Sounding Structure, Structured Sound

Arvo Pärt ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Toomas Siitan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Singular System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Relation ◽  
Arvo Part ◽  
Serial Works

The chapter addresses compositional strategies in works by Arvo Pärt unifying his different creative periods. The impetus of early Flemish polyphony, which is present in the Symphony No. 3 (1971) and in the first tintinnabuli pieces (1976) is predicted in some of his earliest compositions: Pärt sought equality between the horizontal and vertical dimensions and the maximal structural reduction of composition since his serial works in 1963. The other focus of this chapter is on the specific relation of verbal text and music. The similar mathematical method for structuring music around the accents and number of syllables in words, such as is common in Pärt’s text-based tintinnabuli compositions, is difficult to find in any other examples of composed music, but the connection is prevalent in liturgical chanting. One parallel comes from Conrad Beissel (1691–1768)—the founder of a pietistic community in Pennsylvania and the author of a singular system of harmony for his hymns.

scholarly journals Mathematical and geometrical modeling of braided ropes bent over a sheave

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502093972
Author(s):  
Guifang He ◽  
Chunfu Sheng ◽  
Hongwei He ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Ding Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Helical Surface ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Final Equation

As soft elements for force transmission, braided fiber ropes play important roles in many fields where the fiber ropes are used bent over sheaves, while the relevant experiments are time-consuming and expensive. Computational simulation is a promising choice for evaluating the performance of fiber ropes when bent over a sheave. This article presents two methods that could be employed to build a model of braided rope bent over a sheave. One is the mathematical method which deduces the exact mathematical equations of braiding curves based on the Frenet–Serret frame. The spatial equations, considering the phase difference of strands in the same direction and the difference of strands’ projection in different directions, are discussed carefully. The final equation of braided strands is confirmed by modeling the braided rope in Maple® 17. The other method, which is inspired by the analysis of braiding movements, is based on the intersection of surfaces of braiding surface and helical surface which are introduced and defined based on the motion analysis of bobbins and take-up roller. The SolidWorks® 2018 is successfully employed to realize the modeling process.

Andrey Volkonsky and the Beginnings of Unofficial Music in the Soviet Union

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. SCHMELZ
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Compositional History ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Arvo Part

Abstract This article examines the compositional history and early reception of Soviet composer Andrey Volkonsky's two earliest and most important serial compositions, Musica Stricta and Suite of Mirrors (Syuita zerkal). These two works spurred on the formation of an unofficial music culture in the Soviet Union during the Thaw of the late 1950s and 1960s. Volkonsky (b. 1933) was the first and initially the most visible of a group of young Soviets known by officialdom as the “young composers” (“molodïïye kompozitorïï”). These “young composers”—among them Sofia Gubaidulina, Alfred Schnittke, Arvo Pärt, and Edison Denisov—came of age in the years following Stalin's death in 1953. Their compositions reflected their attempts to “catch up” with the Western avant-garde following decades of musical development that had been denied them under Stalin. The first “new” technique these composers adopted was serialism, and Volkonsky's early compositions illustrate the specifically Soviet approach to the method and demonstrate the meanings it held for Soviet officials and Soviet audiences. Volkonsky's early works also force a broadening of current interpretations of postwar European and American serialism. Much of the information in the article stems from personal interviews with Volkonsky and the other leading composers and performers of the Thaw, as well as archival research conducted in Russia.

scholarly journals Statistical theory of superlattices

1935 ◽  
Vol 150 (871) ◽  
pp. 552-575 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Lattice Points ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Regular Lattice ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
Average State

In a recent paper, Bragg and Williams have pointed out that the arrangement of the atoms in an alloy depends in a striking way on the temperature. At high temperatures, the atoms are distributed practically at random among the lattice points of the crystal, but at low temperatures a superlattice may be formed such that the atoms of one kind are arranged in a regular lattice of their own and the atoms of the other kind occupy the remaining “sites” in the crystal. The transition from the ordered to the disordered state occurs in a fairly small temperature range, and is accompanied by a large specific heat, an increase in electric resistance, etc. The mathematical method employed by Bragg and Williams is similar to that used in Weiss’s theory of ferromagnetism . Both involve the assumption that the “force” tending to produce order at a given point is uniquely determined by the average state of order throughout the crystal. Actually it will depend on the configuration of the atoms in the immediate neighbourhood of the point under consideration. The order of the crystal as a whole determines this configuration only on the average. In the present paper, the effect of fluctuations in configuration, which was neglected by Bragg and Williams, will be taken into account.

scholarly journals SALT EFFECTS ON SWARMERS OF DUNALIELLA VIRIDIS TEOD

1931 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. M. Baas-Becking
Keyword(s):  
Acid Medium ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dunaliella Viridis ◽  
Salt Effects ◽  
Specific Relation ◽  
Molar Solution ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

1. Dunaliella viridis Teodoresco thrives equally well in solutions of NaCl 1 to 4 mol and pH 6 to 9. 2. The organism is sensitive to calcium and magnesium, especially in acid medium. 3. Calcium and magnesium are antagonistic. In a molar solution of NaCl the antagonistic relation Mg:Ca is 4 to 5. In a 4 molar solution of NaCl the proportion becomes many times as great (20:1). 4. Although the strains used in this investigation did not occur in sea water concentrates, the increase in the antagonistic ratio Mg:Ca in which they can live closely paralleled the changes in this ratio which take place when sea water evaporates. 5. The other organisms which occurred in the cultures each show a specific relation to Ca and Mg. 6. The size of the cells of Dunaliella does not decrease with increasing NaCl content.

scholarly journals Detection of Highly Divergent Tandem Repeats in the Rice Genome

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Eugene V. Korotkov ◽  
Anastasiya M. Kamionskya ◽  
Maria A. Korotkova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multiple Alignments ◽  
Random Position ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes ◽  
Novel Algorithm ◽  
Dispersed Repeats

Currently, there is a lack of bioinformatics approaches to identify highly divergent tandem repeats (TRs) in eukaryotic genomes. Here, we developed a new mathematical method to search for TRs, which uses a novel algorithm for constructing multiple alignments based on the generation of random position weight matrices (RPWMs), and applied it to detect TRs of 2 to 50 nucleotides long in the rice genome. The RPWM method could find highly divergent TRs in the presence of insertions or deletions. Comparison of the RPWM algorithm with the other methods of TR identification showed that RPWM could detect TRs in which the average number of base substitutions per nucleotide (x) was between 1.5 and 3.2, whereas T-REKS and TRF methods could not detect divergent TRs with x > 1.5. Applied to the search of TRs in the rice genome, the RPWM method revealed that TRs occupied 5% of the genome and that most of them were 2 and 3 bases long. Using RPWM, we also revealed the correlation of TRs with dispersed repeats and transposons, suggesting that some transposons originated from TRs. Thus, the novel RPWM algorithm is an effective tool to search for highly divergent TRs in the genomes.

scholarly journals Forecast of the covid19 epidemic in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loic Pottier
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Linear Algebra ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Open Access Data ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Access Data

With a mathematical method based on linear algebra, from open access data (data.gouv.fr, google, apple) we produce forecasts for the number of patients in intensive care in France with an average error of 4% at 7 days, 7% at 14 days, 8% at 21 days, 10% at one month, 17% at 2 months, and 31% at 3 months. For the other epidemic indicators, the error is on average 6% at 7 days and 25% at 2 months.

scholarly journals Satztopik und Diskurstopik in Elaboration-Kontexten

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 173-207
Author(s):  
Michael Grabski
Keyword(s):  
Representation Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Discourse Representation ◽  
Discourse Representation Theory ◽  
Specific Relation ◽  
Explicit Discourse ◽  
Semantic Differentiation ◽  
Discourse Topic

The paper starts with a semantic differentiation between the notions of sentence topic and discourse topic. Sentence topic is conceived of as part of a semantic predication in the sense of Y. Kim's work. Discourse topic is defined, as in N. Asher's Segmented Discourse Representation Theory, as a discourse constituent that comprises the content of (part of) the larger discourse. The main body of the paper serves to investigate the intricate connection between the two types of topic. For restricting the context of investigation, a specific relation between discourse constituents, Elaboration, is chosen. If Elaboration holds between two discourse constituents, one of them can be identified as the explicit discourse topic with respect to the other one. Whereas an elaborating sentence - with or without a sentence topic - is used to infer a 'dimension' for extending the discourse topic, the role of the sentence topic if it occurs is to mark an 'index' for predication along that dimension. The interaction of elaborating sentences and their topics is modelled by means of channel theoretic devices.'  

scholarly journals Towards a new conception of metaphysics: Lambert’s criticism on Wolff’s mathematical method

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Wellmann
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The One

This paper discusses Lambert’s criticism of Wolff’s mathematical method. I take this criticism to consist of two main aspects. Lambert tries on the one hand to revise Wolff’s idea of fundamental concepts by providing what he takes to be a more profound theory of concepts. On the other hand, Lambert introduces postulates that regulate the connection between fundamental concepts and account for their application to experience. Both transformations allow Lambert to put forward a novel approach to metaphysics which is essentially oriented towards experience.

scholarly journals Anglo-Saxon and Latinate Synonyms: The Case of Speed vs. Velocity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Daniele Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Specific Relation ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Distinct Features

The aim of this paper is to provide an initial analysis of the semantic relations holding between Anglo-Saxon and Latinate synonyms in present-day English. It is an acknowledged fact that the lexicon of English consists of a basic indigenous vocabulary of Germanic origin with many foreign borrowings especially from French, Latin and Greek. This has produced an etymologically diverse word-stock characterized by distinct features. Near-synonymous words with a different etymology can be a source of confusion and dictionaries often fail to clearly distinguish between them. Pairs of Anglo-Saxon vs. Latinate words, such as speed/velocity, sweat/perspire, lunatic/insane, etc., are often said to be equivalent in meaning, with differences only in terms of style and register. The scenario, however, is more subtle, complex and interesting than this. A finer-grained analysis of speed and velocity, for instance, shows, on the one hand, that there is a high degree of interchangeability between the two words. On the other hand, though, the semantics of speed is more generic, neutral and broader in scope, while velocity expresses specific and restricted meanings. In addition to this generic-specific relation between the two words, velocity appears to undergo metaphoric extension.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

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