scholarly journals Relationship of mean temperatures with screen temperatures

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
A. M. SHEKH ◽  
M.S. KULSHRESHTHA ◽  
H. R. PATEL ◽  
R. S. PARMAR
Keyword(s):  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Good Agreement

An attempt has been made to study the variation in daily mean temperatures obtained from maximum and minimum temperatures and that obtained from hourly temperatures recorded by the automatic weather station at the Agrometeorological Observatory, Anand (Gujarat).   The mean temperatures obtained from the records of daily maximum and minimum temperatures were higher and fluctuated from -1.5 to 1.5 °C during the months of September to May as compared to the respective values obtained from hourly temperatures recorded by the automatic weather station. However, during May to September, these daily mean temperatures were found to be higher than mean temperatures obtained from the automatic weather station. Different coefficients were deduced from the records of the automatic weather station to estimate the hourly temperatures and a model was developed similar to that of William and Logan (1981). The hourly temperatures and the daily mean temperatures so estimated were in good agreement with the respective actual hourly and daily temperatures record by the automatic weather station. Therefore, by using this model one could estimate the true daily mean temperature from the records of maximum and minimum temperatures.

Application of the sucrose inversion method to delineation of region-wide temperature patterns

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
Shirley R. Denton ◽  
Burton V. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Field Placement ◽  
Order Of Accuracy ◽  
Station Data ◽  
Weather Station Data ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean

The sucrose inversion method is an inexpensive tool for estimating mean temperature. Heretofore, the method has been limited to use in ecological studies where field placement of samples and duration of exposure of all samples of sucrose solution could be identical. A procedure was developed to relax the restriction of simultaneous field placement and exposure. Michigan, where conventional weather station data are available, was used to test the suitability of the sucrose inversion method for wide-area ecological use. The procedure presented uses daily maximum and minimum temperature data from a reference weather station, as well as the amount of sucrose inverted, to estimate the mean temperature in the study environment. When applied to 596 sites throughout Michigan, uncorrected sucrose inversion estimates gave nonsensical estimates of mean temperatures for the growing season of 1983. Estimates using as few as four reference weather stations plus the amount of sucrose inverted at each sample site gave results on the same order of accuracy as weather station data.

AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY: SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR TEMPERATURE IN ALBERTA AND SASKATCHEWAN

1937 ◽  
Vol 15c (10) ◽  
pp. 461-491
Author(s):  
J. W. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Seasonal Trend ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Daily Range ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Hourly Temperature ◽  
The Mean

A five-year moving average of mean temperature for the period April 1 to August 31 has a range of variation of about 4° F. over the years 1893–1933 at Edmonton and Calgary (central and southern Alberta), and Battleford and Swift Current (central and southern Saskatchewan). The general trend over the 41 years is slightly upward at the last three stations; there are also shorter irregular cycles of above- and below-average values of both mean temperature and mean daily range at all four stations. Short-term fluctuations of the former are most pronounced in April and May; those of the latter are equally in evidence in all five months. The annual averages of daily mean temperature (April 1–August 31) tend at all four stations to fall more frequently above than below the general average for the 41 years. Annual variation in monthly mean temperature is greatest in April and least in July, but the mean daily range is as variable for the summer as for the spring months. There is a fairly close correlation between the annual variations in mean monthly temperature at the four stations, but no significant association between the mean temperature of successive months at the same station. Below-average monthly temperatures tend to be associated with above-average precipitation, particularly in July and August.During 1916–1933, the intra-monthly variation of both daily maximum and minimum is greatest in April and least in July and August. Within any of the five months, the daily maxima are more variable than the minima. There is a significant correlation between the daily maxima and minima within months (which however diminishes progressively from April to August), and between the mean maximum and mean minimum of April, May and August in different years. The frequency distributions of the 18 years' daily maxima and minima have individual characteristics for each of the five months, which show a generally similar seasonal trend at the four stations. Seasonal trend in the daily range is much less than that in the mean temperature.The hourly temperature at Swift Current, averaged over four years, attains its maximum at 3 p.m. in all five months studied. The hour of average minimum varies from 6 a.m. in April to 4 a.m. in June. In each month the hours with below-average are in excess of those with above-average temperatures, but this inequality is more pronounced in spring than in summer. The mean of the daily maximum and minimum may sometimes deviate considerably from the mean of the 24 hourly observations.

Summer Temperature and All-cause Mortality from 2006 to 2015 for Smart City Jaipur, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097206342110116
Author(s):  
Suresh K. Rathi ◽  
P. R. Sodani ◽  
Suresh Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Mean

A considerable association between temperature and all-cause mortality has been documented in various studies. Further insights can be obtained from studying the impact of temperature and heat index (HI) for Jaipur city’s all-cause mortality. The objective of this work was to assess the association between the extreme heat (daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily mean temperature, relative humidity and HI) and all-cause mortality for summer months (March to June) from 2006 to 2015 for urban population of Jaipur. For summer months, we collected the data on various temperature and all-cause mortality parameters for at least 10 years. The student’s t-test and ANOVA were used to analyse variations in mean temperature, maximum temperature and HI. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the relationship between ambient heat and lag time effect all-cause mortality. A total of 75,571 deaths (all-cause mortality) for 1,203 summer days (2006–2015) were analysed in relation to temperature and relative humidity. The mean daily all-cause mortality has been estimated at 62.8 ± 15.2 for the study period. There is a significant increase of 39% per day all-cause mortality at the maximum temperature of 45 °C and above. However only 10% rise per day all-cause mortality for extreme danger days (HI > 54 °C). The mean daily all-cause mortality shows a significant association with daily maximum temperature ( F = 34.6, P < .0001) and HI (discomfort index) from caution to extreme danger risk days ( F = 5.0, P < .0019). The lag effect of extreme heat on all-cause mortality for the study period (2006 to 2015) was at a peak period on the same day of the maximum temperature ( r = 0.245 at P < .01) but continues up to four days. The study concludes that the effect of ambient heat on all-cause mortality increase is clearly evident (rise of 39% deaths/day). Accordingly, focus should be put on developing adaptation measures against ambient heat. This analysis may satisfy policy makers’ needs. Extreme heat-related mortality needs further study to reduce adverse effects on health among Jaipur’s urban population.

scholarly journals Meteorological effects of the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015: analysis of UK Met Office automatic weather station data and comparison with automatic weather station data from the Faroes and Iceland

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2077) ◽  
pp. 20150212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Hanna ◽  
John Penman ◽  
Trausti Jónsson ◽  
Grant R. Bigg ◽  
Halldór Björnsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Station Data ◽  
Weather Station Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Weather Stations

Here, we analyse high-frequency (1 min) surface air temperature, mean sea-level pressure (MSLP), wind speed and direction and cloud-cover data acquired during the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 from 76 UK Met Office weather stations, and compare the results with those from 30 weather stations in the Faroe Islands and 148 stations in Iceland. There was a statistically significant mean UK temperature drop of 0.83±0.63°C, which occurred over 39 min on average, and the minimum temperature lagged the peak of the eclipse by about 10 min. For a subset of 14 (16) relatively clear (cloudy) stations, the mean temperature drop was 0.91±0.78 (0.31±0.40)°C but the mean temperature drops for relatively calm and windy stations were almost identical. Mean wind speed dropped significantly by 9% on average during the first half of the eclipse. There was no discernible effect of the eclipse on the wind-direction or MSLP time series, and therefore we can discount any localized eclipse cyclone effect over Britain during this event. Similar changes in air temperature and wind speed are observed for Iceland, where conditions were generally clearer, but here too there was no evidence of an eclipse cyclone; in the Faroes, there was a much more muted meteorological signature. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Atmospheric effects of solar eclipses stimulated by the 2015 UK eclipse’.

scholarly journals Surface mass-balance observations and automatic weather station data along a transect near Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S.W. van de Wal ◽  
W. Greuell ◽  
M.R. van den Broeke ◽  
C.H. Reijmer ◽  
J. Oerlemans
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Surface Mass Balance ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Station Data ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSurface mass-balance data from the Kangerlussuaq transect (K-transect) located on the western part of the Greenland ice sheet near 67° N are presented. The series covers the period 1990-2003 and is the longest series of surface mass-balance measurements in Greenland. The surface mass-balance measurements cover an altitude range of 390-1850 m and show a linear increase of the specific mass balance, with a mass-balance gradient of 3.7 × 10–3 m m–1 and a mean equilibrium-line altitude of 1535 ma.s.l. Interannual variability shows a weak 4 yearly periodicity. In addition to the surface mass-balance data, automatic weather station data at an elevation of approximately 1010m are available for the period 1997-2002. These data are used to explain observed surface mass-balance anomalies over the same 5 years. It is shown that variations in shortwave radiation dominate interannual variability. The mean annual cycle of temperature is characterized by a maximum in summer around the melting point, leading to a mean summer outgoing longwave radiation of approximately 314 W–2. The mean annual cycle in wind speed shows a maximum in winter (on average around 8 m s–1) and a minimum in summer (on average around around 5 m s–1), which is characteristic for a katabatic forcing. During summer the net radiation is on average about 61 Wm–2, which is used for ice melting at a rate of typically 2 cm w.e.d-1. Net radiation contributes 84% of the total energy used for summer melting averaged over the 5 years.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Evaluation of Wind Speed Sensor in Automatic Weather Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 768 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Husheng Zhang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Cuicui Li ◽  
Wenlong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Uncertainty Evaluation ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Speed Sensor

Intra-Task Reliability and Specificity of Individual Consistency

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert V. Carron
Keyword(s):  
Motor Response ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Consistency ◽  
Response Consistency ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present report is based on reanalysis of data of Marisi (1969) in order to examine the relationship of consistency of motor response among the component responses of a single motor task. 120 high school Ss were tested on a special task, the rho. A single trial on this motor task can be logically separated into three component motor responses: reaction time, a short circular movement, and a short linear movement. The results indicated that consistency of motor response was moderately reliable within the response components but tended to be response-component specific. Further, both the reliability and specificity of motor-response consistency were independent of the size of the mean performance scores.

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