scholarly journals Crop coefficient and water requirement of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
CHANABASANAGOUDA. S. PATIL
Keyword(s):  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Peak Value

Based on the result of an experiment conducted   from 1997 to 1999 during  March-July,  a model has been developed for relating crop coefficient of okra with time at Bangalore. The peak value of crop co-efficient was found to be 1.16 on the 9th week after sowing. On an average okra crop consumed about 547 mm of water during the growth.  The mean   values of crop coefficients are found to be 0.46, 1.29 and 0.66 during seedling, pod development and maturity stages respectively. 

Lacking evidence for release of thyroid hormones from circulating thyroglobulin during subtotal thyroidectomy

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Date ◽  
M. Blichert-Toft ◽  
U. Feldt-Rasmussen ◽  
V. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Thyroid Resection ◽  
Free Thyroxine Index ◽  
Total Triiodothyronine ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peak Value

Abstract. The effect of subtotal thyroid resection for thyrotoxicosis on concentrations of serum thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin (Tg), was determined in 10 patients during operation and the subsequent 18 days. Mean serum Tg responded drastically, increasing from a pre-operative value of 0.30 nmol/l to a peak value of approximately 26 nmol/l during operation followed by a gradual decline to levels lower than before surgery on day 18. Mean serum total thyroxine was 114 nmol/l pre-operatively and free thyroxine index (FT4I) 105 units. Both fluctuated only slightly during operation. Postsurgically, the mean values decreased to below 50% of the pre-operative level. Mean serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) was 1.46 nmol/l pre-operatively. It decreased during operation, reaching a nadir of 0.55 nmol/l on day 2, whereafter the concentration increased slightly. Mean serum reverse T3 (rT3) was 0.45 nmol/l pre-operatively, increased 62% during surgery, and decreased postsurgically. The mean value of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 0.61 mU/l pre-operatively and remained below 1 mU/l during and after operation, but from day 10 concentration began to rise steadily. It is concluded that the vast release of Tg during thyroid resection did not contribute to the concentration of serum T4 to an extent of clinical relevance.

Computing Maize Crop Coefficients in the Port Harcourt area, Nigeria, using a Class a Pan Evaporimeter

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Ayotamuno ◽  
A.J. Akor ◽  
S.C. Teme ◽  
E.W.U. Essiet ◽  
N.O. Isirimah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Class A ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Class A Pan

Farmers in hot tropical climates know the importance of irrigation, but for irrigation to be used effectively the water requirement of the crop must be known. This is computed as the product of the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the crop coefficient (Kc). While the PET can easily be obtained through various methods, including pan evaporimeters, the Kc in the Port Harcourt area for maize and other crops was not known. The main objective of this research, therefore, was to obtain maize crop coefficients at different stages of growth using non-weighing water table lysimeters and a class A pan. The estimated mean maize evapotranspiration (ET) values for the establishment, vegetative, pollination, and grain-filling stages were 29,98,84 and 98 mm, respectively. Values ranging from 0.18 to 1.08 were calculated for the mean crop coefficients for 10-day periods.

scholarly journals Validation of Crop Coefficients and Water Requirement of Maize Crop in the Temperate Climatic Region of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5132-5138
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Crop Coefficients

The field study was conducted on Lysimeter by employing the soil water balance method to compute the water requirement and Crop coefficient of Maize in the temperate climatic zone of India. Non-weighing type lysimeters (drainage type) of 2 × 1.5 × 2 m was installed to compute the irrigation requirement, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and actual crop coefficient of maize by water balance method. The water requirement of maize was found 410.4 mm using lysimeter data. The mean daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) of maize ranged from 0.91 mm/day in the starting growth period to 5.29 mm/day at midseason. The peak ETo of Maize was found 6.3mm/day. The computed crop coefficient (Kc) values of Maize for diffrent crop growth stages were 0.53 for intial, 0.93 for development , 1.05 for mid-season, and 0.78 for late season .A Correlation was also established between Penman-Monteith (P-M) and four other reference Evapotranspiration methods.

scholarly journals Reduction of predictive uncertainty in estimating irrigation water requirement through multi-model ensembles and ensemble averaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1233-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Multsch ◽  
J.-F. Exbrayat ◽  
M. Kirby ◽  
N. R. Viney ◽  
H.-G. Frede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Parametric Uncertainty ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Ensemble Averaging ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Model Parametric Uncertainty

Abstract. Irrigation agriculture plays an increasingly important role in food supply. Many evapotranspiration models are used today to estimate the water demand for irrigation. They consider different stages of crop growth by empirical crop coefficients to adapt evapotranspiration throughout the vegetation period. We investigate the importance of the model structural versus model parametric uncertainty for irrigation simulations by considering six evapotranspiration models and five crop coefficient sets to estimate irrigation water requirements for growing wheat in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia. The study is carried out using the spatial decision support system SPARE:WATER. We find that structural model uncertainty among reference ET is far more important than model parametric uncertainty introduced by crop coefficients. These crop coefficients are used to estimate irrigation water requirement following the single crop coefficient approach. Using the reliability ensemble averaging (REA) technique, we are able to reduce the overall predictive model uncertainty by more than 10%. The exceedance probability curve of irrigation water requirements shows that a certain threshold, e.g. an irrigation water limit due to water right of 400 mm, would be less frequently exceeded in case of the REA ensemble average (45%) in comparison to the equally weighted ensemble average (66%). We conclude that multi-model ensemble predictions and sophisticated model averaging techniques are helpful in predicting irrigation demand and provide relevant information for decision making.

scholarly journals Phenophase wise study of parameters controlling water requirement of soybean crop [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at various agroclimatic zones

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
A. KASHYAPI ◽  
A.S. BAHOT
Keyword(s):  
Water Requirement ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Agroclimatic Zone ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones ◽  
Best Fit

Soybean is a major kharif season crop in parts of M.P., U.P., Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana,Maharashtra, Rajasthan, A.P. and Chattisgarh. The present work was undertaken to study the parameters controllingwater requirement of the crop at various phenophases in soybean growing 8 ET- stations (viz., Akola, Bangalore,Banswara, Dharwar, New Delhi, Parbhani, ICRISAT and Rahuri) in various agroclimatic zones. Eight phenophases of thecrop (viz., germination, seedling, vegetative, active vegetative, flowering, pod formation, pod maturity and harvesting)were identified. The data were collected for latest available 3 to 5 years and the mean values were analysed. The study onsoybean crop revealed that the mean total water requirement demand of the crop varied from 294.7 to 559.2 mm indifferent soybean growing ET stations. The ET demand reached the peak mostly at active vegetative stage (which was19.0 to 25.6 % of the total ET demand, at various locations). The computed best – fit ET curves provide ET demand ofthe crop at any point of the phenophases for the specific location. The rainfall during study period was mostly sufficientto meet the crop specific ET demand at various phenophaes of soybean crop. Abundant soil moisture supported goodvegetation cover. The mean Kc value varied widely from 0.61 to 0.98 among different stations studied, which reachedtheir peak mostly at active vegetative to flowering stages, where the values were even more than 1 in most of thosephenophases except 3 stations. The mean soybean crop yield and productivity varied widely agroclimatic zone wise. Thesoybean yield varied from 981.0 kg/ha to 2530.6 kg/ha, while productivity per day varied from 9.0 kg/ha/day to 23.2kg/ha/day. The WUE of the crop laid between 2.1 kg/ha/mm to 6.0 kg/ha /mm at various locations.

The entry of strontium-90 into human bone

1964 ◽  
Vol 159 (976) ◽  
pp. 449-465 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Strontium 90 ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peak Value

For 6 years human bones, mostly femora, have been analyzed for strontium-90 by radio-chemical methods and for natural strontium spectrographically. The mean concentrations relative to calcium (pc/g Ca and μ g/g Ca) are charted according to age. In each year the peak value for 90 Sr was in juveniles aged 1 to 2 years; it increased progressively in 1956–59 and fell in 1960–61. Values for the newborn which are dependent on maternal plasma and on domicile of mother moved similarly with time. By contrast values for bones of adolescents and adults increased progressively. The concentration was substantially uniform between bones in infants and children. In adults cancellous bones especially vertebrae gave higher concentration than ivory bones. The mean values for stable strontium for the six-year period were ~ 200 μ g/g Ca from birth till 6 months of age; they then rose sharply in the next year and later more slowly to 330 μ g/g Ca in adults. It is deduced (1) that the discrimination between Ca and Sr across the human placenta is nearly twofold, (2) that in the first year of the infant’s life the discriminatory processes especially in absorption observed in the human adult are not fully developed, (3) that by considering the specific activity ( 90 Sr/mg Sr) of bone in children according to cohort, bone turnover must be nearly complete in each of the first few years of life whereas in adolescents accretion of new salt is the preponderant factor, (4) and that in the adult where growth has ceased the relative annual ‘rates of replacement’ of existing mineral by new mineral from diet vary about 2% for ivory bone to 8% for vertebrae.

scholarly journals Estimate of the crop coefficient for Eucalyptus cultivated under irrigation during initial growth

CERNE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Emília Borges Alves ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
Gilberto Chohaku Sediyama ◽  
Júlio César Lima Neves
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Consistent Method ◽  
Crop Coefficients

The expansion in areas planted with eucalyptus crops has raised concern about the effects these may have on water resources and existing correlations between water use and crop productivity, which calls for better understanding of water requirements by plant species. The objective of this study was to determine the water requirements of an irrigated eucalyptus crop, having the estimated dual crop coefficient (dual Kc) as a reference. Mean values found for estimated crop coefficients were 0.57, 0.13 and 0.70 for Ke, Kcb and Kc respectively during initial growth stage, and 0.01, 0.81 and 0.82 for Ke, Kcb and Kc respectively during the mid-season stage. The methodology used in this study is not intended to replace field measurements for development of Kc curves. However, it provides a consistent method to evaluate values measured while providing means for estimating variations in values of Kc according to change in the soil fraction covered by vegetation.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF CROP WATER REQUIREMENT AND CROP COEFFICIENT OF TOMATO CROP USING METEOROLOGICAL DATA IN PAMPAIDA MILLENNIUM VILLAGE, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-546
Author(s):  
A. Ahmed ◽  
M. A. Oyebode ◽  
H. E. Igbadun ◽  
Ezekiel Oiganji
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Water Requirement ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Crop Coefficients

This report presents a study of crop water requirement and crop coefficient (Kc) for Tomato crop cultivated under irrigation in Pampaida Millennium Village Cluster, Ikara Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria, during the 2009/2010 dry season. A total of 7 tomato farmers were selected out of 45 farmers for the assessment exercise. Water applied per irrigation and soil moisture contents before and after irrigation was monitored throughout the seasons, while Tomato bulbs were harvested at the end of season and weighed. Average  crop water use were estimated from the soil moisture content using the gypsum block, while daily reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) were computed from weather data using method Hargreaves equation. Crop coefficient values (Kc) were computed as the ratio of crop water use to ETo. The values of crop coefficients and seasonal crop water requirement per irrigation for different growth stages were determined, the computed *Kc values for different growth stage for the tomato crop grown in the study area was found to be between 0.77-1.15, the initial stage (*Kc =0.81; 20 mm/irrigation), crop development stage (*Kc = 1.09; 28 mm/irrigation), mid-season (*Kc = 1.15; 29 mm/ irrigation) and Late stage (*Kc = 0.77; 19 mm/irrigation), hence the mid-season gave the highest Kc value. However, the crop seasonal water requirement was found to be 386mm, which was within the recommended range. The crop coefficients and seasonal water requirement estimated in this study are reliable and could be used in irrigation design and scheduling for Tomato in the study area.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Köhler ◽  
P Hellstern ◽  
C Miyashita ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.

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