scholarly journals Morphological Awareness and Recall of Passive Vocabulary in Adult Learners

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Tom S. Bellomo
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Awareness ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Vocabulary Recall ◽  
And Gender

A modified and enhanced replication of an original experiment aimed to discover the extent of immediate and long-term vocabulary recall that exploited the mnemonic value of morphemes. Data for a sample size of 360 students were disaggregated based on age and gender using a pre/posttest instrument to determine immediate gains, and a long-term posttest (avg. 5.5 mos.) to determine the lasting effects of the intervention. Results revealed that older adults outperformed younger adults on all measures of the instrument and across all timeframes, with the oldest cohort significantly outperforming all other age groups, and women outperformed men, also on all measures across all timeframes, and significantly so on the vocabulary section of the instrument. Gain scores for all students across all measures and timeframes provide empirical support of the mnemonic value of morphemes when incorporated into a program offering direct vocabulary instruction for adult learners.

scholarly journals Morphological Awareness and Recall of Passive Vocabulary in Adult Learners

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Tom S. Bellomo
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Awareness ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Vocabulary Recall ◽  
And Gender

A modified and enhanced replication of an original experiment aimed to discover the extent of immediate and long-term vocabulary recall that exploited the mnemonic value of morphemes. Data for a sample size of 360 students were disaggregated based on age and gender using a pre/posttest instrument to determine immediate gains, and a long-term posttest (avg. 5.5 mos.) to determine the lasting effects of the intervention. Results revealed that older adults outperformed younger adults on all measures of the instrument and across all timeframes, with the oldest cohort significantly outperforming all other age groups, and women outperformed men, also on all measures across all timeframes, and significantly so on the vocabulary section of the instrument. Gain scores for all students across all measures and timeframes provide empirical support of the mnemonic value of morphemes when incorporated into a program offering direct vocabulary instruction for adult learners.

scholarly journals Cognitive aging and verbal labeling in continuous visual memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1196-1213
Author(s):  
Alicia Forsberg ◽  
Wendy Johnson ◽  
Robert H. Logie
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related

Abstract The decline of working memory (WM) is a common feature of general cognitive decline, and visual and verbal WM capacity appear to decline at different rates with age. Visual material may be remembered via verbal codes or visual traces, or both. Souza and Skóra, Cognition, 166, 277–297 (2017) found that labeling boosted memory in younger adults by activating categorical visual long-term memory (LTM) knowledge. Here, we replicated this and tested whether it held in healthy older adults. We compared performance in silence, under instructed overt labeling (participants were asked to say color names out loud), and articulatory suppression (repeating irrelevant syllables to prevent labeling) in the delayed estimation paradigm. Overt labeling improved memory performance in both age groups. However, comparing the effect of overt labeling and suppression on the number of coarse, categorical representations in the two age groups suggested that older adults used verbal labels subvocally more than younger adults, when performing the task in silence. Older adults also appeared to benefit from labels differently than younger adults. In younger adults labeling appeared to improve visual, continuous memory, suggesting that labels activated visual LTM representations. However, for older adults, labels did not appear to enhance visual, continuous representations, but instead boosted memory via additional verbal (categorical) memory traces. These results challenged the assumption that visual memory paradigms measure the same cognitive ability in younger and older adults, and highlighted the importance of controlling differences in age-related strategic preferences in visual memory tasks.

scholarly journals Semantic Relatedness Corrects the Age-Related Binding Deficit in Working Memory and Episodic Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1841-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa M Loaiza ◽  
Sabina Srokova
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Term Retention

Abstract Objectives It is well known that age differentially impacts aspects of long-term episodic memory (EM): Whereas a binding deficit indicates that older adults are less capable than younger adults to encode or retrieve associations between information (e.g., the pairing between two memoranda, such as lock – race), item memory is relatively intact (e.g., recognizing lock without its original pairing). Method We tested whether this deficit could be corrected by facilitating establishment of the bindings in working memory (WM) through adapting the semantic relatedness of studied pairs according to participants’ ongoing performance (Experiments 1 and 2). We also examined whether this was evident for the long-term retention of pairs that were not tested in WM (Experiment 2). Results The results revealed matched binding and item memory in WM and EM between age groups. Most importantly, older adults required increased semantic strength between word pairs to achieve similar performance to that of younger adults, regardless of whether pairs were immediately tested during the WM task. Discussion These findings indicate that relying on their superior semantic memory can correct the commonly exhibited profound deficit in binding memory in older age.

Re-evaluating the nasal cycle by long-term rhinoflowmetry: most individuals demonstrate a “mixed” nasal cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
J. Lindemann ◽  
C. Weindel ◽  
T.K. Hoffmann ◽  
F. Sommer ◽  
M.O. Scheithauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Background: The nasal cycle seems to be more complex than a strictly alternating swelling of the nasal mucosa. Long-term rhinoflowmetry (LRFM) allows continuous investigation of changes in nasal airflow over 24 hours (24h). We evaluated the various types of nasal cycle with LRFM over 24 hours and investigated the influence of age and gender. Methods: LRFM was continuously performed over 24h in 55 rhinologically healthy subjects (36 female, 19 male). The LRFM flow curves were examined for phases of the “classical”, “in-concert”, “one-sided” and “no-cycle” cycle types. Subjects were divided into 4 age subgroups (19-29; 30-49; 50-69; >70 years). Correlations of age and gender with the individual cycle forms were analyzed. Results: 85.5% of the subjects presented a “mixed” nasal cycle within 24h. The “classical” nasal cycle was seen most often (92.7% vs. “in-concert”; 56.4% vs. “one-sided”; 18.2% vs. “no-cycle”; 5.5%). Older age groups significantly more often presented the "no-cycle" type. A tendency was seen towards a mixed nasal cycle with increasing age. The mixed nasal cycle was significantly more often seen in the female subjects. Conclusions: LRFM is an easy-to-use measurement tool. The “mixed” nasal cycle predominates. However, all 4 different cycle types can be detected, alternating over 24h in each subject. Moreover, the cycle type varies with age.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Prevalence of Complications of Measles

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Hina Shoukat ◽  
Fahad Pervaiz ◽  
Sobia Noreen ◽  
Ayesha Khadim ◽  
Maira Latif
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
And Gender

Study and evaluation of the prevalence of measles and its complication in vaccinated and non- vaccinated patients. To evaluate the prevalence of complications of measles among different age groups of children in the pedriatric ward. Clinical description of a case series. Children of different age groups suffering from measles. We have observed 315 measles patients in the pediatric ward of Bahawal Victoria Hospital in Bahawalpur. They were evaluated on the basis of complications. Different complications were observed in children of different age group and gender, and the main complications were encephalitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, diarrhoea and ear infections. Children of age less than 1 year to 7 years were observed, and it was observed that conjunctivitis, pneumonia and diarrhoea were among the most common complications, while encephalitis and ear infections were rare. Patients admitted to the pedriatric ward having long term complications have a high risk of death when treated. These patients were due to malnutrition and improper vaccination coverage, and improper vaccine storage. Respiratory distress, i.e., pneumonia, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, ear infection and encephalitis, were the most common complications. To reduce the severity of these complications, mechanical ventilation, antibiotics treatment, electrolyte balance should be instituted early in patients with measles.

Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

Video Games and Emotion Regulation

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Media Preferences

Abstract. Research on age differences in media usage has shown that older adults are more likely than younger adults to select positive emotional content. Research on emotional aging has examined whether older adults also seek out positivity in the everyday situations they choose, resulting so far in mixed results. We investigated the emotional choices of different age groups using video games as a more interactive type of affect-laden stimuli. Participants made multiple selections from a group of positive and negative games. Results showed that older adults selected the more positive games, but also reported feeling worse after playing them. Results supplement the literature on positivity in situation selection as well as on older adults’ interactive media preferences.

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

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