, Hg is most prevalent, followed in sequence by Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cr. The potential ecological risk index of the Huafei river is very high, with the potential ecological risk intensity highest in the midstream and downstream sections where it is recommended that pollution control is carried out, especially concerning Hg and Cd. Long-term sequence analysis indicates that Cu and Pb dropped sharply from 1998 to 2017, but rebounded in 2019, and that Zn shows a continuous decreasing trend. Four main sources for the heavy metal contaminants were identified: Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg derived mainly from industrial activities, traffic sources and natural sources; Cd originated mainly from industrial and agricultural activities; whilst As was mainly associated with industrial activities. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will provide theoretical references for the effective control and scientific management of heavy metal pollution in the Huafei River and its surrounding areas.

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Evaluation of Cadmium Contamination in the Surface Sediments of Anping Harbor, Taiwan

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.134 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 807-809 ◽

pp. 134-138

Author(s):

Cheng Di Dong ◽

Chih Feng Chen ◽

Chiu Wen Chen

Keyword(s):

Potential Risk ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Risk Index ◽

River Mouth ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

River Bank ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index

This study was conducted using the data collected at the Anping Harbor, Taiwan to investigate and analyze cadmium (Cd) contained in the sediments, and to evaluate the accumulation of Cr and the degree of its potential risk. The results show that samples collected at ten monitoring points contain 0.040.60 mg/kg of Cd with an average of 0.26±0.18 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cd reveals that the Cd concentration is relatively high in river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the Bamboo River mouth sediments can be characterized as moderately severe enrichment and moderate accumulation of Cd, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the surface sediment has higher ecological potential risk in Bamboo River mouth. The results can provide valuable information to developing future strategies for the management of river mouth and harbor.

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Penilaian pencemaran logam berat dalam sedimen di Teluk Jakarta

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.9.3.16800 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 403-410

Author(s):

Edward Edward

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Index Analysis ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation ◽

Total Average

Contamination and pollution of heavy metals in the bottom sediment can pose serious issues to marine organisms and human health. Jakarta Bay which is located adjacent to the capital city of Indonesia is notorious for its pollution problems. The purpose of this research was to assest the contamination levels of heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cd in sea-bottom sediments based on an index analysis approach (contamination factors, geo accumulation index, pollution load index). Sediment samples were collected from 31 stations in Jakarta Bay. Heavy metal concentration was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that an average mercury (Hg) concentration ranged from 0.150 to 0.530 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.362 µg.g-1, Lead (Pb) from 14.870 to 35.650 µg.g-1 with an total average of 21.774 µg.g-1, Cadmium (Cd) 0.110-0.280 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.190 µg.g-1.The average concentration of Hg, Pb, and Cd is still lower than the sediment quality threshold values set by the Office of the State Minister of Environment of Indonesia 2010. The results of the index analysis showed that the average value of contamination factor (CF) are Hg 0.685, Pb 0.558, and Cd 0.380 respectively (low contamination) and geo accumulation index values are Hg 0.237, Pb -1.655, and Cd 0.069 respectively (unpolluted to moderate polluted). Overall, based on the pollution load index value is -0,511 (PLI 1), sediments in these waters are categorized as not yet polluted by Hg, Pb and Cd. This situation is so necessary to be maintained, that in order for the preservation of marine resources will remain.Keywords: Jakarta Bay, sediment, pollution, heavy metals, assessmentABSTRAKKontaminasi dan pencemaran logam berat pada sedimen dasar dapat menimbulkan masalah yang serius bagi biota laut dan kesehatan manusia. Teluk Jakarta yang terletak berdekatan dengan ibu kota Indonesia terkenal karena masalah pencemarannya yang parah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai tingkat kontaminasi logam berat Hg, Pb dan Cd dalam sedimen dasar laut berdasarkan pendekatan analisis indeks. Contoh sedimen diambil dari 31 stasiun penelitian di Teluk Jakarta. Kadar logam berat diukur dengan alat Spektrofometer Penyerapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar Hg rerata berkisar 0,150-0,530 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,362 µg. g-1, Timbal (Pb) 14,870-35,650 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 21,774 µg. g-1, Kadmium (Cd) 0,110-0,280 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,190 µg.g-1. Kadar rerata Hg, Pb dan Cd masih lebih rendah dari nilai ambang batas kualitas sedimen yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2010. Hasil analisis indeks menunjukkan nilai rerata faktor kontaminasi (CF) berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,685, Pb 0,352 dan Cd 0,380 (kontaminasi rendah) dan nilai indeks geo akumulasi berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,227, Pb 1,098 dan Cd 0,633 (tidak tercemar sampai tercemar sedang). Secara keseluruhan, berdasarkan nilai indeks beban pencemaran yakni -3.772 (PLI 1), sedimen di perairan ini termasuk kategori belum tercemar oleh Hg, Pb dan Cd. Keadaan ini perlu dipertahankan, agar kelestarian sumberdaya laut tetap terjaga.Kata kunci: Teluk Jakarta, sedimen, pencemaran, logam berat, penilaian

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