Schibboleth

Shibboleth ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 50-68
Author(s):  
Marc Redfield
Keyword(s):  
Test Word ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
To Come ◽  
Multiple Languages

The word shibboleth appears in two poems of Celan’s: “Schibboleth” and “In eins.” Both poems seem to bring this word close to the semantic field of slogan, refusing it the meaning of test-word as phoneme, though a close reading of “In eins” reveals that the poem multiplies possible referents for this word within the poem, through and as multiple citations in multiple languages. The poem addresses itself to and declares itself for an international socialism, yet also holds itself open to a shibboleth-to-come. Shibboleth would be this exposed word, the breath-turn or Atemwende evoked in Celan’s Meridian, an in-eins (in-one) irreducible to identity.

Zealous Wrath for the Holy Land

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-208
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
Scant Attention

The scant attention anger has received in a crusading context has focused almost exclusively on positive manifestations of that emotion, especially ira per zelum (anger through zeal). It is contended here that the importance of crusading in providing a setting for the legitimate outpouring of anger against non-Latins has been overstated. While zelus and the idea of crusading as vengeance continued to intersect and to be espoused after 1216, the terminus date of Susanna Throop’s 2011 study, zelus proves to be an ambiguous term, and one relatively poorly attested in twelfth- and thirteenth-century narratives of the crusades. Moreover, when the semantic field is broadened to encompass other anger terms, it becomes clear that anger was not an integral component of crusading ideology; and a close reading of accounts of righteous wrath, especially in relation to rulers, suggests that crusading did little to popularize or modify pre-existing attitudes towards anger in western Europe.

scholarly journals A first-ever dedicated comprehensive review of incidence of epilepsy in South America and Caribbean

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 065-069
Author(s):  
Devender Bhalla ◽  
Saloni Kapoor ◽  
Ani Kapoor ◽  
Elham Lotfalinezhad ◽  
Fatemah Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
South American ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
To Come ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn order to understand true incident burden of epilepsy in South America and Caribbean, several sources were searched in multiple languages using keywords and combinations. The results were presented as counts, proportions, means, and/or medians along with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). No information was found from Caribbean and no information was available from six South American countries. Based on 14 estimates, annual median incidence (N = 185319, 1984–2010, 7 in rural area) of epilepsy for South America was 115.2/100,000 (95% CI 61.0–133.4, range 0.0–410.0). Random-effect pooled annual epilepsy incidence was 84.8/100,000 (95% CI 65.2–104.5). The 25th and 75th percentile of annual epilepsy incidence were 62.2/100,000 and 130.9/100,000 respectively with an interquartile range (IQR) of 68.7. Between-study variance attributable to each explanatory factor was estimated to be: 38.8% from study year, 18.1% from urban-rural milieu, 15.4% from case size, and 0.6% from study size. Descriptively, on average, 445824 (between 236070 and 516258) new cases of epilepsy are possibly occurring every year in South America. In conclusion, Caribbean needs to come forward for its own epilepsy incidence data especially when risk from numerous factors such as substance abuse, mental health, etc. deems high. Epilepsy incidence in South America is likely to be slightly lower than previously reported although this varies considerably for each country. Inter-population differences are in-part (more than 50%) related to urban-rural differences and variations over time. Our work is especially important to monitor secular trends of epilepsy incidence especially when new data would emerge and countries continue to undergo transitions.

The Voyage Home

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-260
Author(s):  
Alasdair Pettinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
William Lloyd Garrison ◽  
To Come ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Distinctive Role

Through a close reading of Douglass’s farewell speech in London, the newspaper coverage of the racist discrimination he faced once again from the Cunard shipping company, and his subsequent account of the episode, this chapter shows how Douglass returned to the United States, equipped with the skills and confidence to embark on a new phase of his career, breaking away with his mentor William Lloyd Garrison with a strong sense of his own, distinctive, role in the antislavery struggle to come.

Language independent recommender agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Yucel ◽  
Sandip Sen
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
User Group ◽  
Regression Algorithms ◽  
To Come ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The Web

AbstractThis paper presents a new ‘Language Independent Recommender Agent’ (LIRA), using information distributed over any text-source pair on the Web about candidate items. While existing review-based recommendation systems learn the features of candidate items and users’ preferences, they do not handle varying perspectives of users on those features. LIRA constructs agents for each user, which run regression algorithms on texts from different sources and builds trust relations. The key advantages of LIRA can be listed as: LIRA does not require reviews from target users, LIRA calculates trust values based on prediction accuracy instead of social connections or rating similarity, LIRA does not require the reviews to come from the same community or peer user group. Since ratings of the reviewers are not necessary for LIRA, we can collect and use reviews from different sources (web pages, professional critiques), as long as we know the corresponding item and source of that text. Since LIRA does not combine text from different sources, texts from different sources are not required to be in the same language. LIRA can utilize text from multiple languages, as long as sources are consistent with their language usage.

scholarly journals The Past is With Us and Yet to Come: A Hauntological Analysis of Tsutomu Mizushima’s Anime Series, 'Another'

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Luke Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Intergenerational Effects ◽  
War Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come

Japanese director Tsutomu Mizushima’s 2012 animated television series, Another, presents a narrative whereby one social group’s refusal to accept an unexpected death triggers an intergenerational curse. This paper takes a close reading of Mizushima’s anime, showing how its narrative contends that the present—and by default the future—is not self-sufficient but instead relies upon understandings of the past. The analysis uses the lens of Jacques Derrida’s theory of hauntology, which opens up a space for discursive accounts of the presence of the past in the present and its influence on the future, and therefore serves as a powerful tool for interrogating questions of war memory. I demonstrate that Another exemplifies the use of anime as a critical medium, showing how it uses allegory to explore the motivations and consequences of Japan’s lack of a dominant historical narrative about the war and the resulting intergenerational effects of this historical consciousness problem. As Japan continues to debate remilitarisation and the fate of Article 9 in its constitution, it seems particularly apt to revisit Mizushima’s Another, which illustrates the dangers of ignoring the spectre of history.

Three Lessons from the History of a Book

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-764
Author(s):  
Eric Slauter
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Latino Identity ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Printed Materials

How Do Printed Objects Help Political Subjects Make and Remake Worlds? This is One of the Central Questions Animating Raúl Coronado's brilliant book A World Not to Come: A History of Latino Writing and Print Culture. I believe Coronado is one of the most gifted and imaginative literary scholars working today. What is more rare, his writing is both provocative and a pleasure to read. Casting himself as a genealogist, he deploys previously little-known printed materials to tell a dramatic story, and he tells it with a narrative confidence seldom seen in studies that rely, as his ultimately does, so heavily on the close reading of texts.In a series of discontinuous but deeply contextualized studies situated on the borderlands of Mexico and the United States, advancing from the 1810s to the 1850s and taking readers at times much further back (into, say, the diffusion of scholastic thought), Coronado traces a history of foreclosed revolutionary possibilities, of discursive dead ends and epistemological ruptures, and of the failure of communities to become anything but imagined. He probes understudied people, texts, and episodes for what they can tell us about the complex processes of the experience of modernization—and by modernization he means the major movements of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries for republicanism, capitalism, individualism, secularism, and nationalism. He uses this discontinuous narrative also to arrest what he takes to be a misguided quest among some in his field for a different kind of genealogy: an unbroken lineage of Latino identity and subjectivity that centers on resistance. Instead, he narrates the making of a people as the unintended consequence of individuals who had hoped and failed to make a nation.

scholarly journals (g) The Arabic Lexicographer Ibn Sīdah and the Notion of Semantic Field

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 415-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Grande
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Etymological investigation may resort to the semantic field in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the cultural aspects that underlie the origin and historical development of a given word. Modern scholars tend to regard the semantic field as a notion developed in Western linguistic thought around the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth century. However, Arabists tend to assume that this notion was already known in the Arabic lexicographical tradition. The present paper empirically grounds this idea in three conceptual steps. First, it clarifies the modern Western notion of semantic field by investigating the theoretical contexts in which such a notion evolved, morphing into different manifestations. Second, it focuses on the dictionaries al-Muḥkam and al-Mukhaṣṣaṣ authored by the Andalusian lexicographer Ibn Sīdah (d. 458/1066) and offers a close reading of some of the passages in which Ibn Sīdah reflects on the notion of bāb. Finally, it draws a narrow parallel between bāb and a mid-nineteenth-century manifestation of the Western notion of semantic field.Key words: bāb, Ibn Sīdah, lexicography, semantic field

‘The Common Life’: Women and Men after the General Strike

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-111
Author(s):  
Nick Hubble
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Major Operation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lady Chatterley's Lover ◽  
To Come ◽  
General Strike

This chapter draws on the argument of Charles Ferrall and Dougal McNeill that the message of the defeat of the 1926 General Strike was the need to fuse political and sexual desire into ‘a new politicised and gendered imagination for struggles to come’. An extended close reading of D.H. Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover and its earlier drafts focuses on Lawrence’s sustained attempt to reimagine gender and class relations. This is followed by the discussion of a number of proletarian novels, such as Ellen Wilkinson’s Clash, Walter Brierley’s Means-Test Man, Walter Greenwood’s Love on the Dole, Harold Heslop’s Last Cage Down and James Barke’s Major Operation, in terms of how they reconcile sexual, gender and class politics.

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